To determine whether increased physiological arousal immediately after trauma or at emergency admission can predict post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in motor vehicle accident (MVA) survivors with physical injuries.

We included 119 MVA survivors with physical injuries. In this prospective cohort study, heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were assessed during ambulance transport (T1) and at hospital admission (T2). One and four months after the accident, we assessed patients for PTSD (Davidson trauma scale, confirmed with the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders). Multivariate logistic regression models assessed the relationship between HR or BP and PTSD.

PTSD was diagnosed in 54 (45.4%) patients at 1 month and in 39 (32.8%) at 4 months. In the multivariate analysis, HR at T1 or at T2 predicted PTSD at 1 month (OR=1.156, 95% CI [1.094;1.221] p < 0.0001). Only HR at T1 (not at T2) predicted PTSD at 4 months (OR=1.059, 95% CI [1.013; 1.108] p = 0.012). Injury severity predicted PTSD at 4 months (OR=1.207, 95% CI [1.085; 1.342] p = 0.001). A cut-off of 84 beats per minute yielded a sensitivity of 62.5% and a specificity of 75.0% for PTSD.

HR measured at the scene of MVA and severity of injury predicted PTSD 4 months later.

Several studies suggest that severe mental illness is associated with tobacco smoking.

In this study, we measure the frequency of tobacco smokers in a sample of 149 severe mental illness inpatients. We compare the tobacco smoking rate with the general population one and with other studies rates.

65 (43%) of the 149 patients were female and 84 (57%) male. The main diagnoses of the studied population was schizophrenia (80%).The main finding was that according to other studies, the percentage of smokers in our hospital 65 (43%) was consistently high and greater than in general population. Only 9 (13%) of the smokers group were women.

Tobacco smoking rate is higher in psychiatric inpatients than in general population.

The aim of this study was to asses the impact of different psychological and/or biological effects in the recovery from surgery.

The sample was composed of 42 patients waiting for a surgical intervention. Patients with cognitive impairment were removed from the sample. Prior to surgical intervention (48 to 72 hours), patients were administered the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (Millon, 1986) and salivary cortisol were measured 24 hours before surgery. Following surgical intervention, recovery was coded as good or poor accordingly to Moix et als criteria (1995). Dietary intake, resting and sleeping hours, as well as the existence of fever, perceived pain and related surgery complications were daily registered and controlled for.

The cortisol values were increased in patients with high score in Histrionic Scale (t = 2.10, p = 0.043). There was a significant relation between personality, cortisol and recovery. the patients with low score in Dependent Scale (t = 2.33, p = 0.029), Histrionic Scale ( t = 2.51, p = 0.020), Alcohol Dependence Scale (t = 2.01, p = 0.049), Drug Dependence Scale (t = 2.08, p = 0.050) and cortisol show better recovery from surgery.

The results of this study indicate that psychological factors and levels of cortisol may have a critical rol in post-operatory recovery. Taking these data into account, it seems necessary to assess psychopathology on a regular basis in all the patients waiting for surgically interventions.

There is an excess of death from natural causes among people with major psychiatric disorders. Several reasons have been argued to explain this excess of death (Antipsychotic Agents, high nicotine dependence…).

Our objective was to examine and compare mortality rates in a historical cohort study of 166 psychiatric inpatients along one year.

Mortality rates were examined in our cohort of patients from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2003.

11(6.62%) patients died along the year studied. Only 2 (18%) of the died patient were women. The main cause of mortality in our cohort of patients was cardiovascular diseases.

Inpatients with major psychiatric disorders appear to be at greater risk for cardiovascular mortality than those in the general population.

The side effects of the various antidepressant drugs on the sexual field (with very few exceptions) are well known, and they affect the quality of life in important manners. The incidence rate, communicated spontaneously by the patient, has been estimated around 10–15%, and can reach amounts of 50–60% with SSRIs when studied specifically. It has been suggested that these effects compromise treatment adherence.

To estimate the incidence and intensity of the side effects on the sexual field with different antidepressants, as well as its relationship with treatment adherence.

Transversal study on 50 patients assisted in medical consultation. Collection of data in office (October 2014–October 2015).

Administration of survey PRSexDQ-SALSEX. In order to research the relationship with treatment adherence, one question surveyed the patient whether he/she had thought about finishing treatment for this reason.

Twenty-nine patients (58% of the sample) presented some degree of sexual dysfunction. Five individuals (17.2%) communicated it spontaneously. Nine individuals (31%) responded that they did not accept positively the changes in their sexual field, and they had thought about withdrawing treatment for this reason. They were given the test of self-compliance statement (Haynes-Sackett), with a result of four non-compliant (44.4%). The most frequently involved drugs were fluoxetine (n = 5, 10% of the sample total) and paroxetine (n = 4, 8%).

The high impact of sexual side effects with a low rate of spontaneous communication coincides with previous existent studies.

Limitation when estimating adhesion due to methodological difficulties in the design of the study. However, high impression by using the selected method of determination.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The use of drugs to improve cognitive performance (pharmacological enhancement) is a practice that increases in frequency, especially in individuals with a high degree of academic education, university students, and workforce with high responsibilities. Legal substances such as alcohol and caffeine, prescription drugs such as modafinil or methylphenidate and some illegal drugs such as amphetamines or cannabis are utilized to improve cognitive performance, maintain wakefulness, or induce sleep. Perception of risk is low in many cases. Internet has facilitated the illicit access to prescription drugs with astonishing ease.

We want to exemplify through a clinical case, how the access to some of these substances through internet is very easy, and how, in this case, the use of Modafinil (drug indicated for narcolepsy) with the objective of maintaining academic performance aggravates symptoms of anxiety in a 22-year universitary patient.

Exposition of clinical case in the poster.

The use of substances (“smart drugs”) presents risks for both physical and psychological health that sometimes are not perceived by the user. It is surprising that a highly educated individual has taken Modafinil without researching for a deep understanding of the side effects of the drug.

Internet access of regulated substances that should only be prescribed by a physician to be used on very concrete symptoms is extremely easy. In the case of the Modafinil, it is possible to access its purchase by simply searching the words “purchase/buy Modafinil” in any internet browser.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Social cognition has been associated with functional outcome in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP). Social cognition has also been associated with neurocognition and cognitive reserve. Although cognitive reserve, neurocognitive functioning, social cognition, and functional outcome are related, the direction of their associations is not clear. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to analyze the influence of social cognition as a mediator between cognitive reserve and cognitive domains on functioning in FEP both at baseline and at 2 years.

The sample of the study was composed of 282 FEP patients followed up for 2 years. To analyze whether social cognition mediates the influence of cognitive reserve and cognitive domains on functioning, a path analysis was performed. The statistical significance of any mediation effects was evaluated by bootstrap analysis.

At baseline, as neither cognitive reserve nor the cognitive domains studied were related to functioning, the conditions for mediation were not satisfied. Nevertheless, at 2 years of follow-up, social cognition acted as a mediator between cognitive reserve and functioning. Likewise, social cognition was a mediator between verbal memory and functional outcome. The results of the bootstrap analysis confirmed these significant mediations (95% bootstrapped CI (−10.215 to −0.337) and (−4.731 to −0.605) respectively).

Cognitive reserve and neurocognition are related to functioning, and social cognition mediates in this relationship.

Few previous studies in Latin America (LA) have provided data on dietary intake composition with a standardized methodology. The present study aimed to characterize energy intake (EI) and to describe the main food sources of energy in representative samples of the urban population from eight LA countries from the Latin American Study in Nutrition and Health (ELANS).

Cross-sectional study. Usual dietary intake was assessed with two non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls.

Urban areas from eight countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela), September 2014 to July 2015.

Adolescents and adults aged 15–65 years. Final sample comprised 9218 individuals, of whom 6648 (72·1 %) were considered plausible reporters.

Overall, mean EI was 8196 kJ/d (1959 kcal/d), with a balanced distribution of macronutrients (54 % carbohydrate, 30 % fat, 16 % protein). Main food sources of energy were grains, pasta and bread (28 %), followed by meat and eggs (19 %), oils and fats (10 %), non-alcoholic homemade beverages (6 %) and ready-to-drink beverages (6 %). More than 25 % of EI was provided from food sources rich in sugar and fat, like sugary drinks, pastries, chips and candies. Meanwhile, only 18 % of EI was from food sources rich in fibre and micronutrients, such as whole grains, roots, fruits, vegetables, beans, fish and nuts. No critical differences were observed by gender or age.

Public health efforts oriented to diminish consumption of refined carbohydrates, meats, oils and sugar and to increase nutrient dense-foods are a priority in the region to drive to a healthier diet.