After an outbreak of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 (pH1N1) virus, we had previously reported the emergence of a recombinant canine influenza virus (CIV) between the pH1N1 virus and the classic H3N2 CIV. Our ongoing routine surveillance isolated another reassortant H3N2 CIV carrying the matrix gene of the pH1N1 virus from 2012. The infection dynamics of this H3N2 CIV variant (CIV/H3N2mv) were investigated in dogs and ferrets via experimental infection and transmission. The CIV/H3N2mv-infected dogs and ferrets produced typical symptoms of respiratory disease, virus shedding, seroconversion, and direct-contact transmissions. Although indirect exposure was not presented for ferrets, CIV/H3N2mv presented higher viral replication in MDCK cells and more efficient transmission was observed in ferrets compared to classic CIV H3N2. This study demonstrates the effect of reassortment of the M gene of pH1N1 in CIV H3N2.

The effect of MnO on the electrical properties of Nb-doped SrTiO3 was investigated to understand the electronic states of grains and grain boundaries. Grain size and dielectric constant were decreased with increasing Mn-doped content from 0 to 0.07 mol%. However, it was observed that the non-linearity coefficient of Nb-doped SrTiO3 was changed from 5 to 43 with Mn-doped content increasing from 0 to 0.03 mol%. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurement, complex plane analysis and impedance spectroscopy were performed to obtain the information about the electrical properties of grains and grain boundaries. The potential barrier height increased and the donor concentration decreased with increasing Mn-doped content. This phenomena, that the electrical properties of Nb-doped SrTiO3 were changed with the addition of Mn, would be determined by the effect which Mn-2-3 substituted for Ti sites. It was observed that the breakdown voltage of single grain boundary was changed from 3.8 V to 8.9 V when measured by micro-electrode method.