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36 results

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  • 5 - Switzerland

  • from Part II - Central European Countries
  • Edited by Klaus Gugler, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business , Evgeni Peev, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business
  • Book:
    The European Corporation
    Published online:
    01 June 2023
    Print publication:
    15 June 2023, pp 108-148

  • Summary

    This chapter analyses the ownership of Swiss corporations in the last decades. A main finding is that in listed companies, there has been a substantial decrease of the fraction of ownership by the top three shareholders. For example, for the listed companies ranked 21 to 100, the median stake of the three largest shareholders dropped from 42.5% in 2008 to 36.6% in 2018. More generally, the concentration of the disclosed shareholders has decreased. Non-domestic investors hold large stakes in companies listed in Switzerland and have become more important in the largest, most mature companies – not only have their share ownership significantly increased, but they are also more active in exercising their voting rights and in engaging with companies. We also provide some evidence, drawing on a series of surveys of market participants, that these developments, especially the presence and increasing activity of non-domestic investors, have direct implications on the governance practice of companies listed in Switzerland.

  • Metamaterial lenses for monostatic and bistatic 77 GHz radar systems

  • Christoph Kohlberger, Richard Hüttner, Christoph Wagner, Andreas Stelzer
  • Journal:
    International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies / Volume 15 / Issue 6 / July 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 May 2023, pp. 1021-1026
    • Article
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  • Metamaterial lenses are appealing thin alternatives to conventional dielectric lenses. In this contribution we describe their design and application in two exemplary 77 GHz automotive radar sensors operating in monostatic and bistatic modes. The frontends are built around commercially available MMICs and small feed antennas are used in coordination with the six-layer printed circuit board-based realizations of metamaterial lenses. The design follows the principles of dielectric lenses, while the required local phase shift is obtained from a set of metasurface bandpasses. Their design uses a novel interpolation procedure to extract layout parameters for a given phase shift. Despite the small structural sizes due to the high frequency, the fabricated frequency-selective surfaces show very good performance in the required frequency range. Verification measurements were conducted on single bandpasses as well as on metamaterial lenses mounted on the radar frontend. The results agree very well with the simulation and confirm the applicability of thin lenses operating at mm-wave frequencies for automotive radar applications.

  • Which pharmacists are performing antimicrobial stewardship: A national survey and a call for collaborative efforts

  • Brandon Dionne, Jamie L. Wagner, Daniel B. Chastain, Meagen Rosenthal, Monica V. Mahoney, Christopher M. Bland
  • Journal:
    Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology / Volume 2 / Issue 1 / 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    15 February 2022, e24
    • Article
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      • Open access
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  • Objectives:

    To determine how pharmacists with formal antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) responsibilities prioritize their time and pharmacists without formal antimicrobial stewardship program responsibilities contribute to ASP activities.

    Design:

    A nationwide survey.

    Respondents:

    Members of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy who subscribe to the following practice and research network e-mail listservs: infectious diseases, adult medicine, cardiology, critical care, hematology–oncology, immunology and transplantation, and pediatrics.

    Methods:

    A survey was distributed via listservs. Respondents were asked about their personal and institutional demographics and ASP activities.

    Results:

    In total, 245 pharmacists responded: 135 pharmacists with formal antimicrobial stewardship program responsibilities; 110 pharmacists without formal antimicrobial stewardship program responsibilities. Although most respondents had completed a general pharmacy residency (85%), only 20% had completed an infectious diseases (ID) specialty residency. Among pharmacists with formal antimicrobial stewardship program responsibilities, one-third had no formal training or certification in ID or ASP. Pharmacists without formal antimicrobial stewardship program responsibilities spent ∼12.5% of their time per week on ASP activities, whereas pharmacists with formal antimicrobial stewardship program responsibilities spent 28% of their time performing non-ASP activities. Pharmacists with formal antimicrobial stewardship program responsibilities were more likely than pharmacists without formal antimicrobial stewardship program responsibilities to perform antibiotic guideline development (P < .001), antibiotic-related education (P = .002), and direct notification of rapid diagnostic results (P = .018). Pharmacists with formal antimicrobial stewardship program responsibilities without formal ID training or certification spent less time on ASP activities and were more likely to perform lower-level interventions.

    Conclusions:

    Many ASP activities are being performed by pharmacists without formal ID training. To ensure the future success of ASPs, pharmacists with formal antimicrobial stewardship program responsibilities should have adequate training to meet more advanced metrics, and more pharmacists without formal antimicrobial stewardship program responsibilities should be included in basic interventions.

  • Impact of Self-Efficacy and Affective Functioning on Pediatric Concussion Symptom Severity

  • Kesley A. Ramsey, Christopher Vaughan, Barry M. Wagner, Joseph F. McGuire, Gerard A. Gioia
  • Journal:
    Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 27 / Issue 9 / October 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    14 January 2021, pp. 875-882
  • Objective:

    The purpose of this study was to examine whether self-efficacy predicted pediatric concussion symptom severity and explore whether affective mood states (e.g., depression) influenced this relationship.

    Method:

    Children (8–17 years) who were diagnosed with a concussion within 30 days of injury participated in the study (n = 105). Following a clinical assessment, participants and caregivers completed questionnaires that assessed overall concussion symptom severity and current depression symptoms. Participants also completed ratings capturing self-efficacy for managing concussion recovery.

    Results:

    Linear regression models revealed that greater levels of self-efficacy predicted lower parent- (R2 = 0.10, p = .001) and youth-rated (R2 = 0.23, p < .001) concussion symptom severity. Interestingly, depression symptoms moderated the relationship between self-efficacy and concussion symptom severity.

    Conclusions:

    Findings provide initial support for a relationship between self-efficacy and concussion outcomes and highlight the influence of depressive symptoms. Interventions that optimize youth’s self-efficacy have the potential to increase treatment adherence, reduce concussion symptom severity, and improve recovery prognosis.

  • Functional connectivity and grey matter volume of the striatum in schizophrenia

  • Kathrin Koch, Oana Georgiana Rus, Tim Jonas Reeß, Claudia Schachtzabel, Gerd Wagner, C. Christoph Schultz, Christian Sorg, Ralf G. M. Schlösser
  • Journal:
    The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 205 / Issue 3 / September 2014
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 January 2018, pp. 204-213
    Print publication:
    September 2014
    • Article
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  • Background

    Alterations in the dopaminergic reward system, predominantly the striatum, constitute core characteristics of schizophrenia.

    Aims

    Functional connectivity of the dorsal striatum during reward-related trial-and-error learning was investigated in 17 people with schizophrenia and 18 healthy volunteers and related to striatal grey matter volume and psychopathology.

    Method

    We used voxel-based morphometry and psychophysiological interaction to examine striatal volume and connectivity.

    Results

    A reduced functional connectivity between left striatum and temporo-occipital areas, precuneus and insula could be detected in the schizophrenia group. The positive correlation between grey matter volume and functional connectivity of the left striatum yielded significant results in a very similar network. Connectivity of the left striatum was negatively correlated with negative symptoms.

    Conclusions

    Present results suggest a disruption in striatal functional connectivity that is closely linked to grey matter morphometry of the striatum. Decreased connectivity between the striatum and psychopathologically relevant networks may explain the emergence of negative symptoms.

  • Lichen communities in two old-growth pine (Pinus) forests

  • Christopher WAGNER, Lyndsay J. SCHRAM, Richard Troy McMULLIN, Shelley L. HUNT, Madhur ANAND
  • Journal:
    The Lichenologist / Volume 46 / Issue 5 / September 2014
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    07 August 2014, pp. 697-709
    Print publication:
    September 2014

  • Many lichen species have specific environmental requirements for colonization. Old-growth forests contain microhabitats required by a particular suite of lichens. In Ontario, Canada, old-growth forests are increasingly uncommon and the lichen communities within some of these forests are not well known. To better understand the lichen communities that inhabit old-growth forests in the province, we examined the lichen biota on coarse woody debris (CWD) and trees in a red pine (Pinus resinosa) and a white pine (Pinus strobus) dominated stand in northern Ontario. Lichen diversity was assessed on different forms of CWD and trees in each forest. Lichen diversity did not differ significantly between CWD types in the red pine forest, but was significantly different in the white pine forest. There was no significant difference in lichen diversity amongst different decay stages of CWD in either forest. In both forests, lichen communities on stumps, logs, and snags differed from lichen communities present on trees. A variety of CWD types is important for overall lichen species richness in the red pine forest. Our results demonstrate to land managers that different types of old-growth forests are ecologically unique, even those dominated by tree species in the same genus. Management of an old-growth forest should suit its individual ecology.

  • High-fidelity Human Patient Simulators Compared with Human Actors in an Unannounced Mass-Casualty Exercise

  • Christian M. Schulz, Matthias Skrzypczak, Stefan Raith, Dominik Hinzmann, Veronika Krautheim, Fabian Heuser, Valentin Mayer, Christoph Kreuzer, Meike Himsl, Michael Holl, Christina Lipp, Eberhard F. Kochs, Klaus J. Wagner
  • Journal:
    Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 29 / Issue 2 / April 2014
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    20 March 2014, pp. 176-182
    Print publication:
    April 2014

  • High-fidelity simulators (HFSs) have been shown to prompt critical actions at a level equal to that of trained human actors (HAs) and increase perceived realism in intrahospital mass-casualty incident (MCI) exercises. For unannounced prehospital MCI exercises, however, no data are available about the feasibility of incorporating HFSs. This case report describes the integration of HFSs in such an unannounced prehospital MCI drill with HAs and provides data about the differences concerning triage, treatment, and transport of HFSs and HAs with identical injury patterns. For this purpose, 75 actors and four high-fidelity simulators were subdivided into nine groups defined by a specific injury pattern. Four HFSs and six HAs comprised a group suffering from traumatic brain injury and blunt abdominal trauma. Triage results, times for transport, and number of diagnostic and therapeutic tasks were recorded. Means were compared by t test or one-way ANOVA.

    Triage times and results did not differ between actors and simulators. The number of diagnostic (1.25, SD = 0.5 in simulators vs 3.5, SD = 1.05 in HAs; P = .010) and therapeutic tasks (2.0, SD = 1.6 in simulators vs 4.8, SD = 0.4 in HAs; P = .019) were significantly lower in simulators. Due to difficulties in treating and evacuating the casualties from the site of the accident in a timely manner, all simulators died. Possible causal factors and strategies are discussed, with the aim of increasing the utility of simulators in emergency medicine training.

    SchulzCM, SkrzypczakM, RaithS, HinzmannD, KrautheimV, HeuserF, MayerV, KreuzerC, HimslM, HollM, LippC, KochsEF, WagnerKJ. High-fidelity Human Patient Simulators Compared with Human Actors in an Unannounced Mass-Casualty Exercise. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(2):1-7.

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