Meteorological extremes such as heatwaves and water limitations during the ripening season could negatively impact vine ecophysiology and berry metabolism resulting in lower yield per vine. This project aimed to compare two different soil managements during two growing-production seasons (2021 and 2022) with respect to control without any treatment (control). The two managements were: Zeowine (30 t/ha; a soil conditioner made with clinoptilolite and compost proceeding of industrial wine-waste) and compost (20 t/ha). The trial was organized at Col d'Orcia Estate (Montalcino, Tuscan wine region, Italy). The purpose was twofold: (1) to evaluate the effects of Zeowine treatments on leaf gas exchanges, midday stem water potential, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf temperature (ecophysiology); and (2) to determine any repercussions on the quality of the grapes (technological and phenolics analyses). The parameters plant yield, yeast assimilable nitrogen, fractionation of anthocyanins (cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, peonidin and petunidin), caffeic acid, coumaric acid, gallic acid, ferulic acid, kaempferol and quercetin were also analysed. Zeowine showed higher photosynthesis, less negative midday water potential and lower leaf temperature. Essentially, no significant difference was found between the compost and the control. Furthermore, Zeowine grapevines showed higher anthocyanin accumulation and less quercetin content. In general, compost applied together with zeolite could alleviate the adverse effects of water stress and improve plant growth, yield and quality. The control management strategy proved to be the least beneficial for the well-being of the plant and the final quality of the product, confirming the need for amendments in critical years.

Sponges, especially Calcarea, are minor components of benthic associations, especially during the Mesozoic. In the Lower Cretaceous of the Neuquén Basin, small calcareous sponges have been found building a small monospecific meadow. It is restricted to a marlstone lens-shaped bed in a quiet outer-ramp setting in the Cerro Marucho Locality (Picún Leufú depocentre), above a shell bed of small exogyrid oysters; oysters and sponges were the only preserved macrobenthic faunal elements. Individual sponges were small, under 4 cm high, and presented a sub-cylindrical morphology with one or more rounded, apical osculi, many inhalant openings and triactine spicules. Specimens studied here were assigned to Endostoma sp. aff. Endostoma nodosa. These sponges are quite commonly encrusted by exogyrid oysters, serpulids, sabellids, agglutinating foraminifers and cyclostome bryozoans. Overgrowths among sclerobionts were common, though no undoubtedly in vivo interaction has been recorded. Disarticulated left oyster valves were frequently bioclaustrated by the sponges, showing that in vivo settlement upon sponges was common. Many oysters settled in the periphery of the osculum suggesting a commensal relationship. The study of this sponge meadow and its sclerobiont community allowed the identification of different stages of ecological succession. The pioneer stage was characterised by sponge settlement on oyster valves, within an otherwise soft consistency bottom. High sedimentation or high nutrient inputs, either individually or in combination, could explain the great abundance of oysters. During the climax stage, sponges thrived and harboured several sclerobiont taxa, developing a relatively dynamic palaeocommunity. Finally, an intensification in either sedimentation rates or nutrient input (or both) past the tolerable threshold for sponges may have been the cause(s) of the meadow's demise. Endostoma and similar forms were up to now reported mostly from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of Europe as accessory builders, or as accompanying fauna in reefal settings. This new record shows that in rare occasions they could form low-relief meadows on their own.

Composting from organic municipal solid waste (MSW), such as a separate waste collection, is a valid tool for eliminating a considerable amount of waste that would otherwise be destined for landfills and incinerators, thus representing an effective complement to traditional forms of recycling. It allows organic substance to be recovered and reintegrated into the soil, thus preventing erosion phenomena, increasing the biological fertility of the soil and contributing significantly to the restoration of impoverished sites. Modern winegrowing must address the issue of vineyard fertility in the sustainability context. The goal of this study was to assess the advantages of distributing a sustainable product to the vineyard that can achieve vine balance (vegetative and productive equilibrium). In a Vitis vinifera L. Sangiovese cv., vineyard, four soil treatments were applied (three compost rates and a control): municipal solid waste compost (40 tons per hectare – MSW40, 15 tons per hectare – MSW15, 2.5 tons per hectare – MSW2.5), and no compost (CTRL). The vine physiology (leaf gas exchange and water potential) and berry compositions (phenolic and technological maturity) were studied during the 2018–2019 growing seasons in the Sieci area, Italy. The results of this experiment provide some general insights showing that MSW compost options can be expected to reduce water stress, balanced vine performance and provide sustainable recirculation of organic matter. MSW compost is a true agronomic and environmental resource.

Over the last 25 years, radiowave detection of neutrino-generated signals, using cold polar ice as the neutrino target, has emerged as perhaps the most promising technique for detection of extragalactic ultra-high energy neutrinos (corresponding to neutrino energies in excess of 0.01 Joules, or 1017 electron volts). During the summer of 2021 and in tandem with the initial deployment of the Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G), we conducted radioglaciological measurements at Summit Station, Greenland to refine our understanding of the ice target. We report the result of one such measurement, the radio-frequency electric field attenuation length $L_\alpha$. We find an approximately linear dependence of $L_\alpha$ on frequency with the best fit of the average field attenuation for the upper 1500 m of ice: $\langle L_\alpha \rangle = ( ( 1154 \pm 121) - ( 0.81 \pm 0.14) \, ( \nu /{\rm MHz}) ) \,{\rm m}$ for frequencies ν ∈ [145 − 350] MHz.

In the Mediterranea area, major effects of climate change are a modification in rainfall patterns, an increase in temperature with an intensify in tropical nights, and an increase in incoming radiations, especially UV-Bs. Despite the various adaptation strategies, grapevines are sensitive to altered climatic conditions. This paper aims to assess the benefits of applying a new sustainable product to the soil that can implement farmers’ resources to adapt to this changing situation. Zeowine was realized by combining the properties of zeolite, which has excellent potential in many sectors such as in agriculture, with the organic substance of a compost obtained on a company scale from the reuse of waste processing grapes, pomace and stalks. The effects of two different soil management (Z – Zeowine, 30 t/ha dose and C – Compost, 20 t/ha dose) on vine physiology and berry compositions in Sanforte grapevines (new plantation) were studied during the 2019–2020–2021 growing seasons in the San Miniato area, Italy. The following physiological parameters of grapevines were measured: leaf gas exchange, leaf temperature, stem water potential and chlorophyll fluorescence. The results showed that Z increased single leaf photosynthesis, reduced leaf temperature and water stress. In addition, phenolic and technological parameters were studied. The Z-treated vines had higher sugar content and total and extractable anthocyanin content as well as berry weight. These results suggested that the application of zeolites added to compost in the vineyard to the soil can be a valid tool to mitigate the effects of climate change.

A minimal brain damage examination was carried out in 73 schizophrenic patients divided into three groups according to their season of birth. Results showed no statistically significant difference among groups in the prevalence of neurological soft signs.

In the Person-Environment (P-E) Congruence model, psychological well-being is proposed to be a function of the degree of fit between the perceived environment and the important needs of the individual; and, that in more restricted environments, the relationship is stronger. The present study examined, cross-sectionally and longitudinally, the Congruence levels and well-being of elderly veterans (N = 165) in four microenvironments within a single instutition. Congruence was assessed using the multidimensional Environmental Perception, Preference and Importance Scale (EPPIS). Well-being was measured using the PGC Moral Scale, the Life Satisfaction Index A and a semantic differential self-concept scale. There were significant microenvironment differences on three of the 15 EPPIS dimensions; the P-E Congruence scores were predictive of well-being; and, the specific dimensions predictive of well-being varied across microenvironments, criterion of well-being and time. The data reinforces the notion that treatment programs must be individualized and that the P-E model, operationalized in the EPPIS, may serve as a viable clinical tool.

A standardised clinical examination which focused on neurological soft signs (NSS) was used by a neurologist blind to diagnosis to assess the presence of neurological soft signs. A comparison of NSS score was made among three groups of subjects consisting of 58 DSM–III schizophrenics, 31 of their healthy first-degree relatives and 38 normal controls. The schizophrenic group had significantly higher NSS total scores than normal controls but did not differ significantly from their first-degree relatives' group. The relatives' group showed higher NSS total scores than did normal controls although to a lesser extent than schizophrenics.