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Precise instrumental calibration is of crucial importance to 21-cm cosmology experiments. The Murchison Widefield Array’s (MWA) Phase II compact configuration offers us opportunities for both redundant calibration and sky-based calibration algorithms; using the two in tandem is a potential approach to mitigate calibration errors caused by inaccurate sky models. The MWA Epoch of Reionization (EoR) experiment targets three patches of the sky (dubbed EoR0, EoR1, and EoR2) with deep observations. Previous work in Li et al. (2018) and (2019) studied the effect of tandem calibration on the EoR0 field and found that it yielded no significant improvement in the power spectrum (PS) over sky-based calibration alone. In this work, we apply similar techniques to the EoR1 field and find a distinct result: the improvements in the PS from tandem calibration are significant. To understand this result, we analyse both the calibration solutions themselves and the effects on the PS over three nights of EoR1 observations. We conclude that the presence of the bright radio galaxy Fornax A in EoR1 degrades the performance of sky-based calibration, which in turn enables redundant calibration to have a larger impact. These results suggest that redundant calibration can indeed mitigate some level of model incompleteness error.
The ability to understand others’ actions and intentions is at the core of human social competence. Action understanding, what it means and how it develops, has received much attention in developmental research because it is viewed as one of the most fundamental abilities in early social-cognitive development. For example, there is a growing body of evidence linking early action understanding with later theory of mind (Brooks & Meltzoff, 2015; Charman et al., 2000; Wellman, Phillips, Dunphy-Lelii, & LaLonde, 2004), and to the development of communicative skills (e.g., Brooks & Meltzoff, 2008). Increasing evidence suggests that the mirror neuron system (MNS) is a key neural correlate of action understanding. In this chapter, we discuss the role the MNS is thought to play in the development of social cognitive skills in infancy. We also discuss the current challenges of measuring the MNS that are unique to work with infants, what such studies have found in both typical and atypical populations, and how this work can impact our understanding of development.
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is an important grain legume in tropical and subtropical regions. It requires low resource inputs and has a high nutritional value. Therefore, cowpea can play an important role in the development of agriculture. In southern Mexico, Mayan farmers have conserved and developed cowpea landraces for centuries. Nevertheless, information on their genetic diversity, conservation status and potential use is minimal. To generate information toward sustainable use, management and conservation of this species, we evaluated the genetic diversity and structure of 20 cowpea landraces from southeast Mexico using 10 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. These ISSR markers generated 68 loci with a 67.7% polymorphism rate and average polymorphic information content of 0.36. The results of Bayesian assignation and the UPGMA analysis suggest the formation of two main groups defined by their genetic origin in southeast Mexico. High levels of genetic structure were found with a moderate level of genetic diversity distributed mainly between landraces. Low levels of intra-landrace variability were observed. Two landraces (P5 and P12) from Calakmul resulted in the high levels of genetic diversity. The selected markers were efficient at assessing genetic variability among Mexican cowpea landraces, providing valuable information that can be used in local conservation and participatory breeding programmes.
Rural residents in the USA experience significant disparities in mental health outcomes even though the prevalence of mental illness in rural and metropolitan areas is similar. This is a persistent problem that requires innovative approaches to resolve. Adopting and appropriately modifying the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities research framework are the potential approaches to understanding how these disparities might be addressed through research. Using this research framework can facilitate interrogation of multiple levels of influence, encompassing complex domains of influence and consideration of the entire life course trajectory, which is consistent with several National Institute of Mental Health priorities.
Self-perceived health is a well-recognised predictor of later health outcomes and mortality, but its relationship to incident dementia has been scarcely explored.
Objective:
To analyze self- perceived health as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD) in a population- based survey of the elderly (NEDICES) Study.
Methods:
Participants were evaluated at baseline (1994-1995) with a standardized questionnaire that included subjective and objective (chronic disorders) health status and screening questions for depression and neurologic disorders. At follow-up (a median of 3.2 years later in 1997-1998) an analogous protocol and neurological assessment were performed.
Results:
Of 5,278 participants evaluated at baseline there were 306 prevalent dementia cases, and 161 incident dementia cases were identified among 3,891 individuals assessed at follow-up (D: 115).
Cox hazard ratio analyses showed that age, stroke and illiteracy were independent risk factors for dementia and AD. Aggregation of vascular risk factors was related to a higher risk of both dementia and AD. Good (and very good) versus less than good (fair, bad and very bad) self-perceived health was an independent risk factor for dementia (CI 95% 1.13- 2.16; p= .006) and AD (CI 95% 1.02- 2.18; p= .038) after adjusting by age, sex education and vascular risk factors.
Discussion:
Self-perceived health increased the risk for incident dementia and AD in the NEDICES cohort as it was previously described in the United Kindom MRC- CFA Study of dementia incidence. Global health measurements (self-perceived health, quality of life) needs farther studies as risk for dementia and AD.
Different experimental methodologies have been used to investigate pain perception in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) overall showing elevated pain thresholds (PT). We assessed PT, sensorial and affective components of pain processing in BPD patients and healthy controls using repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) as a novel tool for provoking controlled aversive cutaneous sensation. In 10 BPD patients and 8 healthy women we assessed PT, cutaneous sensation, emotional valence and arousal level during rPMS at different intensities on two consecutive days. Additionally, inner tension level was assessed before and after each session.
We found significantly higher PT in BPD patients (91% of maximal output of stimulator, vs. 56% in controls); these measures were consistent among both days of assessment, showing a high intra-individual repeat-reliability. In BPD, PT correlated positively with motivational factors of non-suicidal self-injury (to avoid feeling of emptiness r = 0.823, p = 0.023; to punish oneself r = 0.774, p = 0.041). All stimulation intensities used were discriminated similarly in both groups. However, emotional valence and arousal level did not vary with stimulus intensity in BPD patients. Furthermore, BPD patients were found to have higher baseline levels of inner tension than controls and, as opposed to controls, they experienced subjective relief after stimulation. Besides demonstrating a distinctive pattern of affective components of pain in BPD, the present study demonstrates that rPMS is a suitable and well-tolerated method for the assessment of pain sensation.
The residency is one of the most stressful periods in medical practice and entails different psycopathological disorders. Individual type of adaptation plays an important role in the pychological response to this situations.
The aims are to describe the coping behaviour used during the residency period, and to analyze the factors related to them.
Methods:
Cross-sectional study in 145 residents, in wich we valued sociodemographic data, psychopatholy (GHQ Goldberg), personality dimensions (16PF-A Cattell), psychic antecedent and coping behaviour (Lazarus and Folkman, 1986). A descriptive, comparative and a Pearson correlation study was performed.
Results:
The sociodemographic variables and the frecuency of the coping behaviors used are detailed in table. We described their relation with personality features and sociodemographic variables, and the coping associated with psychic antecedent and psychopathology.
Conclusions:
The more used behaviors were those directed towards Planful problem-solving, Seeking social support, Self-controlling, Positive reappraisal, Confrontive coping and Distraction. Coping behaviour are related with various factors that probably caused them, being personality features outstanding. The socio-demographic variables also are related, and in women are more frecuent Seeking social support and Selfaward.
Although this study, due to its transversal structure, can not establish a causal relationship between coping behaviour and the presence of psychopathology, we observed that the latest one was associated with Selfblame, Distancing and Avoidance behaviors and could be considered as inefficient strategies. In those with personal psychic antecedents, Distraction and Selfaward behaviors were outstanding, although this mechanisms were not related to psychopathology.
Until July 2016, Spain was not member of European Forum of Psychiatric Trainees. Why? Because Spain did never have Association of Psychiatric trainees. In July 2015, 2 Spanish trainees were invited to attend EFPT meeting in Porto. There, they connect with other European trainees and with the help of MENTA group they starting the foundation of Spanish Psychiatric Trainees Society, now known as SERP. In just 1 year, SERP has increased in number of members and have successfully developed numerous initiatives such as the establishment of our founding documents, the constitution of a democratic board through an Elective General Assembly, the design and update of a website and profiles in the social networks and the organization of the 1st Meeting for National Psychiatric Trainees, which was held in Vitoria-Gasteiz on March 2015 and had as topic Research on psychiatric training period. Last July, Spain was accepted for first time in history as full member of EFPT and we are actively participating in several working groups, even chairing the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry one. This year, Spain is also participating in international exchanges, offering two destination for European trainees. We must acknowledge that during the foundation process, the support of the Spanish National Psychiatric Associations (SEP and SEPB) and EFPT (specially its ENTA group since the first meeting of some of our now board members in the Annual Forum in Porto in 2015), has been crucial.
Disclosure of interest
The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Emotional intelligence is defined as the ability to process, understand and manage emotions. In bipolar disorder seem to be more conserved, with less functional impairment than other severe mental disorders as schizophrenia. So far, there are few studies analyzing emotional intelligence in bipolar disorder.
Objective
The objective of this research is to better understand the different characteristics and the factors affecting these social-cognitive dysfunctions in bipolar disorder.
Aims
To explore possible factors related to emotional intelligence in these severe mental disorders: symptoms, cognitive functioning, quality of life and psychosocial function.
Material and methods
Twenty-six adults bipolar type I patients were examined using MSCEIT (the most validated test for emotional intelligence), BPRS, YMRS, HDRS, WAIS-IV, TMT and Rey Figure in order to determine the level of emotional intelligence and factors relate.
Results
Bipolar patients show lack of emotional intelligence when compared with general population. Cognitive impairment and age are the principal factors related.
Discussion
Results are discussed and compared with recent literature.
Disclosure of interest
The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Perceived and anticipated stigma are relevant issues in patients with schizophrenia. Stigma has negative consequences both in quality of life and in the course of illness.
Objectives
To analyze differences in perceived and anticipated discrimination in two groups of patients with schizophrenia: one with a recent diagnosis of illness and another with a long course of disease.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 100 patients with diagnosis of schizophrenia, 18 or more years old, clinically stabilized, without axis I DSM-IV comorbidity. Patients received treatment in the outpatient services of a catchment area in Madrid. Perceived and anticipated discrimination was evaluated trough the DISC-12 (Discrimination and Stigma scale). Other study variables were: socio-demographic status, length of disease, symptoms of depression (Calgary Scale) and functionality degree measured by Global Assessment of Function (GAF). Two sub-groups of patients were compared: one with a length of illness below 5 years and a second one with a length of illness over 5 years.
Results
Patients with a length of illness longer than 5 years showed elevated degree of perceived and anticipated discrimination compared with patients with less than 5 years of illness course. In the same way, patients with a recent diagnosis of illness showed increased scores in the measure of face the stigma.
Conclusions
Preventive strategies to avoid the stigma in schizophrenia should consider some differences in patients in relationship with the length of evolution of illness in order to be more accurate. Early intervention programs about stigma are necessary.
Disclosure of interest
The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Traumatic event related disorders (ASD, PTSD and dissociative disorders) could share a common dissociative psychobiological origin. Patients diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder present a high sexual abuse rate (85–90%), way above the rest of the traumatic spectrum disorders.
Objectives
The goal of this study is to analyse the existing relation between different types of trauma, especially sexual abuse, and the onset and continuity of dissociative disorders.
Materials and methods
We report the case of a 37 years old woman with a long sexual abuse history. The symptoms appear by age 30, in the form of flashbacks, ushering a persistent identity fragmentation in individual differentiated opposed components, shaping a dissociative personality disorder, which was present for years taking a fluctuating and invalidating nature.
Discussion
When a traumatic event occurs, acute dissociative reactions frequently appear, usually briefly, disappearing spontaneously afterwards. In this case, we can discern the persistence of the dissociative symptoms and the repercussion they had in the patient's functionality.
Conclusion
The existence of a correlation between the duration of a chronic traumatic event and the persistence of dissociative symptoms in the evolution of a dissociative personality disorder is possible.
Disclosure of interest
The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Shared decision-making denotes a structured process that encourages full participation by patient and provider in making complex medical decisions. There has been extensive and growing interest in its application to long-term illnesses but surprisingly not in severe psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. However, the great majority of schizophrenics are capable of understanding treatment choices and making rational decisions. Although the main justification for shared decision-making is ethical, several randomized controlled trials support its effectiveness in improving the quality of decisions, but robust evidence in objective health outcomes is needed.
Aims and objectives
Of the study: to demonstrate the effectiveness, measured as treatment adherence and readmissions at 3, 6 and 12 months, of shared decision making in the choice of antipsychotic treatment at discharge.
Of the oral presentation: to present the study design; to make an interim report of the data obtained at the moment of the congress.
Methods
Randomized controlled trial, prospective, two parallel groups, not masked, comparing two interventions (shared decision making and treatment as usual). Study population: Inpatients diagnosed of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders (ICD-10/DSM-IV-R: F20 y F25) at Adult Acute Hospitalization Unit at Jerez General Hospital.
Results
Currently in the recruiting phase with 55 patients included in the study. An interim analysis of at least half of the target sample size.
Conclusions
We will show the study design and decision tools employed. Conclusions in relation to the effectiveness (adherence and readmissions) and subjective perception.
Disclosure of interest
The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Previous research suggests that hoarding aggregates in families and is associated with health, safety risks and family problems. Hoarding symptoms appear to be more common among first-degree relatives of people who hoard. A predominance of shared hoarding disorder has been observed among female relatives.
Objectives
We present an atypical case report describing hoarding symptoms among first-degree male relatives who present two different subtypes of hoarding disorder.
Materials and methods
We report the case of a 38 years old male patient, attended for the first time by the mental health services at the age of 22, and being diagnosed of severe OCD at that moment. In the home visit paid by the social services, an excessive object hoarding was observed, including the presence of over 40,000 books.
Moreover, they found a 38 years old man looking severely deteriorated; when they ask him about it, the patient's father admits to having been isolated in the house for almost 14 years. Hoarding history was gathered, through the acquisition of various objects by the patient's father, dating back to over 30 years ago.
Discussion
The harmonic coexistence for over a decade between two patients affected with a hoarding disorder with two different clinical setting subtypes was only made possible by the complementary nature of their symptoms.
Conclusion
The hoarding disorders amongst more than one person living under the same roof are uncommon, can present themselves in both genders and can exhibit different symptoms.
Disclosure of interest
The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Hoarding often occurs without the presence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), showing distinguishable neuropsychological and neurobiological correlates and a distinct comorbidity spectrum. Furthermore, it presents itself secondarily to other psychiatric and neurobiological disorders. Therefore hoarding disorder has been included as independent diagnosis in DSM-5.
Objectives
We aim to expose the possible organic etiology of a hoarding disorder case with atypical presentation.
Materials and methods
We present a case of a 48 years old male patient who was brought to the hospital by the police after being reported for unhealthy conditions in his home. In the home visit paid by the Social Services an excessive hoarding of objects and trash was detected. A possible hoarding disorder was diagnosed in the psychiatric assessment. Among other diagnostic test, a brain CT was conducted, in which a frontal meningioma was identified. After surgical treatment, hoarding symptoms diminished significantly.
Discussion
A significant part of the hoarding disorders are attributed to primary psychiatric disorders, resulting in potentially treatable organic pathology going unnoticed.
Conclusion
It's important to rule out organic etiology before proceeding to make a definitive hoarding disorder diagnosis, optimizing that way the treatment options.
Disclosure of interest
The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Methanol poisoning is uncommon but potentially lethal. The way of poisoning is usually oral. However, in a small number of cases, inhalated methanol poisoning was described. Most of these occurred among patients suffering a disorder by use of this substance. This type of poisoning has an insidious presentation, that complicates its diagnosis. This poisoning may be lethal. It may produce a chronic and severe affectation of the central nervous system in those who survive to the poisoning. After diagnosis, it is compulsory to act quickly, and it often requires advanced vital support and hemodialysis.
Objectives
Educate the Mental Health professionals about a type of disorder by consumption increasingly more frequent in some cities across Europe. This is a high fatality related poisoning that emergency and general psychiatrists should know as it is increasingly common in Europe.
Methods
We present the case of a 20-year-old patient, treated at the emergency department of our hospital in context of metanol inhalation. The patient regularly attended to our Dual Pathology outpatient unit due to a severe inhalant use disorder. Several stays at the intensive care unit had been recorded and he already presented with severe optic nerve affectation.
Discussion
In recent years there has been an increase in inhalant abuse in Europe, which is still underestimated by our poor knowledge about its potential toxicity.
Conclusion
Inhalated methanol poisoning occurs with a typical presentation, and may appear after suicide trial or overdose. Mental health professional should become aware of its potential lethality to approach properly to these patients.
Disclosure of interest
The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees (EFPT) is an independent Federation of Psychiatric Trainees and represents the consensus of psychiatric trainee's organizations across European countries and advocates for what training should look like, regardless of the country. Spain was one of the last countries to be part of the Association. Finally, and after months of hard work and networking, on September 2015 the Spanish Society of Psychiatry Trainees(SERP), was founded and Spain became a observer member of the EFPT.
Objectives
One of the main goals of the SERP, is creating a program of clerkships, in both directions, from other trainees to come to Spain, and for Spanish Trainees to go abroad.
Methods
Our idea in this poster is to explain a first look of which Hospitals/Units would be appropriate to make a rotation, and to explain the first steps in order to create a database with information about the nightshifts, possible accommodation and other aspects related to the organization. We want to use this poster to present to Europe our new Association.
Results
On September 25 at the National Congress of Psychiatry in Santiago de Compostela, a Group of Spanish trainees founded the SERP, organized the first Board and signed the Founding Amendments.
Conclusions
After two previous failed attempts, finally on 25th September 201; the Spanish Society of Psychiatry Residents (SERP) was founded, an important part of the activity of this company is promoting exchanges between residents of member countries in Spain.
Disclosure of interest
The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The side effects of the various antidepressant drugs on the sexual field (with very few exceptions) are well known, and they affect the quality of life in important manners. The incidence rate, communicated spontaneously by the patient, has been estimated around 10–15%, and can reach amounts of 50–60% with SSRIs when studied specifically. It has been suggested that these effects compromise treatment adherence.
Objectives
To estimate the incidence and intensity of the side effects on the sexual field with different antidepressants, as well as its relationship with treatment adherence.
Methodology
Transversal study on 50 patients assisted in medical consultation. Collection of data in office (October 2014–October 2015).
Administration of survey PRSexDQ-SALSEX. In order to research the relationship with treatment adherence, one question surveyed the patient whether he/she had thought about finishing treatment for this reason.
Results
Twenty-nine patients (58% of the sample) presented some degree of sexual dysfunction. Five individuals (17.2%) communicated it spontaneously. Nine individuals (31%) responded that they did not accept positively the changes in their sexual field, and they had thought about withdrawing treatment for this reason. They were given the test of self-compliance statement (Haynes-Sackett), with a result of four non-compliant (44.4%). The most frequently involved drugs were fluoxetine (n = 5, 10% of the sample total) and paroxetine (n = 4, 8%).
Conclusions
The high impact of sexual side effects with a low rate of spontaneous communication coincides with previous existent studies.
Limitation when estimating adhesion due to methodological difficulties in the design of the study. However, high impression by using the selected method of determination.
Disclosure of interest
The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Transcultural psychiatry is a branch of psychiatry where cultural context for psychiatric symptoms is studied. It emerged as a consequence of migration of diverse ethnic groups and questions whether international diagnosis classifications fit in different cultures.
Objectives
The aim of this review is to make professionals aware of the importance of cultural context for the way mental disorders present themselves depending on the patient's origin.
Materials and methods
We report the detailed case of a 23-year-old Moroccan woman, attended for the first time by the mental health services when she was 8. Since that moment, she felt herself possessed by a strange being. Auditory hallucinations appeared. It was only when her father or her husband were at home that she felt the “being” was gone. Her husband, as formerly his father, represented a symbol of protection against that evil being and indeed against her mental disorder, which was directly related to her cultural beliefs.
Discussion
Every country has a different culture and every migration brings with it a new environment. The way people adapt to it may result in mental illness. We want to discuss if symptoms fit international diagnosis classifications.
Conclusion
Psychiatrists should become aware of the limitations of the international classifications when used on different ethnic groups. We should have a cultural approach in order to treat the diverse populations from all around the world.
Disclosure of interest
The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.