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4 results

  • Predictability of the Call Triage Protocol to Detect if Dispatchers Should Activate Community First Responders

  • Kenji Narikawa, Tetsuya Sakamoto, Katsuaki Kubota, Masayuki Suzukawa, Chikara Yonekawa, Keisuke Yamashita, Yoshiki Toyokuni, Yasuharu Yasuda, Akihiro Kobayashi, Kazunori Iijima
  • Journal:
    Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 29 / Issue 5 / October 2014
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 September 2014, pp. 484-488
    Print publication:
    October 2014
  • Introduction

    Shortening response time to an emergency call leads to the success of resuscitation by chest compression and defibrillation. However, response by ambulance or fire truck is not fast enough for resuscitation in Japan. In rural areas, response times can be more than 10 minutes. One possible way to shorten the response time is to establish a system of first responders (eg, police officers or firefighters) who are trained appropriately to perform resuscitation. Another possible way is to use a system of Community First Responders (CFRs) who are trained neighbors. At present, there are no call triage protocols to decide if dispatchers should activate CFRs.

    Objective

    The aim of this study was to determine the predictability to detect if dispatchers should activate CFRs.

    Methods

    Two CFR call triage protocols (CFR protocol Ver.0 and Ver.1) were established. The predictability of CFR protocols was examined by comparing the paramedic field reports. From the results of sensitivity of CFR protocol, the numbers of annual CFR activations were calculated. All data were collected, prospectively, for four months from October 1, 2012 through January 31, 2013.

    Results

    The ROC-AUC values appear slightly higher in CFR protocol Ver.1 (0.857; 95% CI, 79.8-91.7) than in CFR protocol Ver.0 (0.847; 95% CI, 79.0-90.3). The number of annual CFR activations is higher in CFR protocol Ver.0 (7.47) than in CFR protocol Ver.1 (5.45).

    Conclusion

    Two call triage protocols have almost the same predictability as the Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS). The study indicates that CFR protocol Ver.1 is better than CFR protocol Ver.0 because of the higher predictability and low number of activations. Also, it indicates that CFRs who are not medical professionals can respond to a patient with cardiac arrest.

    NarikawaK, SakamotoT, KubotaK, SuzukawaM, YonekawaC, YamashitaK, ToyokuniY, YasudaY, KobayashiA, IijimaK. Predictability of the Call Triage Protocol to Detect if Dispatchers Should Activate Community First Responders. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(5):1-5.

  • Phase Transition and Pyroelectric Properties of La-Modified PbTiO3 Thin Films

  • Kenji Iijima, Koichi Niihara
  • Journal:
    MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 493 / 1997
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 February 2011, 453
    Print publication:
    1997

  • Phase transition and related electric properties of La-modified PbTiO3 (PLT) thin films were investigated. Curie temperature of the films decreased and the diffuseness of the phase transition increased with increasing La content. Simultaneously, it was losing a ferroelectricity and pyroelectric properties degraded in La-rich region. This is considered to be due to the increase of a defect in the film by exchanging Pb2+ ions to La3+ ions. Compensation of the defect by the addition of Mn ion improve the ferroelectricity of the PLT and the films showed an extremely large pyroelectric properties.