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5 results

  • Clinical characteristics of participants enrolled in an early identification and healthcare management program for dementia based on cluster analysis and the effectiveness of associated support efforts
  • Hitomi Kawakita, Masahiro Ogawa, Keiko Matsumoto, Yuichiro Kawakita, Mayumi Hara, Yumi Koyama, Yoshinari Fujita, Masanori Oshita, Toshio Mori, Motomi Toichi, Hajime Takechi
  • Journal: International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 32 / Issue 5 / May 2020
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 February 2020, pp. 573-583
  • Print publication: May 2020
  • View abstract
    Objective:

    Although early identification and management services for dementia have become more widespread, their efficacy and the clinical characteristics of service have yet to be fully evaluated. Therefore, the objective of this study is to clarify these issues.

    Measurements:

    The subjects were 164 Japanese users of an early identification and management program for dementia, known as the Initial-phase Intensive Support Team (IPIST), between 2013 and 2015. Nonhierarchical cluster analysis was used to derive subgroups based on cognitive status and ability in activities of daily living (ADL) and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). One-way analysis of variance was performed to evaluate differences among the groups derived by the cluster analysis. A paired t test was used to assess how the clinical status of the groups changed between baseline and follow-up.

    Results:

    Four groups were identified by cluster analysis, i.e. a mild group, a moderate group, a BPSD group with moderate cognitive impairment and severe BPSD, and a severe group with severe cognitive impairment and severe BPSD. Although there were no significant improvements in cognitive impairment or ADL in any group, significant improvements were found in BPSD in the BPSD and severe BPSD groups. Caregiver burden was significantly lessened in all groups. Clinical diagnosis and long-term care insurance service utilization rates were significantly improved overall.

    Conclusion:

    The users of IPIST were classified into four subgroups based on their clinical characteristics. The IPIST program could improve the quality of life of people with dementia and their caregivers.

  • Role of d-serine in the beneficial effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in post-stroke patients
  • Masachika Niimi, Yuko Fujita, Tamaki Ishima, Kenji Hashimoto, Nobuyuki Sasaki, Takatoshi Hara, Naoki Yamada, Masahiro Abo
  • Journal: Acta Neuropsychiatrica / Volume 32 / Issue 3 / June 2020
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 29 January 2020, pp. 128-134
  • Print publication: June 2020
  • View abstract
    Objective:

    Abnormalities in neurotransmission via N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) play a role in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. The impact of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on NMDAR-related amino acids remains unknown. We aim to investigate the effects of rTMS on NMDAR-related amino acids in serum of post-stroke patients.

    Methods:

    Ninety-five consecutive post-stroke patients with upper limb hemiparesis were recruited. In 27 patients, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score was 10 or higher. Twelve depressed patients underwent rehabilitation in combination with rTMS and 15 non-depressed patients underwent rehabilitation only without rTMS for 14 days. 1 Hz rTMS was applied to the primary motor area in the non-lesional hemisphere. BDI was conducted before and after treatment. Serum glutamine, glutamate, glycine, l-serine, and d-serine levels were measured before and after treatment.

    Results:

    There were no differences between depressed patients and non-depressed patients in clinical characteristics, levels of the five amino acids in serum, and the ratio of amino acids. However, in 27 depressed patients, there was a significant correlation between levels of glutamate in serum and BDI (ρ = 0.428, p = 0.026). BDI decreased significantly in depressed patients after treatment with or without rTMS. d-serine decreased in the rehabilitation with rTMS group, but increased in the rehabilitation without rTMS group. l-serine increased in the rehabilitation with rTMS group, but decreased in the rehabilitation without rTMS group.

    Conclusion:

    The results suggest that rTMS can modulate NMDAR-related amino acids in blood, producing beneficial effects.

  • 1 - Model checking and equivalence checking
  • Dhiraj K. Pradhan, University of Bristol, Ian G. Harris, University of California, Irvine
  • Book: Practical Design Verification
  • Published online: 05 August 2012
  • Print publication: 11 June 2009, pp 1-50
  • View extract

    Summary

    Introduction

    Owing to the advances in semiconductor technology, a large and complex system that has a wide variety of functionalities has been integrated on a single chip. It is called system-on-a-chip (SoC) or system LSI, since all of the components in an electronics system are built on a single chip. Designs of SoCs are highly complicated and require many manpower-consuming processes. As a result, it has become increasingly difficult to identify all the design bugs in such a large and complex system before the chips are fabricated. In current designs, the verification time to check whether or not a design is correct can take 80 percent or more of the overall design time. Therefore, the development of verification techniques in each level of abstraction is indispensable.

    Logic simulation is a widely used technique for the verification of a design. It simulates the output values for given input patterns. However, because the quality of simulation results deeply depends on given input patterns, there is a possibility that there exist design bugs that cannot be identified during logic simulation. Because the number of required input patterns is exponentially increased when the size of a design is increased, it is clearly impossible to verify the overall design completely by logic simulation. To solve this problem, the development of formal verification techniques is essential. In formal verification, specification and design are translated into mathematical models. Formal verification techniques verify a design by proving its correctness with mathematical reasoning, and, therefore, they can verify the overall design exhaustively.

  • Topological types of Pfaffian manifolds
  • Masato Fujita, Masahiro Shiota
  • Journal: Nagoya Mathematical Journal / Volume 173 / 2004
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 January 2016, pp. 1-22
  • Print publication: 2004
    • Article
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  • View abstract

    Let Ω = (ω1,…,ω n-k ) be differential 1-forms with polynomial coefficients in R n . A Pfaffian manifold of Ω is by definition a maximal integral k-manifold of Ω. It is shown that the number of homeomorphism classes of all Pfaffian manifolds of Rolle Type of Ω is finite and, moreover, bounded by a computable function in variables n, k and the degree of ω 1,…, ω n-k . Finiteness is proved also in any o-minimal structure.

    We give also an example of a semi-algebraic C 1 differential form on a semi-algebraic C2 3-manifold whose Pfaffian manifolds have homeomorphism classes of the cardinality of continuum. Hence the cardinality of all manifolds is the continuum (not countable).

  • Morphology of melt-crystallized poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) thin films studied by transmission electron microscopy
  • Masaki Tsuji, Fernando A. Novillo L, Masahiro Fujita, Syozo Murakami, Shinzo Kohjiya
  • Journal: Journal of Materials Research / Volume 14 / Issue 1 / January 1999
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 26 July 2012, pp. 251-258
  • Print publication: January 1999
  • View extract

    Thin films of poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PEN) were isothermally crystallized at 190 °C after being melted at 300 °C. Morphological observation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the spherulitic texture in the films. Selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) indicated that the crystals in the films are the a form, as expected from our thermal condition for crystallization. The SAED pattern from the untilted specimen was characterized by the fairly intense reflection ring accompanied by other weak rings, and this intense ring was indexed as 010. A series of SAED patterns, which were obtained from the same specimen area tilted at various angles in the TEM column, suggested that the crystallites are oriented with their (001) planes being preferentially parallel to the film surface. Subsequently, a set of the dark-field images of the two-dimensional spherulite taken by using two different parts of the 010 reflection ring revealed that most of the crystallites in such a spherulite are oriented with their (010) planes being parallel in its radial direction. In addition, the spherulites in small pieces (0.05–0.08 mm thick) of PEN, which had been crystallized under the same thermal condition as above, were determined to be negatively birefringent by polarizing light microscopy.