After refusing the belief that a voluntary interruption of pregnancy (VIP) must necessarily lead to depression, the paper reports the clinical observation according to which, after a VIP, guilt feelings leading to depression may but do not have to inevitably arise in women, in their partners, in medical staff.

These kind of guilt feelings are centred on the self accusation of having taken away the possibility of a life to a child. So the point is whether the embryo and the fetus can be considered scientifically human life.

Surprisingly, it was psychiatry that gave an important answer to this relevant issue. As a matter of fact, the so-called Birth Theory - which has been laid down by the Italian Psychiatrist and Psychotherapist Massimo Fagioli since 1972 – is hard-and-fast as to this point; human life presupposes a psychic activity which is absent in the fetus.

According to this theory, the fetus is a biological existence which becomes a potential human being from the 22nd/24th week of pregnancy only. Such a potentiality of the fetus can occur only at the very moment of birth when the first stimulation of the retina, caused by the light, originates a transformation of the brain functioning, generating the beginning of its psychic activity in a specific form defined by the author as’imaginative capability’.

It is even more surprising that the Birth Theory, initially elaborated on the basis of clinical observations and deductive reasoning, has recently received important, increasing backing from fetal and neonatal neurology.

In 1962 ‘Some notes on paranoidal and schizophrenic delusional perception’ by the Italian psychiatrist Fagioli has been published. After having left the Psychiatric Hospital in Venice and a neurobiological approach, Fagioli studied clinical phenomenology in Padua. He was inclined to criticize the neurological pathogenesis in Psychiatry. His approach made him introducing in the Schneider's delusional perception a study that focused on a delusional meaning attribution as simultaneous to the act of a normal perceiving.

The simultaneity of both perception and meaning attribution has been remarked as reaction to an environmental stimulus, but, differently from classical psychopathology, in this reaction the perception is not altered, while the thought is. Moreover, we have to observe that thought is connected to reality and to the affective state.

This theoretical position could be distinguished from the classical psychopathological vision, that considers the delusional perception such as an alteration of perception, like can be observed in neurological damage, or considers the perception as normal but not understandable (‘ohne Anlass’). The idea of a thought reaction determined a view to a second level of thought, beyond the consciousness. So that in 1971 Fagioli formulated the annulment drive (‘pulsione di annullamento’), a psychic reaction to a disappointing stimulus from the human affective environment. Since this mechanism, a psychopathological process can originate.

In our opinion, the ‘pulsione di annullamento’, being an immediate and non-conscious activity toward the human reality out of the subject, goes into delusional perception concept of simultaneity in more depth.

Intracluster light is contributed by both stars and gas and it is an important tracer of the interaction history of galaxies within a cluster. We present here the results obtained from MUSE observations of an intermediate redshift (z~ 0.5) cluster taken from the XXL survey and we conclude that the most plausible process responsible for the observed amount of ICL is ram pressure stripping.

We present extensive photometric and spectroscopic study to give a new insight in the bulge stellar population. Super-solar α/Fe and its constant value along the radial profile, in most of the galaxies, suggest that the star formation in these objects has been fast and occurred at the same time in the whole bulge.

We present extensive photometric and spectroscopic study to give a new insight in the bulge stellar population. Super-solar α/Fe and its constant value along the radial profile, in most of the galaxies, suggest that the star formation in these objects has been fast and occurred at the same time in the whole bulge.

We present extensive photometric and spectroscopic study to give a new insight in the bulge stellar population. Super-solar α/Fe and its constant value along the radial profile, in most of the galaxies, suggest that the star formation in these objects has been fast and occurred at the same time in the whole bulge.