A “0-0 type” multiferroic BaTiO3-NiFe2O4 (BT-NF) composite thin film was prepared on SrRuO3/(La,Sr)MnO3/CeO2/YSZ/Si(001) substrate using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Epitaxial growth of the film was confirmed using x-ray pole figure measurements. Cross-sectional TEM observations revealed that the crystal structure and morphology of the BT-NF composite thin film depends on the oxygen pressure during deposition. The film deposited at 1.0×10-2 Torr has smaller grains than that deposited at 1.0×10-1 Torr. The magnetic and ferroelectric properties of BT-NF composite thin film were correlated with the microstructure that was controlled by oxygen pressure during deposition. The film deposited at 1.0×10-2 Torr had paramagnetic properties with less polarization than the film deposited at 1.0×10-1 Torr.

We are conducting a survey of the CO J=2-1 line emission in the southern Milky Way (the Tokyo-Onsala-ESO-Calán Galactic CO survey), using the 60-cm radio telescope (VST2) in La Silla, Chile. It is combined with the northern survey made with the identical telescope (VST1) at Nobeyama (e.g., Sakamoto et al. 1995), and is directly comparable with the Columbia survey of the CO J=1-0 emission (e.g., Dame et al. 1987).

The relationship among electrical conductivity, optical properties, and carbon structure of ion-implanted polymers has been studied by optical transmission and Raman spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity, which depends not only on the ion dose but also on the dose rate in a complicated manner, was found to have a simple relation to the optical absorbance. By Raman spectroscopic analyses, the difference in the electrical conductivity was explained in terms of the difference in carbon structure.