Morphological and chemical studies of Hypogymnia from the Himalayas revealed one new species, three species new to the region, and a previously unrecognized synonym. Hypogymnia crystallina, distinguished by its rimmed holes in the lobe axils, a pruinose disc, POL+ epihymenium, and distinctive chemistry (zeorin, hypoprotocetraric acid, usnic acid and atranorin) is described as new. Hypogymnia pseudohypotrypa (Asah.) A. Singh is synonymized with H. thomsoniana and a second location is reported for the recently described H. sikkimensis. Hypogymnia bitteri, H. mundata, and H. subarticulata are reported as new to India. A total of 17 species of the genus Hypogymnia are accepted for the Himalayan region of India and Nepal, with one additional species from southern India. A key is given to the species known from this region.

The new species, Lecanora luteomarginata and L. subpraesistens, are described from northern India. The first is characterized by apothecia with dark brown discs and bright yellow margins, while L. subpraesistens is a multispored species that is readily distinguished by an egranulose epihymenium and a melacarpella-type amphithecium.

Anisomeridium calcicolum Upreti & Nayaka (Monoblastiaceae) from India is described as new to science. Lithothelium hyalosporum (Nyl.) Aptroot, and Polymeridium albocinereum (Krempelh.) R. C. Harris are reported as new records for the Indian lichen flora.

A new species of pyrenocarpous lichen, Pyrenula subcylindrica, from the Sundarbans area on the delta of the River Ganges is described. It is characterized by ascomata with a distinct clypeus, and 7–11-septate ascospores 42–67 μm long made up of cells with rounded to polygonal lumina and with subacute apices.

The paper deals with six species of Parmotrema from India. Parmotrema awasthii Divakar & Upreti and Parmotrema upretii Divakar are described as new to science. Parmotrema defectum (Hale) Hale, P. ravum (Krog & Swinscow) Sérus., P. stuhlmannii (C.W. Dodge) Krog & Swinscow and P. tsavoense (Krog & Swinscow) Krog & Swinscow, are new records for the Indian lichen flora.

A taxonomic revision of 15 taxa of Diploschistes from India and Nepal is presented. Two species, D. awasthii and D. nepalensis, are described as new. Diploschistes caesioplumbeus (Nyl.,) Vainio, D. diacapsis (Ach.) Lumbsch and D. eugatieus (Massal.) Steiner are new records for the lichen flora of India.