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391 results

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  • Migration and community in Bronze Age Orkney: innovation and continuity at the Links of Noltland
  • Hazel Moore, Graeme Wilson, Mairead Ni Challanain, Maeve McCormick, Peter D. Marshall, Katharina Dulias, M. George B. Foody, Pierre Justeau, Maria Pala, Martin B. Richards, Ceiridwen J. Edwards
  • Journal: Antiquity / Volume 96 / Issue 387 / June 2022
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 30 March 2022, pp. 541-559
  • Print publication: June 2022
    • Article
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    The remarkable archaeological record of Neolithic Orkney has ensured that these islands play a prominent role in narratives of European late prehistory, yet knowledge of the subsequent Bronze Age is comparatively poor. The Bronze Age settlement and cemetery at the Links of Noltland, on the island of Westray, offers new evidence, including aDNA, that points to a substantial population replacement between the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age. Focusing on funerary practice, the authors argue for interconnecting identities centred on household and community, patrilocality and inheritance. The findings prompt a reconsideration of the Orcadian Bronze Age, with wider implications for population movement and the uptake of cultural innovations more widely across prehistoric north-western Europe.

  • 27 - Ecclesiastical Discipline: Heresy, Magic, and Superstition
  • from Crimen
  • Edited by Anders Winroth, Universitetet i Oslo, John C. Wei
  • Book: The Cambridge History of Medieval Canon Law
  • Published online: 13 January 2022
  • Print publication: 27 January 2022, pp 511-536
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    Summary

    Most of the medieval canon law dealing with heresy, magic, and superstition is found in CC. 23–26 of Gratian’s Decretum, the so-called causae hereticorum, also in C. 33 q. 1, in book 5 of the Liber extra of Gregory IX, in later decretals and conciliar canons, and in the broad literature of canonist commentaries discussed elsewhere in this volume. In one sense, of course, these offenses belong to criminal law and fall into the categories of criminal legal procedure and of mixed temporal and spiritual jurisdiction. In another sense they constitute unique problems of theology, including demonology, and therefore influenced canon law in perhaps more complex ways than some other topics

  • From transparency to accountability of intelligent systems: Moving beyond aspirations
  • Rebecca Williams, Richard Cloete, Jennifer Cobbe, Caitlin Cottrill, Peter Edwards, Milan Markovic, Iman Naja, Frances Ryan, Jatinder Singh, Wei Pang
  • Journal: Data & Policy / Volume 4 / 2022
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 February 2022, e7
  • Print publication: 2022
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    A number of governmental and nongovernmental organizations have made significant efforts to encourage the development of artificial intelligence in line with a series of aspirational concepts such as transparency, interpretability, explainability, and accountability. The difficulty at present, however, is that these concepts exist at a fairly abstract level, whereas in order for them to have the tangible effects desired they need to become more concrete and specific. This article undertakes precisely this process of concretisation, mapping how the different concepts interrelate and what in particular they each require in order to move from being high-level aspirations to detailed and enforceable requirements. We argue that the key concept in this process is accountability, since unless an entity can be held accountable for compliance with the other concepts, and indeed more generally, those concepts cannot do the work required of them. There is a variety of taxonomies of accountability in the literature. However, at the core of each account appears to be a sense of “answerability”; a need to explain or to give an account. It is this ability to call an entity to account which provides the impetus for each of the other concepts and helps us to understand what they must each require.

The Cambridge Stravinsky Encyclopedia
  • The Cambridge Stravinsky Encyclopedia
  • Edited by Edward Campbell, Peter O'Hagan
  • Published online: 30 September 2021
  • Print publication: 12 August 2021
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    Igor Stravinsky is one of a small number of early modernist composers whose music epitomises the stylistic crisis of twentieth-century music, from the Russian nationalist heritage of the early works, the neo-classical works which anticipate the stylistic diversity of the contemporary musical scene in the early twenty-first century and the integration of serial techniques during his final period. With entries written by more than fifty international contributors from Russian, European and American traditions, The Cambridge Stravinsky Encyclopedia presents multiple perspectives on the life, works, writings and aesthetic relationships of this multi-faceted creative artist. This important resource explores Stravinsky's relationships with virtually all the major artistic figures of his time, painters, dramatists, choreographers and producers as well musicians and brings together fresh insights into to the life and work of one of the twentieth century's greatest composers.

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