OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To demonstrate a successful example of clinical and translational research at a busy veterinary teaching hospital and highlight a collaborative effort in Comparative Oncology between the University of Florida’s (UF) Colleges of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The UF College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM) is a full-time teaching hospital with multiple departments actively recruiting patients for clinical trials. These departments include but are not limited to Oncology, Internal Medicine, Dermatology, Cardiology, and Emergency and Critical Care. The Oncology department collaborates with the doctors at the UF Health Cancer Center (UFHCC) as part of a Comparative Oncology Initiative, which has many ongoing canine and feline trials focusing on immunotherapy. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: As of August 2023, there are 60 clinical trials actively recruiting and enrolling patients at the UF CVM. 57% of these trials are interventional studies, while the other 43% are observational studies. The UFHCC Comparative Oncology Initiative has successfully completed one clinical trial focusing on canine gliomas; has 4 clinical trials that are actively recruiting patients, and 6 trials that are opening for enrollment in the near future. These studies focus on osteosarcoma, melanoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. It is anticipated that with continued successful collaborations, more clinical trials will be possible, and new treatment options will become available for not only veterinary patients but human patients as well. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Clinical and translational research is an important part of veterinary medicine to further patient care. Due to ongoing collaborative efforts, not only veterinary patients but also human patients will benefit from the research being conducted at the UF CVM.

Herbicide resistance is the heritable ability of a weed biotype or population to survive a herbicide application that would effectively kill a susceptible population of the weed. In the U.K. the most widespread and financially important herbicide-resistant weed is blackgrass. Investigations to elucidate the molecular mechanisms conferring herbicide resistance to blackgrass populations have been ongoing for two decades. Although the identification of target site–resistant populations has proved to be relatively straightforward (using, for example, target site assays in vitro), the study and understanding of resistance mechanisms involved in enhanced metabolism has proven to be more problematic. Research has focused on the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme families, both of which have been shown to be important in herbicide metabolism in many weed and crop species. GST activity and abundance are greater in a selection of herbicide-resistant blackgrass biotypes, and herbicide treatment of field populations of blackgrass results in the survival of the proportion of population possessing the greatest GST activity and abundance. In addition, GST activity in the field increases between winter and spring, and this coincides with reduced efficacy of important blackgrass herbicides. GST activities within field populations of blackgrass are highly varied, and this plasticity is discussed in relation to the development of resistant populations in field situations. This article describes research results in blackgrass and compares them with GST studies in other weed species as well as with other mechanisms for enhanced metabolism-based resistance.