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5 results

  • Transdiagnostic comparisons of intellectual abilities and work outcome in patients with mental disorders: multicentre study

  • Chika Sumiyoshi, Kazutaka Ohi, Haruo Fujino, Hidenaga Yamamori, Michiko Fujimoto, Yuka Yasuda, Yota Uno, Junichi Takahashi, Kentaro Morita, Asuka Katsuki, Maeri Yamamoto, Yuko Okahisa, Ayumi Sata, Eiichi Katsumoto, Michihiko Koeda, Yoji Hirano, Masahito Nakataki, Junya Matsumoto, Kenichiro Miura, Naoki Hashimoto, Manabu Makinodan, Tsutomu Takahashi, Kiyotaka Nemoto, Toshifumi Kishimoto, Michio Suzuki, Tomiki Sumiyoshi, Ryota Hashimoto
  • Journal:
    BJPsych Open / Volume 8 / Issue 4 / July 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    03 June 2022, e98
    • Article
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  • Background

    Cognitive impairment is common in people with mental disorders, leading to transdiagnostic classification based on cognitive characteristics. However, few studies have used this approach for intellectual abilities and functional outcomes.

    Aims

    The present study aimed to classify people with mental disorders based on intellectual abilities and functional outcomes in a data-driven manner.

    Method

    Seven hundred and forty-nine patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression disorder or autism spectrum disorder and 1030 healthy control subjects were recruited from facilities in various regions of Japan. Two independent k-means cluster analyses were performed. First, intelligence variables (current estimated IQ, premorbid IQ, and IQ discrepancy) were included. Second, number of work hours per week was included instead of premorbid IQ.

    Results

    Four clusters were identified in the two analyses. These clusters were specifically characterised in terms of IQ discrepancy in the first cluster analysis, whereas the work variable was the most salient feature in the second cluster analysis. Distributions of clinical diagnoses in the two cluster analyses showed that all diagnoses were unevenly represented across the clusters.

    Conclusions

    Intellectual abilities and work outcomes are effective classifiers in transdiagnostic approaches. The results of our study also suggest the importance of diagnosis-specific strategies to support functional recovery in people with mental disorders.

  • Validation of a food-frequency questionnaire for cohort studies in rural Japan

  • Keiko Ogawa, Yoshitaka Tsubono, Yoshikazu Nishino, Yoko Watanabe, Takayoshi Ohkubo, Takao Watanabe, Haruo Nakatsuka, Nobuko Takahashi, Mieko Kawamura, Ichiro Tsuji, Shigeru Hisamichi
  • Journal:
    Public Health Nutrition / Volume 6 / Issue 2 / April 2003
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 January 2007, pp. 147-157
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  • Objectives:

    To examine the validity and reproducibility of a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) used for two cohort studies in Japan.

    Design:

    Cross-sectional study.

    Setting:

    Two rural towns in the Miyagi Prefecture, in north-eastern Japan.

    Subjects:

    Fifty-five men and 58 women.

    Results:

    A 40-item FFQ was administered twice, 1 year apart. In the mean time, four 3-day diet records (DRs) were collected in four seasons within the year. We calculated daily consumption of total energy and 15 nutrients, 40 food items and nine food groups from the FFQs and the DRs. We computed Spearman correlation coefficients between the FFQs and the DRs. With adjustment for age, total energy and deattenuation for measurement error with the DRs, the correlation coefficients for nutrient intakes ranged from 0.25 to 0.58 in men and from 0.30 to 0.69 in women, with median of 0.43 and 0.43, respectively. Median (range) of the correlation coefficients was 0.35 (−0.30 to 0.72) in men and 0.34 (−0.06 to 0.75) in women for food items and 0.60 (−0.10 to 0.76) and 0.51 (0.28–0.70) for food groups, respectively. Median (range) of the correlation coefficients for the two FFQs administered 1 year apart was 0.49 (0.31–0.71) in men and 0.50 (0.40–0.64) in women for nutrients, 0.43 (0.14–0.76) and 0.45 (0.06–0.74) respectively for food items, and 0.50 (0.30–0.70) and 0.57 (0.39–0.66) respectively for food groups. Relatively higher agreement percentages for intakes of nutrients and food groups with high validity were obtained together with lower complete disagreement percentages.

    Conclusions:

    The FFQ has a high reproducibility and a reasonably good validity, and is useful in assessing the usual intakes of nutrients, foods and food groups among a rural Japanese population.

  • Non-insulin- and insulin-mediated glucose uptake in dairy cows

  • MICHAEL T. ROSE, YOSHIAKI OBARA, FUMIAKI ITOH, HARUO HASHIMOTO, YUJI TAKAHASHI
  • Journal:
    Journal of Dairy Research / Volume 64 / Issue 3 / August 1997
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 August 1997, pp. 341-353
    Print publication:
    August 1997

  • Four mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows (mean milk yield on day of experiments 26·1 kg/d) were used in a series of experiments to establish the contribution of non-insulin-mediated glucose uptake to total glucose uptake at basal insulin concentrations. A secondary objective was to determine whether somatostatin affects the action of infused insulin. In part I of the experiment a primed continuous infusion of [6,6-2H]glucose (45·2 μg/kg per min) was begun at time 0 and continued for 5 h. After 3 h of [6,6-2H]glucose infusion (basal period) a primed continuous infusion of insulin (0·001 i.u./kg per min) was administered for 2 h. Coincident with the insulin infusion, normal glucose was also infused in order to maintain the plasma glucose concentration at euglycaemia. Part II of the experiment was the same as part I except that somatostatin was infused for 2 h (0·333 μg/kg per min) instead of insulin. In part III of the experiment both insulin and somatostatin were infused for the final 2 h. Plasma insulin levels were increased by insulin infusion (to 0·1476 and 0·1290 i.u./l for parts I and III respectively) and were reduced by somatostatin infusion in part II (to 0·006 i.u./l) relative to the basal periods (mean 0·021 i.u./l). Glucose uptake during somatostatin infusion (2·50 mg/kg per min; part II) was 92·0% of that observed in the respective basal period (2·72 mg/kg per min). Circulating insulin levels were much lower than the dose of insulin that causes a half maximal effect on glucose uptake (0·06–0·10 i.u./l for ruminants); consequently insulin-mediated glucose uptake was probably absent in part II. Secondly, glucose uptake following insulin only infusion (4·05 mg/kg per min) was significantly lower than that observed when insulin plus somatostatin was infused (4·69 mg/kg per min), indicating that somatostatin either directly or indirectly enhanced the action of insulin on glucose uptake.