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18 results

The Foragers of Point Hope
  • The Biology and Archaeology of Humans on the Edge of the Alaskan Arctic
  • Edited by Charles E. Hilton, Benjamin M. Auerbach, Libby W. Cowgill
  • Published online:
    05 August 2014
    Print publication:
    24 July 2014
  • On the edge of the Arctic Ocean, above the Arctic Circle, the prehistoric settlements at Point Hope, Alaska, represent a truly remarkable accomplishment in human biological and cultural adaptations. Presenting a set of anthropological analyses on the human skeletal remains and cultural material from the Ipiutak and Tigara archaeological sites, The Foragers of Point Hope sheds new light on the excavations from 1939–41, which provided one of the largest sets of combined biological and cultural materials of northern latitude peoples in the world. A range of material items indicated successful human foraging strategies in this harsh Arctic environment. They also yielded enigmatic artifacts indicative of complex human cultural life filled with dense ritual and artistic expression. These remnants of past human activity contribute to a crucial understanding of past foraging lifeways and offer important insights into the human condition at the extreme edges of the globe.

  • Some Comments on Short-Run Earnings Fluctuation Bias

  • Charles E. Edwards, James G. Hilton
  • Journal:
    Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis / Volume 5 / Issue 2 / June 1970
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 October 2009, pp. 187-201
    Print publication:
    June 1970

  • Considerable attention has been given in recent years to studies of the cost of capital and investor preferences for dividends, but empirical analysis of the various theoretical propositions has been complicated by numerous difficulties associated with estimating the parameters in question. In many of the empirical studies, ordinary least squares has been the statistical method applied because, under certain assumptions, ordinary least squares produces unbiased estimates with a minimum of variance. However, the validity of one of the assumptions, namely, that all independent variables contain no measurement error, has been questioned by numerous writers. More specifically, it has been argued that investors tend to ignore temporary or random disturbances in current reported earnings. Thus, values of current earnings that are actually observed for the statistical study may be different from those values which ideally would be observed; i.e., they may contain measurement error, the size of which is reflected by the difference between the current reported earnings and the values on which investors presumably base their decisions. For example, in such least squares regressions as price on dividends and retained earnings, the impact of the measurement error is considered to fall mainly on the retained earnings, since dividends are thought to be relatively stable.