The Bryant & May company is well known for its operations in Britain. Historians have paid less attention to the actions of the company overseas. The opening of a new Australian subsidiary factory in 1909 marked an early venture in multinational manufacturing within the British Empire. This article uses business records and newspapers from both the British and Australian archives to examine the day-to-day operations of this multinational, with a particular focus on the human dimension of the interactions between London and Melbourne. The Bryant & May case study reveals the evolving, sometimes tense, relationship between the “home” and “subsidiary” branches in the context of British imperialism and Australian federation in the years preceding World War I. Business, personal, and imperial relationships intertwined. While business historians have developed theoretical frameworks to understand why companies embark on multinational operations, work remains to be done on the longer-term operations of companies in particular political, social, and cultural contexts. We examine the building of the Empire Works match factory in Melbourne, the nature of transnational management, labor relations, and key production challenges up to the Interstate Commission of 1914. We reveal how Melbourne managers, sometimes against the inclinations of the London directors, were prepared to drive a hard bargain with local politicians and workers. Bryant & May successfully, and sometimes controversially, gained competitive advantage as a “local” company with access to preferential tariffs. This placed the firm in an ideal position to prosper when international trade was disrupted during World War I.

Hi, everyone. I am Monica Hakimi from the University of Michigan Law School, and I would like to welcome you to our panel on cyber power and its limits. The topic almost does not need an introduction. We all know just from reading the news that our collective dependence on cyberspace is also a huge vulnerability, and state and non-state actors exploit this vulnerability to do one another harm. They use cyber technologies not just to spy on one another, but also, for example, to interfere in national elections, to steal trade secrets or other valuable information, to disrupt the activities of political, military, or economic institutions, and at times to cause physical destruction or death.

Seismic compressional-wave data from short refraction shooting carried out during the 1974–75 and 1976–77 seasons at J-9, the site of the Ross Ice Shelf Drilling Project, have been compared. Significant dissimilarities were found to exist between the two sets of data. The measurements were made at locations about 2 km apart, with three unreversed profiles 60° apart recorded during the 1976–77 season and one unreversed profile during the 1974–75 season. The resulting velocity–depth profiles, and hence the derived density–depth profiles, differ by as much as 8%, with the 1976–77 results indicating a maximum velocity, corresponding to solid ice, at a shallower depth than the 1974–75 data. Both profiles were subjected to the same analysis, and a comparison of travel-time curves shows the differences to be real. Densities measured on cores from a 100 m bore hole drilled in 1974–75 about 50 m from the center of the 1974–75 profile agree well with densities computed from that profile. The density difference is believed to be due to the passage of the ice through the high-stress system associated with the interaction between Ice Stream B, flowing in from the West Antarctic ice sheet, and the Ross Ice Shelf. A reversed refraction profile carried out at station B.C. about 30 km up-stream, shows evidence of dipping layers that may be similarly caused.

Compressional wave velocity gradients at 43 of 50 Antarctic traverse stations plot as sequences of straight lines on semilogarithmic graph paper. Intersections of the lines appear to correlate with depths at which the predominant metamorphic mechanism in polar snow changes. The seismie pattern supports a three-layer interpretation of snow densification. The base of the upper layer (8.4±12.3 m) corresponds to the “critical depth” of Anderson and Benson (1963) at which snow grains settle into a “random closepacked” arrangement. The base of the lower layer may correspond to the firn: ice transition depth, but more data are needed to confirm this conclusion. It is unclear what densification phenomenon is marked by the base of the middle layer (27.7±4.4 m). The distinction between the middle and lower layers tends to disappear and the velocity gradient at a fixed depth increases as mean annual accumulation decreases.

Glossa lanceolate shorter than menturn; paraglossæ reaching to joint 4 of labial palpi; maxillary palpi six-jointed, longer than lamina, joints short 5 labial palpi with joints subequal, first one robust; marginal cell about as long as first discoidal, obliquely truncate, appendiculate; cubital cells equal, second receiving the first recurrent nervure about one-third from base and the second near apex; facial foveæ present in both sexes; tibial scopa of female thin, with rather long simple hairs.

Previously, imaging and analysis with cathodoluminescence (CL) detectors required using high accelerating voltages. Utilization of lower accelerating voltage for microanalysis has the advantages of reduced beam-specimen interaction volume, and thus better spatial resolution, as well as reduction in electron beam induced damage. This article will highlight recent developments in field emission gun–scanning electron microscope technology that have allowed acquisition of high spatial resolution CL images at very low accelerating voltages. The advantages of low kV CL imaging will be shown using examples of a geological specimen (shale) and a specimen of an industrial grade diamond.

Segment 5 with a more or less evident bevelled or truncate space, false pygidium, which is rather sparsely short, bristly and fuscous, purplish or sericeous in certain lights; ovipositor (applied here to one of a pair of appendages often exserted one on each side of the sting) setiform, fimbriate, apex with several curved divergent spines; mandibles simple; maxillary palpi 3-jointed; scutel finely punctured, sub-bilobed; segments 1–4 with apical fasciæ of pale appressed pubescence

Prof. cockerell's treatment of these genera is likely to create an erroneous impression, which should be corrected wherever his statements are made. In Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXIV., 150, he says : “It is perfectly evident that the so-called species of Panurgus of North America are not all of the same genus.” In the Dec. Can. Ent., p. 287, he says : “The result is extremely interesting, and seems to show that we have for many years been placing bees in genera to which they by no means belong.”

Since my note on the Mexican bees of the genus Augochlora was published I have been informed by Prof. Cockerell that he would not reply in this journal, but probably elsewhere. This conclusion seems to me to be remarkable, but I shall take this occasion to say what more I have to say on the subject and then leave it.

This paper is intended to give the results of the study of the local species.

Unless otherwise indicated, vein a = basal nervure; vein V2= transverse medial nervure; vein rm= first cubital nervure; cell III1+2= marginal cell; cell III5 = second cubtial cell; “joint” refers to antennæ; “segment” refers to abdomen.

There has been enough confusion in this group to suit the most stupid of lumpers. It takes a mystagogue to identify a species from a description of its oranaments. Such descriptions are regular pitfalls—regular synonym-traps.

This paper belongs with the series on local species—Andreninæ, Megachilidæ and Bombinæ, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., 28: 187;29: 163; Sphecodinæ, Ent. News, 14: 103; Balictinæ, Nomadinæ, Epeolinæ, Anthophila, Can. Ent., 34: 245; 35: 172, 284; 36: 37.

In Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 20: 276, 1893, I described Nomada Sayi from eight female and fifteen male specimens. At present I have fortyfive female and ninety male specimens which I have referred to this species, but which I now propose to describe under the three following names:

Nomada Sayi, Rob.— ♀. Mandibles simple, antennæ long, joint 4 longer than 3 or 5, as long as 12; or nearly so, pygidium rather broadly truncate; scutellum sub-bilobed, prominent; enclosure of metathorax coarsely reticulated at base, finely roughened beyond; head and thorax closely and coarsely punctured; abdomen shining, rather sparsely and finely punctured; ferruginous, the scape, front and middle legs, tubercles and tegulæ, more yellowish; about antennæ, about ocelli, occiput, band on mesonotum, middle of metathorax sometimes, band from wings to middle and hind coxæ, base of femora behind more or ress, sometimes hind metatarsi, base of abdomen, sometimes apical margins of segments more or less, and sutures, generally blach or blackish; segments 2 and 3 of abdomen with a yellow spot on each side; wings hyaline, marginal cell and apical margins clouded, basal nervure ending before transverse median. Length, 6–8 mm.

During the last winter, in connection with the study of the local bees, I had occasion to write out my views in regard to their classification, basing my observation upon the recent Apidae catalogue of Della Torre. As the views then arrived at form a fair statement of my present opinions, I venture to offer them in connection with the recent paper of Mr. Ashmead on the classification of the bees.

In my neighbourhood I find the typical Andrena Cressonii, Rob., and the form described below as A. dubia, the latter more rare. To compare this with the form described as A. Bridwellii,Ckill., I have obtained from Mr. Bridwell for examination thiry-three specimens taken by ghim at Baldwin, Kansas, and labelled A. Cressonii, A. Kansensis, and A. Bridwellii.

A. Kattsensis is the same as A.Cressonii, the colour of the pubescence being characteristic of unfaded specimetrs. Local specimens sometimes have the hind tibiæ and tarsi ferruginons in both sexes.

Zodion palpalis, n. sp.

♀.—Black, gray pollinose; face yellow, cheeks yellow, one-half the eye height; front reddish yellow, a narrow black line on each side above; antennæ reddish, second joint shorter than third; palpi black, quite long, clavate; mesonotum without stripes; scutellum with about twelve slender bristles; legs black, knees testaceous; wings subhyaline; first four segments of abdomen with large, subtriangular opaque black spots, last segment black, shining. Length, 5 mm.

Andrena krigiana, n. sp.

♀.—Black; mandibles rufous at tips, toothed near the apex; basal process of labrum short, subquadrate, emarginate; clypeus somewhat shining towards apex, where it is rather distinctly punctured, elsewhere opaque and reticulated; face before ocelli longitudinally striate; facial foveæ quite short, not descending below insertion of antennæ, filled with a fine pubescence which appears black; antennæ short, joint 3 as long as the next three together, or nearly so, apical joints dull testaceous beneath; thorax throughout opaque and finely reticulated; enclosure of metathorax poorly defined, but rather strongly rugose; pubescence of head and thorax rather thin and dull fulvous; wings subhyaline, nervures and stigma honey-yellow, second cubital cell about one-third as long as the third, oblique, receiving the first recurrent nervure at, or a little before, or a little beyond, the middle; abdomen shining, rather sparsely and rather evenly punctured, apical margins of segments pale testaceous, hardly subfasciate, fimbria fulvous; scopæ pale, the hairs of hind tibiæ rather strongly plumose. Length, 8 mm.

In the Transactions of the American Entomological Society, XX., 147, after notes and descriptions of five species of Augochlora, I gave the following note: “All of the species of Augochlora mentioned above agree in having the hind spur serrate with numerous fine teeth, and form a distinct section of the genus. Another section, to which belong A. lucidula, Sm., A. sumptuosa, Sm., and A. humeralis, Pttn., is characteried by having this spur provided with four or five long teeth.”