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15 results

  • A Natural Clay Organic Complex from Andalusian Black Earth

  • J. L. Perez Rodriguez, Armin Weiss, Gerhard Lagaly
  • Journal:
    Clays and Clay Minerals / Volume 25 / Issue 3 / June 1977
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 July 2024, pp. 243-251
    • Article
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  • Protein complexes of smectites in soils are difficult to detect if the usual smectite tests show no peculiarities. Andalusian black earths are typical examples. Investigation of the alkylam-monium derivatives, however, allows detection of adhered macromolecules which might be protein-like although this cannot be proved exactly.

    Investigation of artificial clay-protein complexes reveals different types of clay protein interactions. Calcium smectites adsorb proteins mainly on the external surfaces, the macromolecules being anchored in the interlayer spaces. Sodium smectites give partial crystalline products in which the silicate layers are distributed in the protein matrix.

    Exchange of alkylammonium ions can be used as a tool for detection of the protein. If this is adsorbed on external surfaces (calcium smectites) the increased layer separation during the cation exchange enables the macromolecules to slip between the layers and the basal spacing of the alkylammonium derivatives are changed in characteristic ways. The partial crystalline sodium clay-protein complexes are reorganized by alkylammonium ions to regular structures. The proteins are not displaced completely from the silicate surfaces so that the basal spacing of the alkylammonium derivatives are enhanced in comparison with pure montmorillonite.

German Culture in Nineteenth-Century America
  • Reception, Adaptation, Transformation
  • With contributions by Eric Ames , Kirsten Belgum , Jeffrey A. Grossman , Robert C. Holub , Claudia Liebrand , Paul Michael Luetzeler , Linda Rugg , Jeffery L. Sammons , Hinrich C. Seeba , Lorie A. Vanchena , Gerhard Weiss and Gerhild Scholz Williams
  • Edited by Matt Erlin, Lynne Tatlock
  • Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    13 April 2017
    Print publication:
    12 November 2005
  • Building on recent trends in the humanities and especially on scholarship done under the rubric of cultural transfer, this volume emphasizes the processes by which Americans took up, responded to, and transformed German cultural material for their own purposes. The fourteen essays by scholars from the US and Germany treat such topics as translation, the reading of German literature in America, the adaptation of German ideas and educational ideals, the reception and transformation of European genres of writing, and the status of the "German" and the "European" in celebrations of American culture and criticisms of American racism. The volume contributes to the ongoing re-conception of American culture as significantly informed by non-English-speaking European cultures. It also participates in the efforts of historians and literary scholars to re-theorize the construction of national cultures. Questions regarding hybridity, cultural agency, and strategies of acculturation have long been at the center of postcolonial studies, but as this volume demonstrates, these phenomena are not merely operative in encounters between colonizers and colonized: they are also fundamental to the early American reception and appropriation of German cultural materials.

    Contributors: Hinrich C. Seeba, Eric Ames, Claudia Liebrand, Paul Michael Lützeler, Kirsten Belgum, Robert C. Holub, Jeffrey Grossman, Jeffrey L. Sammons, Linda Rugg, Gerhild Scholz Williams, Gerhard Weiss, Lorie Vanchena.

    Lynne Tatlock is Hortense and Tobias Lewin Distinguished Professor in the Humanities andMatt Erlin is Assistant Professor in the Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures, both at Washington University in St. Louis.

  • The Americanization of Franz Lieber and the Encyclopedia Americana

  • from 4 - Immigration and Naturalization Acts
  • With contributions by Eric Ames , Kirsten Belgum , Jeffrey A. Grossman , Robert C. Holub , Claudia Liebrand , Paul Michael Luetzeler , Linda Rugg , Jeffery L. Sammons , Hinrich C. Seeba , Lorie A. Vanchena , Gerhard Weiss and Gerhild Scholz Williams
  • Edited by Matt Erlin, Assistant Professor in the Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA, Lynne Tatlock, Hortense and Tobias Lewin Distinguished Professor in the Humanities at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
  • Book:
    German Culture in Nineteenth-Century America
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    13 April 2017
    Print publication:
    12 November 2005, pp 273-288

  • Summary

    Franz Lieber or, as he preferred to call himself after his arrival in New York on 20 June 1827, Francis Lieber, is one of the most brilliant and fascinating German-Americans of the nineteenth century. The New York Tribune of 19 October 1860 praised him on its front page as “one of the most eminent citizens that Germany had furnished the United States,” and he was eulogized as “one of the profoundest and clearest writers upon political science of the present century, one of the chief ornaments of the world of letters, the expounder of the principles of civil liberty, and one of the truly great men of his adopted country.” Yet, in spite of yesterday's fame, today Lieber has been largely forgotten, and in histories of German immigration he is only briefly mentioned and sometimes totally ignored. He is certainly not part of the canon of favorite German-Americans cited by local German clubs. Yes, there is still a building called “Lieber College” on the campus of the University of South Carolina, where Francis Lieber taught from 1835 to 1856 and even served as Interim President for one year. It had been Lieber's residence since 1836, but today many of the locals do not know after whom it was named. There is also a “Lieber Correctional Institution” in Ridgeville, South Carolina, honoring Lieber's substantial work on prison reform, but most likely neither inmates nor wardens are aware of Francis's contributions to penology.

    Lieber is remembered primarily by specialists in the fields of political science and international law. He has been the focus of a number of symposia, as for example in Jena in 1993, and most recently, at the University of South Carolina (2001). Indeed, Lieber is often referred to as the “father of political science,” and the 1990 edition of the Brockhaus Encyclopädie states that political science as an academic discipline in the United States may be traced back to Lieber.

    The literature on Lieber is sparse. There are a number of journal articles, some focusing on specific letter collections, others offering critical analyses of Lieber's life and work. Most of them were written between the 1880s and the 1930s.

  • Agent orientation in software engineering

  • GERHARD WEIß
  • Journal:
    The Knowledge Engineering Review / Volume 16 / Issue 4 / December 2001
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 August 2002, pp. 349-373

  • Agent-Oriented Software Engineering (AOSE) is rapidly emerging in response to urgent needs in both software engineering and agent-based computing. While these two disciplines coexisted without remarkable interaction until some years ago, today there is rich and fruitful interaction among them and various approaches are available that bring together techniques, concepts and ideas from both sides. This article offers a guide to the broad body of literature on AOSE. The guide, which is intended to be of value to both researchers and practitioners, is structured according to key issues and key topics that arise when dealing with AOSE: methods and frameworks for requirements engineering, analysis, design, and implementation; languages for programming, communication and coordination and ontology specification; and development tools and platforms.