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29 results

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  • Endogenous Political Legitimacy: The Tudor Roots of England’s Constitutional Governance

  • Avner Greif, Jared Rubin
  • Journal:
    The Journal of Economic History / Volume 84 / Issue 3 / September 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    25 October 2024, pp. 655-689
    Print publication:
    September 2024
    • Article
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  • This paper highlights the importance of endogenous changes in the foundations of legitimacy for political regimes. It focuses on the central role of legitimacy changes in the rise of constitutional monarchy in England. It first defines legitimacy and briefly elaborates a theoretical framework enabling a historical study of this unobservable variable. It proceeds to substantiate that the low-legitimacy, post-Reformation Tudor monarchs promoted Parliament to enhance their legitimacy, thereby changing the legislative process from the “crown and Parliament” to the “crown in Parliament” that still prevails in England. The break with Rome permanently altered England’s political development.

Rulers, Religion, and Riches
  • Why the West Got Rich and the Middle East Did Not
  • Jared Rubin
  • Published online:
    16 March 2017
    Print publication:
    16 February 2017
  • For centuries following the spread of Islam, the Middle East was far ahead of Europe. Yet, the modern economy was born in Europe. Why was it not born in the Middle East? In this book Jared Rubin examines the role that Islam played in this reversal of fortunes. It argues that the religion itself is not to blame; the importance of religious legitimacy in Middle Eastern politics was the primary culprit. Muslim religious authorities were given an important seat at the political bargaining table, which they used to block important advancements such as the printing press and lending at interest. In Europe, however, the Church played a weaker role in legitimizing rule, especially where Protestantism spread (indeed, the Reformation was successful due to the spread of printing, which was blocked in the Middle East). It was precisely in those Protestant nations, especially England and the Dutch Republic, where the modern economy was born.

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