We previously reported a putative detection of a radio galaxy at $z=10.15$ , selected from the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison Widefield Array (GLEAM) survey. The redshift of this source, GLEAM J0917–0012, was based on three weakly detected molecular emission lines observed with the Atacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA). In order to confirm this result, we conducted deep spectroscopic follow-up observations with ALMA and the Karl Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). The ALMA observations targeted the same CO lines previously reported in Band 3 (84–115 GHz) and the VLA targeted the CO(4-3) and [CI(1-0)] lines for an independent confirmation in Q-band (41 and 44 GHz). Neither observation detected any emission lines, removing support for our original interpretation. Adding publicly available optical data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam survey, Widefield Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), and Herschel Space Observatory in the infrared, as well as $<$ 10 GHz polarisation and 162 MHz inter-planetary scintillation observations, we model the physical and observational characteristics of GLEAM J0917–0012 as a function of redshift. Comparing these predictions and observational relations to the data, we are able to constrain its nature and distance. We argue that if GLEAM J0917–0012 is at $z<3,$ then it has an extremely unusual nature, and that the more likely solution is that the source lies above $z=7$ .

This paper explores the unique challenges, experiences and circumstances that enable and/or constrain non-Aboriginal teachers involved in teaching the Stage 6 Aboriginal Studies syllabus in the New South Wales (NSW) curriculum (2010). Drawing on the yarning inquiry methodology of Bessarab and Ng'andu, seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Aboriginal Studies teachers to open a powerful and insightful dialogue pertaining to the complexities and challenges for non-Aboriginal teachers teaching in the Aboriginal Studies space. Interview data identified key issues, strategies and themes relating to how non-Aboriginal teachers of Aboriginal Studies negotiate and operate in highly contested knowledge spaces, their roles and responsibilities as social justice educators and their capacity to enact substantive change within and beyond the Aboriginal Studies classroom. Nakata's cultural interface theory provides a useful tool for data analysis as Aboriginal Studies sits squarely at the centre of this interface. The findings provide valuable insights and practical recommendations for aspiring and current non-Aboriginal Aboriginal Studies teachers seeking to develop a clearer understanding of their, thus far under-researched, roles within the classroom, whilst opening an intriguing dialogue pertaining to the future of Aboriginal Studies in schools and its place within Australia's broader movement for conciliation.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The prevalence of kidney stone disease has increased significantly in the United States in the last 2 decades. While several studies have reported that disparities in access to and quality of medical care exist, there is a need for a more thorough investigation of factors that negatively impact patients seeking care specifically for kidney stone disease. We sought to examine whether kidney stone patients received different standard of care in the emergency department (ED) according to their race/ethnicity, gender, age, body mass index, socioeconomic status (SES), and insurance status. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We conducted a retrospective study of patients presenting to the ED at Montefiore Medical Center between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2016. Patients with a diagnosis of nephrolithiasis were identified using ICD-9/10 codes and electronic chart review was used to assess each patient’s ED course as well as to gather sociodemographic information. The primary outcomes of interest were administration of pain medication, prescription of alpha-1 antagonists to facilitate stone passage and whether or not patients received CT scan or ultrasound. Associations of these outcomes with age categories, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index category, SES and insurance status were examined using multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A total of 1200 patients were included in this analysis of which 616 (51%) were women. A large proportion of patients were minorities (40% Hispanic and 15% non-Hispanic African-American), whereas 21% were Caucasian and 24% declined to report race/ethnicity. Patients between the ages of 55–64 and those older than 65 were less likely to receive pain medication compared to younger patients aged <35 years (OR=0.48, 95% CI: 0.27–0.86 and OR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.21–1.00, respectively). Women were less likely than men to undergo any form of diagnostic imaging (OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.35–0.76) including CT scan (OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.35–0.72). Similarly, patients in the lowest quintile of SES received less imaging than patients in higher SES categories (OR=0.50; 95% CI: 0.27–0.90). Furthermore, African Americans (both genders) and women were less likely to be prescribed an alpha antagonist medication (e.g., tamsulosin) to facilitate stone passage compared with White patients (OR=0.61, 95% CI 0.36–1.03) and men (OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.49–0.92), respectively. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: We found that multiple disparities exist among patients presenting to the ED for nephrolithiasis. A more thorough investigation into the causes of these disparities is warranted to limit their impact on patient care.

The time domain is the emerging forefront of astronomical research with new facilities and instruments providing unprecedented amounts of data on the temporal behavior of astrophysical populations. Dealing with the size and complexity of this requires new techniques and methodologies. Quasars are an ideal work set for developing and applying these: they vary in a detectable but not easily quantifiable manner whose physical origins are poorly understood. In this paper, we will review how quasars are identified by their variability and how these techniques can be improved, what physical insights into their variability can be gained from studying extreme examples of variability, and what approaches can be taken to increase the number of quasars known. These will demonstrate how astroinformatics is essential to discovering and understanding this important population.

Concussion is a form of traumatic brain injury that has been defined as a “trauma-induced alteration in mental status that may or may not involve loss of consciousness.” Terms such as getting a “ding” or getting your “bell rung” are sometimes used as colloquialisms for concussion, but inappropriately downplay the seriousness of the injury. It is estimated that between 1.6 and 3.8 million concussions occur annually in the United States as a result of participation in sports or recreational activities. To date, there are no objective, biological markers for concussion; rather, the current diagnosis of concussion is dependent upon symptom reporting by the athlete. In the acute phase, concussions can result in a broad spectrum of symptoms that can be transient or last for days, weeks, or even months. Symptom prolongation is generally referred to as post-concussion syndrome.

I will discuss multi-wavelength AGN studies, with a focus on mid-IR and radio selected obscured AGN. Obscured AGN, which are robustly identified across the full sky by WISE, are the dominant AGN population. I will discuss several aspects of the mid-IR obscured AGN population, ranging from detailed studies of extreme sources, the so-called WISE ultraluminous ‘hot dust-obscured galaxy’ or ‘hot DOG’ sample, as well as more general studies comparing obscured and unobscured AGN identified in wide-area surveys.

Cognitive reserve (CR) has been proposed as a latent variable that can account for the frequent discrepancy between an individual's underlying level of brain pathology and their observed clinical outcome. A possible behavioral manifestation of CR is best strategy choice. Older adults have been shown to choose sub-optimal strategies for performing various tasks. The present study attempted to investigate whether greater levels of CR could predict greater strategy selection, particularly in older adults. A computational estimation task was administered to 20 healthy young adults (mean age = 24.7 ± 3.6; 20–31 years) and 18 healthy older adults (68.2 ± 4.5; 62–77 years) wherein participants needed to estimate the product of two two-digit numbers by using one of two strategies. The results revealed an effect of age group on strategy choice and supported the hypothesis that CR is associated with increased strategy selection abilities. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–4)

In this article we open the black box of governance in the new democracies by examining episodes where these governments are confronted with urgent threats that require swift and decisive state responses. This provides a unique insight into how political and administrative decision-making actually takes place. It enables us to analyse and evaluate the performance of the new institutions at times when it matters most. Specifically, we discuss how three of these new democracies, the Baltic states, have dealt with risks and crises in vital societal and political domains such as health and safety, public order, economic management and foreign policy. All belong to the core of the classic state functions.