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  • Chapter 8 - “If I Cannot Get a Whole Loaf, I Will Get What Bread I Can”: LBJ and the Hart–Celler Immigration Act of 1965

  • Edited by Mark Atwood Lawrence, LBJ Presidential Library and Museum, Austin, Mark K. Updegrove, LBJ Foundation, Austin
  • Book:
    LBJ's America
    Published online:
    19 October 2023
    Print publication:
    19 October 2023, pp 200-228

  • Summary

    One of LBJ’s signature civil rights achievements, the 1965 Hart–Celler Immigration Act still stands in providing the overarching structure for immigration regulation in the US today. Its enactment ended decades of overtly racist immigration laws, crowning the almost equally long campaigns by immigration reformers seeking a more egalitarian system. In securing passage of the legislation, LBJ provided essential leadership but accepted significant compromises to do so. The immigration overhaul succeeded in abolishing the most discriminatory aspects of the old system for immigration regulation, even as it has implemented new forms of inequalities that have criminalized migrations particularly from the US’s closest neighbors. This law has transformed the US through the most diverse immigration in national history, even as it has produced a large and persistent caste of second-class residents whose unauthorized immigration bars them from citizenship.

  • Introduction to Volume 2

  • Edited by Marcelo J. Borges, Dickinson College, Pennsylvania, Madeline Y. Hsu, University of Texas, Austin
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Global Migrations
    Published online:
    12 May 2023
    Print publication:
    01 June 2023, pp 18-41

  • Summary

    Volume 2 of The Cambridge History of Global Migrations presents an authoritative overview of the various continuities and changes in migration and globalization from the 1800s to the present day. Despite revolutionary changes in communication technologies, the growing accessibility of long-distance travel, and globalization across major economies, the rise of nation-states empowered immigration regulation and bureaucratic capacities for enforcement that curtailed migration. One major theme worldwide across the post-1800 centuries was the differentiation between “skilled” and “unskilled” workers, often considered through a racialized lens; it emerged as the primary divide between greater rights of immigration and citizenship for the former, and confinement to temporary or unauthorized migrant status for the latter. Through thirty-one chapters, this volume further evaluates the long global history of migration; and it shows that despite the increased disciplinary systems, the primacy of migration remains and continues to shape political, economic, and social landscapes around the world.

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