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5 results

  • 26 - Massive Hemoptysis

  • from Section 5 - Respiratory Emergencies
  • Edited by Kaushal Shah, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, Jarone Lee, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
  • Edited in association with Clark G. Owyang, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, Benjamin Christian Renne, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
  • Book:
    Practical Emergency Resuscitation and Critical Care
    Published online:
    02 November 2023
    Print publication:
    23 November 2023, pp 234-241

  • Summary

    Hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood from the respiratory tract that originates from below the vocal cords. The definition of what is considered “massive hemoptysis” has evolved. Previously proposed volumes of blood ranged anywhere from 200 to 1000 mL over 24 hours. Recently there has been a shift toward considering as “massive” any hemoptysis that causes clinical consequences of respiratory failure, airway obstruction or hypotension.

  • 32 - Acute respiratory distress syndrome

  • from Section 5 - Respiratory emergencies
  • Edited by Kaushal Shah, Jarone Lee, Kamal Medlej, American University of Beirut, Scott D. Weingart
  • Book:
    Practical Emergency Resuscitation and Critical Care
    Published online:
    05 November 2013
    Print publication:
    24 October 2013, pp 213-217

  • Summary

    This chapter discusses the diagnosis, evaluation and management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). ACS is a spectrum of disease and can present as acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or unstable angina (UA). There are four main elements in the diagnosis of ACS: clinical history, physical examination, electrocardiogram findings and cardiac biomarkers. Any patient with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) should undergo reperfusion with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 90 minutes of presentation. Fibrinolytics should be used for patients unable to undergo PCI within the recommended timeframe. Beta-antagonists have been shown to benefit post-MI patients within 24 hours of the initial event when administered orally. ACE inhibitors are also recommended within 24 hours post event, but not in the immediate treatment of ACS. The three most common reasons for decompensation of the ACS patient include cardiac arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock with congestive heart failure, and mechanical complications.