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2 results

  • New Zealand Caregiver Knowledge of Paediatric Traumatic Brain Injury

  • Dawn Willix-Payne, Nicola Starkey, Kelly Jones
  • Journal:
    Brain Impairment / Volume 21 / Issue 1 / March 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 June 2019, pp. 47-64
  • Background:

    Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common among children. However, their caregivers’ knowledge and understanding of symptoms may influence how the injury is managed.

    Primary objective:

    To investigate the knowledge of New Zealand (NZ) parents about TBI and concussion.

    Method and procedures:

    Parents (n = 205) of children aged 5–13 years completed a pen-and-paper or online survey containing questions examining their knowledge of TBI terminology, TBI symptoms and knowledge about concussion management.

    Main outcomes and results:

    A high proportion (61%) of parents did not think that a concussion was the same as a brain injury. Loss of consciousness (LOC) was the most endorsed symptom of TBI. However, 69% of participants were aware that TBI could occur without LOC. On average, parents correctly identified 19.5 (67.3%) of the 29 symptoms of TBI, but also identified 2.0 (11.9%) of the 17 distractor symptoms as being TBI related. Demographic factors and experience of TBI/concussion were associated with TBI symptom identification accuracy and concussion knowledge.

    Conclusions:

    Further education of parents is needed to ensure they recognise the signs and symptoms of concussion/mild TBI so that they can make informed decisions on how best to manage their child’s injury.

  • Production from dairy cows of semi-industrial quantities of milk-protein concentrate (MPC) containing efficacious anti-Candida albicans IgA antibodies

  • Alison J Hodgkinson, Richard D Cannon, Ann R Holmes, Frank J Fischer, Dawn J Willix-Payne
  • Journal:
    Journal of Dairy Research / Volume 74 / Issue 3 / August 2007
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    30 April 2007, pp. 269-275
    Print publication:
    August 2007

  • Bovine milk antibodies directed against human pathogenic organisms have potential as prophylactic or therapeutic treatments of disorders affecting mucosal surfaces. The cow, however, does not naturally secrete high levels of IgA in milk, the predominant immunoglobulin of the mucosal immune system. We have patented an immunisation protocol that results in increased production of IgA in ruminant milk and in this study established that our protocol can be used on a scale sufficient to produce semi-industrial quantities of milk for processing. Cows were immunised with a common pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans and responded with high levels of antigen-specific IgA antibodies in their milk. The spray-dried milk-protein concentrate (85% protein) powder was shown to reduce adherence of Cand. albicans cells in in vitro adherence assays, demonstrating an ability to retain efficacy through the processing. These results suggest that this milk product may be of therapeutic value if the reduction in Cand. albicans adhesion observed in vitro translates to reduced colonisation in vivo.