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23 results

Page 1 of 2

  • Effects of HIV and Early Life Stress on Amygdala Morphometry and Neurocognitive Function

  • Uraina S. Clark, Ronald A. Cohen, Lawrence H. Sweet, Assawin Gongvatana, Kathryn N. Devlin, George N. Hana, Michelle L. Westbrook, Richard C. Mulligan, Beth A. Jerskey, Tara L. White, Bradford Navia, Karen T. Tashima
  • Journal:
    Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 18 / Issue 4 / July 2012
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    24 May 2012, pp. 657-668

  • Both HIV infection and high levels of early life stress (ELS) have been related to abnormalities in frontal-subcortical structures, yet the combined effects of HIV and ELS on brain structure and function have not been previously investigated. In this study we assessed 49 non-demented HIV-seropositive (HIV+) and 47 age-matched HIV-seronegative healthy control (HC) adults. Levels of ELS exposure were quantified and used to define four HIV-ELS groups: HC Low-ELS (N = 20); HC High-ELS (N = 27); HIV+ Low-ELS (N = 24); HIV+ High-ELS (N = 25). An automated segmentation tool measured volumes of brain structures known to show HIV-related or ELS-related effects; a brief neurocognitive battery was administered. A significant HIV-ELS interaction was observed for amygdala volumes, which was driven by enlargements in HIV+ High-ELS participants. The HIV+ High-ELS group also demonstrated significant reductions in psychomotor/processing speed compared with HC Low-ELS. Regression analyses in the HIV+ group revealed that amygdala enlargements were associated with higher ELS, lower nadir CD4 counts, and reduced psychomotor/processing speed. Our results suggest that HIV infection and high ELS interact to increase amygdala volume, which is associated with neurocognitive dysfunction in HIV+ patients. These findings highlight the lasting neuropathological influence of ELS and suggest that high ELS may be a significant risk factor for neurocognitive impairment in HIV-infected individuals. (JINS, 2012, 19, 1–12)

Cultural Performances in Medieval France
  • Essays in Honor of Nancy Freeman Regalado
  • With contributions by Anne Azéma , Renate Blumenfeld-Kosinski , Cynthia J. Brown , Elizabeth A. R. Brown , Matilda Tomaryn Bruckner , Ardis Butterfield , Kimberlee Campbell , Robert L. A. Clark , Mark Cruse , Kathryn A. Duys , Sylvia Huot , Marilyn Lawrence , Kathleen A. Loysen , Laurie Postlewate , Edward H. Roesner , Samuel N. Rosenberg , Lucy Freeman Sandler , Pamela Sheingorn , Helen Solterer , Jane H. M. Taylor , Evelyn Birge Vitz , Lori J. Walters and Michel Zink
  • Edited by E. Jane Burns, Eglal Doss-Quinby, Roberta L. Krueger
  • Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    24 October 2017
    Print publication:
    15 March 2007
  • This collection of essays pays tribute to Nancy Freeman Regalado, a ground-breaking scholar in the field of medieval French literature whose research has always pushed beyond disciplinary boundaries. The articles in the volume reflect the depth and diversity of her scholarship, as well as her collaborations with literary critics, philologists, historians, art historians, musicologists, and vocalists - in France, England, and the United States. Inspired by her most recent work, these twenty-four essays are tied together by a single question, rich in ramifications: how does performance shape our understanding of medieval and pre-modern literature and culture, whether the nature of that performance is visual, linguistic, theatrical, musical, religious, didactic, socio-political, or editorial? The studies presented here invite us to look afresh at the interrelationship of audience, author, text, and artifact, to imagine new ways of conceptualizing the creation, transmission, and reception of medieval literature, music, and art.

    EGLAL DOSS-QUINBY is Professor of French at Smith College; ROBERTA L. KRUEGER is Professor of French at Hamilton College; E. JANE BURNS is Professor of Women's Studies and Adjunct Professor of Comparative Literature at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

    Contributors: ANNE AZÉMA, RENATE BLUMENFELD-KOSINSKI, CYNTHIA J. BROWN, ELIZABETH A. R. BROWN, MATILDA TOMARYN BRUCKNER, E. JANE BURNS, ARDIS BUTTERFIELD, KIMBERLEE CAMPBELL, ROBERT L. A. CLARK, MARK CRUSE, KATHRYN A. DUYS, ELIZABETH EMERY, SYLVIA HUOT, MARILYN LAWRENCE, KATHLEEN A. LOYSEN, LAURIE POSTLEWATE, EDWARD H. ROESNER, SAMUEL N. ROSENBERG, LUCY FREEMAN SANDLER, PAMELA SHEINGORN, HELEN SOLTERER, JANE H. M. TAYLOR, EVELYN BIRGE VITZ, LORI J. WALTERS, AND MICHEL ZINK.