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136 results

Page 1 of 7

  • Identifying targets for improvement using a nationally standardized survey: Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis in orthopedic surgery
  • Courtney E. Ierano, Karin Thursky, Caroline Marshall, Sonia Koning, Rodney James, Sandra Johnson, Nabeel Imam, Leon J. Worth, Trisha Peel
  • Journal: Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 41 / Issue 12 / December 2020
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 August 2020, pp. 1419-1428
  • Print publication: December 2020
  • View abstract
    Background:

    Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) is commonly administered in orthopedic procedures. Research regarding SAP appropriateness for specific orthopedic procedures is limited and is required to facilitate targeted orthopedic prescriber behavior change.

    Objectives:

    To describe SAP prescribing and appropriateness for orthopedic procedures in Australian hospitals.

    Design, setting, and participants:

    Multicenter, national, quality improvement study with retrospective analysis of data collected from Australian hospitals via Surgical National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey (Surgical NAPS) audits from January 1, 2016, to April 15, 2019, were analyzed.

    Methods:

    Logistic regression identified hospital, patient and surgical factors associated with appropriateness. Adjusted appropriateness was calculated from the multivariable model. Additional subanalyses were conducted on smaller subsets to calculate the adjusted appropriateness for specific orthopedic procedures.

    Results:

    In total, 140 facilities contributed to orthopedic audits in the Surgical NAPS, including 4,032 orthopedic surgical episodes and 6,709 prescribed doses. Overall appropriateness was low, 58.0% (n = 3,894). This differed for prescribed procedural (n = 3,978, 64.7%) and postprocedural doses (n = 2,731, 48.3%). The most common reasons for inappropriateness, when prophylaxis was required, was timing for procedural doses (50.9%) and duration for postprocedural prescriptions (49.8%). The adjusted appropriateness of each orthopedic procedure group was low for procedural SAP (knee surgery, 54.1% to total knee joint replacement, 74.1%). The adjusted appropriateness for postprocedural prescription was also low (from hand surgery, 40.7%, to closed reduction fractures, 68.7%).

    Conclusions:

    Orthopedic surgical specialties demonstrated differences across procedural and postprocedural appropriateness. The metric of appropriateness identifies targets for quality improvement and is meaningful for clinicians. Targeted quality improvement projects for orthopedic specialties need to be developed to support optimization of antimicrobial use.

  • The oldest hyolithids (Cambrian Series 2, Montezuman Stage) from the Iapetan margin of Laurentia
  • John S. Peel, Sebastian Willman, Steven J. Hageman
  • Journal: Journal of Paleontology / Volume 94 / Issue 4 / July 2020
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 April 2020, pp. 616-623
  • Print publication: July 2020
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  • View abstract

    The recent description of the nevadioid trilobite Buenellus chilhoweensis Webster and Hageman, 2018 established the presence of early Cambrian Montezuman Stage (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3) faunas in the Murray Shale of Chilhowee Mountain, Tennessee. The description recognized the oldest known age-diagnostic Cambrian trilobite from the Laurentian margin of the former Iapetus Ocean since Buenellus Blaker, 1988 is known otherwise only from the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte on the Innuitian margin of North Greenland. The bivalved arthropods Isoxys chilhoweanus Walcott, 1890 and Indota tennesseensis (Resser, 1938a) have also been described from the Murray Shale, but hyolithids appear to be the dominant body fossils in terms of diversity and abundance. Although poorly preserved, the hyolithids occurring together with Buenellus chilhoweensis are described to improve understanding of the Murray Shale biota. The hyolith assemblages of the Murray Shale and Sirius Passet Lagerstätte are not closely similar, although the poor preservation of both hinders comparison.

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