Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
  1. Home
  2. Search

Refine search

Refine search

Access:
Content type:
Publication date:
Apply   From and To filters
Subject: Show more
Journals Show more
Publishers: Show more
Societies Show more
Series: Show more
Collections: Show more

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
Cancel
×

5 results

  • 32 - The Surgical Abdomen

  • from Section 6 - Gastrointestinal Emergencies
  • Edited by Kaushal Shah, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, Jarone Lee, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
  • Edited in association with Clark G. Owyang, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, Benjamin Christian Renne, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
  • Book:
    Practical Emergency Resuscitation and Critical Care
    Published online:
    02 November 2023
    Print publication:
    23 November 2023, pp 302-310

  • Summary

    Abdominal pain is the most common reason for emergency department visits and is a leading cause of hospital admissions in the United States. Acute abdominal pain is defined as sudden-onset pain lasting < 7 days, due to a wide spectrum of causes that range from benign to life threatening. When the need for surgical intervention is suspected, prompt involvement of appropriate consultants is essential.

  • 40 - The surgical abdomen

  • from Section 6 - Gastrointestinal emergencies
  • Edited by Kaushal Shah, Jarone Lee, Kamal Medlej, American University of Beirut, Scott D. Weingart
  • Book:
    Practical Emergency Resuscitation and Critical Care
    Published online:
    05 November 2013
    Print publication:
    24 October 2013, pp 268-273

  • Summary

    This chapter discusses the diagnosis, evaluation and management of hypertensive emergencies. It describes special considerations for aortic dissection, acute ischemic stroke, acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and preeclampsia and eclampsia. The critical management of hypertensive emergencies depends on the presence of end-organ damage. Only patients with a diagnosis of hypertensive emergency require immediate interventions in the emergency department for lowering blood pressure. Patients with chronically elevated blood pressure may suffer detrimental consequences if their blood pressure is lowered too quickly. Dramatic and rapid decreases in blood pressure can result in critical hypoperfusion of the brain, heart, and kidneys, resulting in ischemia or infarction. Patients with hypertensive urgency can be managed as outpatients as long as reliable follow-up can be arranged. They are usually started on oral antihypertensives with a goal of lowering their blood pressure to less than 160/100 mmHg over 12-48 hours.

  • 41 - Abdominal compartment syndrome

  • from Section 6 - Gastrointestinal emergencies
  • Edited by Kaushal Shah, Jarone Lee, Kamal Medlej, American University of Beirut, Scott D. Weingart
  • Book:
    Practical Emergency Resuscitation and Critical Care
    Published online:
    05 November 2013
    Print publication:
    24 October 2013, pp 274-277

  • Summary

    This chapter discusses the diagnosis, evaluation and management of valvular diseases including aortic stenosis (AS), aortic regurgitation (AR), mitral stenosis (MS) and mitral regurgitation (MR). Patients with AS are particularly sensitive to changes in cardiac output due to the pressure gradient across the aortic valve. Evaluation of any valvular pathology begins with the history and physical examination, and paying attention to whether valvular defect has been previously noted. If a new acute AR is discovered, the diagnosis of aortic dissection should be ruled out with a CTA or a transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiogram. Blood culture and antibiotics may be indicated if endocarditis or a perivalvular abscess is suspected. Characterization of valve dysfunction in the emergency department is not imperative if patients are hemodynamically stable. Echocardiography should be considered in patients who are hemodynamically unstable. Acute valvular dysfunction is usually secondary to a precipitating critical problem.