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5 results

  • Individual placement and support for vocational recovery in first-episode psychosis: randomised controlled trial

  • Eóin Killackey, Kelly Allott, Henry J. Jackson, Rosanna Scutella, Yi-Ping Tseng, Jeff Borland, Tina-Marie Proffitt, Sally Hunt, Frances Kay-Lambkin, Gina Chinnery, Gennady Baksheev, Mario Alvarez-Jimenez, Patrick D. McGorry, Susan M. Cotton
  • Journal:
    The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 214 / Issue 2 / February 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    25 September 2018, pp. 76-82
    Print publication:
    February 2019
    • Article
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  • Background

    High unemployment is a hallmark of psychotic illness. Individual placement and support (IPS) may be effective at assisting the vocational recoveries of young people with first-episode psychosis (FEP).

    Aims

    To examine the effectiveness of IPS at assisting young people with FEP to gain employment (Australian and Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12608000094370).

    Method

    Young people with FEP (n = 146) who were interested in vocational recovery were randomised using computer-generated random permuted blocks on a 1:1 ratio to: (a) 6 months of IPS in addition to treatment as usual (TAU) or (b) TAU alone. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 6 months (end of intervention), 12 months and 18 months post-baseline by research assistants who were masked to the treatment allocations.

    Results

    At the end of the intervention the IPS group had a significantly higher rate of having been employed (71.2%) than the TAU group (48.0%), odds ratio 3.40 (95% CI 1.17–9.91, z = 2.25, P = 0.025). However, this difference was not seen at 12- and 18-month follow-up points. There was no difference at any time point on educational outcomes.

    Conclusions

    This is the largest trial to our knowledge on the effectiveness of IPS in FEP. The IPS group achieved a very high employment rate during the 6 months of the intervention. However, the advantage of IPS was not maintained in the long term. This seems to be related more to an unusually high rate of employment being achieved in the control group rather than a gross reduction in employment among the IPS group.

    Declaration of interest

    None.

  • The Impact of the 1896 Factory and Shops Act on the Labor Market of Victoria, Australia

  • Andrew J. Seltzer, Jeff Borland
  • Journal:
    The Journal of Economic History / Volume 78 / Issue 3 / September 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    07 September 2018, pp. 785-821
    Print publication:
    September 2018

  • This article examines the effects of the Victorian Factory and Shops Act, the first minimum wage law in Australia. The Act differed from modern minimum wage laws in that it established Special Boards, which set trade-specific minimum wage schedules. We use trade-level data on average wages and employment by gender and age to examine the effects of minimum wages. Although the minimum wages were binding, we find that the effects on employment were modest, at best. We speculate that this was because the Special Boards, which were comprised of industry insiders, closely matched the labor market for their trades.

  • 19 - Microeconomic reform

  • from Part 5 - Building the modern economy
  • Edited by Simon Ville, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Glenn Withers, Australian National University, Canberra
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Economic History of Australia
    Published online:
    05 September 2014
    Print publication:
    08 October 2014, pp 419-437

  • Summary

    Capital markets describe the set of arrangements that match borrowers to lenders. Sometimes the arrangement is direct, sometimes it takes place through an intermediary like a bank, and sometimes it takes place through a market like the stock market. This chapter deals with such external financing of expenditure in Australian history while noting that governments, households and businesses also finance much of their expenditure internally. Over the period 1788-1860 Australia developed a financial system well adapted to its economic structure. The Great Depression experience of the 1930s played a formative role, not because of the collapse of financial institutions, but because governments formed a view that they needed stronger tools to manage the economy more effectively. Australian corporate borrowing surged after liberalisation but has subsequently stabilised, with the gearing ratio of debt to equity rising from about 0.45 to more than 1 in the 1980s before falling sharply and stabilising at about 0.5.