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20 results

  • Protecting the workers: The medical board and the asbestos industry, 1930s–1960s

  • Geoffrey Tweedale, Philip Hansen
  • Journal:
    Medical History / Volume 42 / Issue 4 / October 1998
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 August 2012, pp. 439-457
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  • Piercing the Corporate Veil: Cape Industries and Multinational Corporate Liability for a Toxic Hazard, 1950–2004

  • Geoffrey Tweedale, Laurie Flynn
  • Journal:
    Enterprise & Society / Volume 8 / Issue 2 / June 2007
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    18 February 2015, pp. 268-296
    Print publication:
    June 2007

  • The ‘corporate veil’ refers to the separation of legal identity between parent firms and their subsidiaries, which gives the parent protection against the liabilities of its subsidiaries. Fearing that such liability protection would facilitate illicit activity, early twentieth century courts, especially in America, would sometimes ‘pierce’ the corporate veil. This article explores Adams v. Cape (1990), in which American plaintiffs attempted to persuade the English courts to lift the corporate veil and impose liability for industrial disease on Cape Industries, a leading U.K. asbestos manufacturer. This landmark case shows how corporate strategy can be closely intertwined with international corporate law and occupational health and safety issues. It also highlights how limited liability law and separate legal personality can result in significant injustice to claimants against multinational enterprises.

  • Geology and industrial consultancy: Sir William Boyd Dawkins (1837–1929) and the Kent Coalfield

  • Geoffrey Tweedale
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 24 / Issue 4 / December 1991
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, pp. 435-451
    Print publication:
    December 1991

  • In Britain's development as the first industrial nation, the crucial importance of surveyors, mining engineers and geologists in prospecting and exploiting minerals and raw materials seems self-evident. Yet historians of geology have yet to take proper account of this aspect of geological science. Why is this ? One reason may simply be that the historiography of the subject itself is only relatively recent and many areas, besides industrial geology, await coverage. Or perhaps the nature of the source material is to blame. While scientific geologists filled museums with their fossils and notebooks, engaged in well-publicized controversies of the day, and wrote numerous books and articles, industrial geologists often left relatively few papers and sometimes never published their results. On the other hand, it has been suggested that the neglect of economic geology may be due to a rapidly developing bias in the subject itself. A recent study has highlighted the fact that the history of British geology, as seen through the eyes of historians at least, appears to comprise two different but closely interconnected strands. The first relates to natural history and looks toward the scientific or ‘pure’ front; the second connects with mining and the search for raw materials and is slanted towards the industrial or ‘applied’ horizon. In the same way that the scientific branch of geology brought fame and fortune in Victorian times, so the protagonists of ‘pure’ geology have so far been the chief interest of historians – so much so that the literature so far lacks detailed case studies of the careers and work of applied geologists.