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The Political Economy of Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and the War on Terror

The Political Economy of Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and the War on Terror
  • Anne R. Bradley, Christopher J. Coyne, Abigail R. Hall
  • Published online:
    09 August 2023
    Print publication:
    31 August 2023
  • This Element explores the topics of terrorism, counterterrorism, and the US government's war on terror following the September 11, 2001 terror attacks. It draw on insights from Austrian and public choice economics. First, the foundations of the economics of terrorism are discussed emphasizing that the behaviors of terrorists and counter-terrorists are purposeful and goal-oriented. Then, the economics of counterterrorism policies and the importance of institutional change is considered. Next, the three dilemmas facing liberal societies as it relates to counterterrorism efforts is focused on. The Element then provides an assessment of the US government's war on terror. It discusses the origins of the war, discuss whether it can be judged a success or failure, and consider some of the main effects both abroad and within the United States. The final chapter concludes with a discussion of several areas for future research.

  • Evaluating automated electronic case report form data entry from electronic health records

  • Alex C. Cheng, Mary K. Banasiewicz, Jakea D. Johnson, Lina Sulieman, Nan Kennedy, Francesco Delacqua, Adam A. Lewis, Meghan M. Joly, Amanda J. Bistran-Hall, Sean Collins, Wesley H. Self, Matthew S. Shotwell, Christopher J. Lindsell, Paul A. Harris
  • Journal:
    Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 7 / Issue 1 / 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    14 December 2022, e29
    • Article
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      • Open access
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  • Background:

    Many clinical trials leverage real-world data. Typically, these data are manually abstracted from electronic health records (EHRs) and entered into electronic case report forms (CRFs), a time and labor-intensive process that is also error-prone and may miss information. Automated transfer of data from EHRs to eCRFs has the potential to reduce data abstraction and entry burden as well as improve data quality and safety.

    Methods:

    We conducted a test of automated EHR-to-CRF data transfer for 40 participants in a clinical trial of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We determined which coordinator-entered data could be automated from the EHR (coverage), and the frequency with which the values from the automated EHR feed and values entered by study personnel for the actual study matched exactly (concordance).

    Results:

    The automated EHR feed populated 10,081/11,952 (84%) coordinator-completed values. For fields where both the automation and study personnel provided data, the values matched exactly 89% of the time. Highest concordance was for daily lab results (94%), which also required the most personnel resources (30 minutes per participant). In a detailed analysis of 196 instances where personnel and automation entered values differed, both a study coordinator and a data analyst agreed that 152 (78%) instances were a result of data entry error.

    Conclusions:

    An automated EHR feed has the potential to significantly decrease study personnel effort while improving the accuracy of CRF data.

  • Teaching principles of translational science to a broad scientific audience using a case study approach: A pilot course from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences

  • Jessica M. Faupel-Badger, Amanda L. Vogel, Shadab F. Hussain, Christopher P. Austin, Matthew D. Hall, Elizabeth Ness, Philip Sanderson, Pramod S. Terse, Xin Xu, Krishna Balakrishnan, Samarjit Patnaik, Juan J. Marugan, Udo Rudloff, Marc Ferrer
  • Journal:
    Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 6 / Issue 1 / 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    21 March 2022, e66
    • Article
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  • There are numerous examples of translational science innovations addressing challenges in the translational process, accelerating progress along the translational spectrum, and generating solutions relevant to a wide range of human health needs. Examining these successes through an education lens can identify core principles and effective practices that lead to successful translational outcomes. The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) is identifying and teaching these core principles and practices to a broad audience via online courses in translational science which teach from case studies of NCATS-led or supported research initiatives. In this paper, we share our approach to the design of these courses and offer a detailed description of our initial course, which focused on a preclinical drug discovery and development project spanning academic and government settings. Course participants were from a variety of career stages and institutions. Participants rated the course high in overall value to them and in providing a unique window into the translational science process. We share our model for course development as well as initial findings from the course evaluation with the goal of continuing to stimulate development of novel education activities teaching foundational principles in translational science to a broad audience.

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