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20 results

  • Introduction

  • Edited by Jeffrey B. Hammond, Helen M. Alvare, George Mason University, Virginia
  • Book:
    Christianity and the Laws of Conscience
    Published online:
    12 June 2021
    Print publication:
    24 June 2021, pp 1-20

  • Summary

    Christians have wrestled with conscience from Christianity’s beginning to the present. Does it exist? Do religious and nonreligious people have it? Is conscience a subjective or objective reality? Christians have asked if it is God’s voice, human beings’ own voice, or the voice of the community. Is conscience found in natural law? Is it a combination of the mind, will, heart, and/or the soul? Is it a divine judgment or a self-evaluation? What are the consequences of following an erroneous conscience? Lately, questions have arisen about conscience in a pluralistic society. What ought to be the relationship between conscience and law? Commentators also struggle with questions about accommodating institutions’ conscience claims. Which institutions might qualify and why? Lawmakers also contend over conscience claims made by individuals concerning military service, or over state laws about family matters increasingly at odds with Christian commitments. This book explores sources having lasting influence upon questions about conscience, including the New Testament, Aquinas, Luther, Calvin, Roger Williams, US federal and state constitutions, and Pope Benedict XVI, among many others.

  • 8 - Toward a Theology of a Redeemed Conscience

  • from Part II - Conscience According to Major Figures and Traditions
  • Edited by Jeffrey B. Hammond, Helen M. Alvare, George Mason University, Virginia
  • Book:
    Christianity and the Laws of Conscience
    Published online:
    12 June 2021
    Print publication:
    24 June 2021, pp 152-169

  • Summary

    Jeffrey Hammond outlines a biblical theology of conscience. A Christian conscience is an ever-growing, recalibrating capacity of the regenerated (converted) person. Then, through the sanctifying work of the Holy Spirit, the Christian can seek to fulfill the great commands of the New Testament: to love God and love the neighbor. Working out these commands involves judgment of what to do in any given situation. However, in making any difficult judgment, the Christian is always aided by the “still, small” voice of the Holy Spirit, counselors, prayer, and the certain knowledge that the conscientious decision will always line up with the will of God as revealed in the Word of God. The redeemed conscience is one that is both bound and freed. The Christian is bound to follow the moral instruction in the New Testament, but at the same time, she is also freed to do it. The redeemed conscience is one that judges and will be judged by the God who perceives the deliberations of all consciences. The Christian, however, sensitive to the Spirit in both deciding and acting, can rest upon her decisions with a sense of equanimity and peace, knowing that she has faithfully exercised her conscience.

Christianity and the Laws of Conscience
  • An Introduction
  • Edited by Jeffrey B. Hammond, Helen M. Alvare
  • Published online:
    12 June 2021
    Print publication:
    24 June 2021
  • Conscience has long been a foundational theme in Christian ethics, but it is a notoriously slippery and contested term. This volume works to define conscience and reveal the similarities and differences between different Christian traditions' thinking on the subject. In a thorough and scholarly manner, the authors explore Christian theological, legal, constitutional, historical, and philosophical meanings of conscience. Covering a range of historical periods, major figures in the development of conscience, and contemporary applications, this book is a vital source for scholars from a wide variety of disciplines seeking to understand conscience from a range of perspectives.

  • PROTESTANT LEGAL THEORY? APOLOGY AND OBJECTIONS

  • Jeffrey B. Hammond
  • Journal:
    Journal of Law and Religion / Volume 32 / Issue 1 / March 2017
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    17 April 2017, pp. 86-92
    Print publication:
    March 2017
    • Article
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  • The academic interdisciplinary study of law and religion is in a unique place, brimming with hope and promise. This constellation of scholars, conferences, journals, academic centers, books and book series, and public interest law firms has matured considerably since the “path-breaking” commencement of the movement, the publication of Harold Berman's 1974 short book, The Interaction of Law and Religion. No longer can the study of law and religion be solely identified with the study of the First Amendment's religion clauses. Scholars have explored topics both large scale and fine grain in history, church law, the intersection of religious ethics and law, religion and international human rights law, and in other subareas of the field.

  • I SWEAR TO IT: OATHS AS FUNDAMENTAL LANGUAGE AND POWER

  • Jeffrey B. Hammond
  • Journal:
    Journal of Law and Religion / Volume 31 / Issue 1 / March 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    04 April 2016, pp. 92-98
    Print publication:
    March 2016

  • Edward Snowden, the systems analyst employed by a contractor for the United States National Security Agency, violated his contractual obligation to guard the nation's secrets and security procedures out of what he has argued was a higher obligation to preserve the privacy guaranteed to Americans by the United States Constitution and a conscientious objection to withholding information about violations of that privacy. Conscience can be conceived as a disposition of heart, mind, and will to act or refuse to act in the face of contravening authority, for what is a superior good in the mind of the actor, and always with the willingness to suffer for one's action or inaction. Snowden ultimately sought to divulge and disrupt programs of intelligence gathering and national security because of his convictions regarding nobler American ideals of liberty and privacy.

  • Mass Casualty Triage: An Evaluation of the Data and Development of a Proposed National Guideline

  • E. Brooke Lerner, Richard B. Schwartz, Phillip L. Coule, Eric S. Weinstein, David C. Cone, Richard C. Hunt, Scott M. Sasser, J Marc Liu, Nikiah G. Nudell, Ian S. Wedmore, Jeffrey Hammond, Eileen M. Bulger, Jeffrey P. Salomone, Teri L. Sanddal, Graydon C. Lord, David Markenson, Robert E. O'Connor
  • Journal:
    Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness / Volume 2 / Issue S1 / September 2008
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 April 2013, pp. S25-S34
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  • Mass casualty triage is a critical skill. Although many systems exist to guide providers in making triage decisions, there is little scientific evidence available to demonstrate that any of the available systems have been validated. Furthermore, in the United States there is little consistency from one jurisdiction to the next in the application of mass casualty triage methodology. There are no nationally agreed upon categories or color designations. This review reports on a consensus committee process used to evaluate and compare commonly used triage systems, and to develop a proposed national mass casualty triage guideline. The proposed guideline, entitled SALT (sort, assess, life-saving interventions, treatment and/or transport) triage, was developed based on the best available science and consensus opinion. It incorporates aspects from all of the existing triage systems to create a single overarching guide for unifying the mass casualty triage process across the United States. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2(Suppl 1):S25–S34)