Competency research in the rehabilitation profession and that of rehabilitation counselling in particular, has an extensive pedigree. This article reviews the significant research in the field and details several of the instruments used in competency research to date. Issues concerning the current use of competency research and the future role of such research are discussed.

Getting a better understanding of the evolution and nucleosynthetic yields of the most metal-poor stars (Z ≲ 10−5) is critical because they are part of the big picture of the history of the primitive universe. Yet many of the remaining unknowns of stellar evolution lie in the birth, life, and death of these objects. We review stellar evolution of intermediate-mass Z ≤ 10−5 models existing in the literature, with a particular focus on the problem of their final fates. We emphasise the importance of the mixing episodes between the stellar envelope and the nuclearly processed core, which occur after stars exhaust their central He (second dredge-up and dredge-out episodes). The depth and efficiency of these episodes are critical to determine the mass limits for the formation of electron-capture SNe. Our knowledge of these phenomena is not complete because they are strongly affected by the choice of input physics. These uncertainties affect stars in all mass and metallicity ranges. However, difficulties in calibration pose additional challenges in the case of the most metal-poor stars. We also consider the alternative SN I1/2 channel to form SNe out of the most metal-poor intermediate-mass objects. In this case, it is critical to understand the thermally pulsing Asymptotic Giant Branch evolution until the late stages. Efficient second dredge-up and, later, third dredge-up episodes could be able to pollute stellar envelopes enough for the stars to undergo thermal pulses in a way very similar to that of higher initial Z objects. Inefficient second and/or third dredge-up may leave an almost pristine envelope, unable to sustain strong stellar winds. This may allow the H-exhausted core to grow to the Chandrasekhar mass before the envelope is completely lost, and thus let the star explode as an SN I1/2. After reviewing the information available on these two possible channels for the formation of SNe, we discuss existing nucleosynthetic yields of stars of metallicity Z ≤ 10−5 and present an example of nucleosynthetic calculations for a thermally pulsing Super-Asymptotic Giant Branch star of Z = 10−5. We compare theoretical predictions with observations of the lowest [Fe/H] objects detected. The review closes by discussing current open questions as well as possible fruitful avenues for future research.

We present a model for the scaling of mixing in weakly rotating stratified flows characterized by their Rossby, Froude and Reynolds numbers $Ro,Fr$ , $Re$ . This model is based on quasi-equipartition between kinetic and potential modes, sub-dominant vertical velocity, $w$ , and lessening of the energy transfer to small scales as measured by a dissipation efficiency $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}_{V}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}_{D}$ , with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}_{V}$ the kinetic energy dissipation and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}_{D}=u_{rms}^{3}/L_{int}$ its dimensional expression, with $w,u_{rms}$ the vertical and root mean square velocities, and $L_{int}$ the integral scale. We determine the domains of validity of such laws for a large numerical study of the unforced Boussinesq equations mostly on grids of $1024^{3}$ points, with $Ro/Fr\geqslant 2.5$ , and with $1600\leqslant Re\approx 5.4\times 10^{4}$ ; the Prandtl number is one, initial conditions are either isotropic and at large scale for the velocity and zero for the temperature $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ , or in geostrophic balance. Three regimes in Froude number, as for stratified flows, are observed: dominant waves, eddy–wave interactions and strong turbulence. A wave–turbulence balance for the transfer time $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{tr}=N\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{NL}^{2}$ , with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{NL}=L_{int}/u_{rms}$ the turnover time and $N$ the Brunt–Väisälä frequency, leads to $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ growing linearly with $Fr$ in the intermediate regime, with a saturation at $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\approx 0.3$ or more, depending on initial conditions for larger Froude numbers. The Ellison scale is also found to scale linearly with $Fr$ . The flux Richardson number $R_{f}=B_{f}/[B_{f}+\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}_{V}]$ , with $B_{f}=N\langle w\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}\rangle$ the buoyancy flux, transitions for approximately the same parameter values as for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ . These regimes for the present study are delimited by ${\mathcal{R}}_{B}=ReFr^{2}\approx 2$ and $R_{B}\approx 200$ . With $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}_{f}=R_{f}/[1-R_{f}]$ the mixing efficiency, putting together the three relationships of the model allows for the prediction of the scaling $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}_{f}\sim Fr^{-2}\sim {\mathcal{R}}_{B}^{-1}$ in the low and intermediate regimes for high $Re$ , whereas for higher Froude numbers, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}_{f}\sim {\mathcal{R}}_{B}^{-1/2}$ , a scaling already found in observations: as turbulence strengthens, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\sim 1$ , $w\approx u_{rms}$ , and smaller buoyancy fluxes together correspond to a decoupling of velocity and temperature fluctuations, the latter becoming passive.

This paper presents the results of Phase 3 of The RETURN Project, a European Study which aimed to reduce long term absenteeism in the workplace. Phases 1 and 2 have been described in detail elsewhere. The study adopted an iterative approach that explored LTA from three different perspectives: the System, the Expert and the Employer. This paper describes how the outputs of both the System and the Expert phases in combination with other tools focused on Disability Management (DM) were used to generate an interactive multi-jurisdictional assessment protocol tool for evaluating company based responses in managing employees on long term absence. The RETURN Protocol was field tested in different regulatory contexts using a company case study approach. Results of the field test carried out in six European companies are presented and the future and appropriate use of the protocol tool is discussed.

Leishmaniasis are diseases caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania and transmitted to humans by the bite of infected insects of the subfamily Phlebotominae. Current drug therapy shows high toxicity and severe adverse effects. Recently, two oligopeptidases (OPBs) were identified in Leishmania amazonensis, namely oligopeptidase B (OPB) and oligopeptidase B2 (OPB2). These OPBs could be ideal targets, since both enzymes are expressed in all parasite lifecycle and were not identified in human. This work aimed to identify possible dual inhibitors of OPB and OPB2 from L. amazonensis. The three-dimensional structures of both enzymes were built by comparative modelling and used to perform a virtual screening of ZINC database by DOCK Blaster server. It is the first time that OPB models from L. amazonensis are used to virtual screening approach. Four hundred compounds were identified as possible inhibitors to each enzyme. The top scored compounds were submitted to refinement by AutoDock program. The best results suggest that compounds interact with important residues, as Tyr490, Glu612 and Arg655 (OPB numbers). The identified compounds showed better results than antipain and drugs currently used against leishmaniasis when ADMET in silico were performed. These compounds could be explored in order to find dual inhibitors of OPB and OPB2 from L. amazonensis.

Acceptance of chronic pain is associated with positive health outcomes. The study examined participants’ chronic pain experiences by exploring two acceptance factors: pain willingness and activity engagement. Eleven participants (seven women and four men) participated in semi-structured interviews. Interview transcripts were analysed to identify pain willingness and activity engagement in participants’ experiences. The study found that participants demonstrated some pain willingness and activity engagement, but that avoidance and control could result in unwanted activity restrictions. Three themes were identified in participants’ accounts of getting on with their lives: making necessary adjustments, taking control and finding purpose and meaning. To improve outcomes for people with chronic pain, counsellors and rehabilitation professionals should encourage pain acceptance, and educate their clients about the effects of social withdrawal, and avoidance and control of pain.

Originally presented at the National Injury Management and Prevention Conference: Transition and Change, on April 27, 2006, which was held at the Hyatt Regency, Adelaide, South Australia. Reprinted with the permission of the authors.

Work in the Australian construction industry is fraught with risk and the potential for serious harm. The industry is consistently placed within the three most hazardous industries to work along with other industries such as mining and transport (National Occupational Health and Safety Commission, 2003). In the 2001 to 2002 period, construction work killed 39 people and injured 13,250 more. Hence, more effort is required to reduce the injury rate and maximise the value of the rehabilitation/back-to-work process.

Therapeutic intervention usually begins with a detailed description of the presenting problem and its antecedent history. Through the process of communicating their problem the client presents a story, potentially laden with their experiences, attitudes, beliefs and understandings. The topic and manner in which a story is relayed provides direct and indirect sources of information that help the therapist to both understand the client's problem and formulate goals and approaches to therapy. Rather than simply using the client's story as a guide to understanding and treatment, narrative therapy focuses on the client's story or ‘narrative’ as a medium through which change can be effected. During the process of narrative therapy the client is encouraged to deconstruct and critically appraise their story in the search for new meanings (White & Epston, 1990). The client is encouraged to retell their story with new language and new insights. Thus, the implementation of narrative therapy may be construed as a natural extension of taking the client's problem history, where the story told serves as the content foundation for the therapeutic process. The purpose of the present article is to provide a brief overview of narrative therapy techniques and their application in counselling.

Landowners and game reserve managers are often faced with the decision whether to undertake consumptive (such as hunting) and/or non-consumptive (such as tourism) use of wildlife resources on their properties. Here a theoretical model was used to examine cases where the game reserve management allocated the amount of land devoted to hunting (trophy hunting) and tourism, based on three scenarios: (1) hunting is separated from tourism but wildlife is shared; (2) hunting and tourism co-exist; and (3) hunting and tourism are separated by a fence. The consumptive and non-consumptive uses are not mutually exclusive; careful planning is needed to ensure that multiple management objectives can be met. Further, the analysis indicates that the two uses may be undertaken in the same area. Whether they are spatially, or temporally separated depends on the magnitude of the consumptive use. When consumptive use is not dominant, the two are compatible in the same shared area, provided the wildlife population is sufficiently large.

In this investigation of rehabilitation professionals in Australasia, where the profession of rehabilitation counselling might be described as emerging, the appropriateness of the Rehabilitation Skills Inventory for use in Australasian settings was evaluated. This resulted in an amendment to the original instrument and the development of the RSI (Amended) instrument. The instrument validation is discussed and the four component solution described.