Nonhuman primate subfossils have been excavated from 20 prehistoric (37,000– 2,940 BP) cave sites across Sri Lanka. These nonhuman primates were sources of food for the inhabitants. One of these sites, the Sigiriya Potana cave situated in the intermediate climatic zone in north central Sri Lanka, belongs to a complex of 12 caves located in the Central Province at 70 m above sea level. An excavation was conducted between 1990 and 1991 by the Post Graduate Institute of Archaeology, Colombo. The cave deposits were dated at ca. 6000 BP and the calibrated age ranges from cumulative probability (one sigma) 3913–3727 BCE (UA 5685) and 3913–3709 BCE (UA5686) using carbon-14 dating techniques. These nonhuman primate subfossils were found along with two complete human skeletons. These nonhuman primates are suspected to be the equivalents of the three diurnal species currently present in the area; namely two langur species (Semnopithcus vetulus, Semnopithecus priam thersites) and a macaque (Macaca sinica). The total number of nonhuman primate subfossils found were 23 mandible fragments with teeth and 6 maxillary fragments with teeth. The postcranial material was badly fragmented, rendering impossible any meaningful analyses. Some of this material was burnt, and it is presumed that the human inhabitants consumed these nonhuman primates during their occupation of the cave. Odontometrical comparison of the dental morphology of these subfossil samples with those of the three extant nonhuman primate species confirmed that these are the same species. Consistent with other sites in Sri Lanka and elsewhere in South Asia during the Terminal Pleistocene/Holocene (~12,000 to 3000 BP) nonhuman primates are considered to have been an important food resource.