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This study examined the associations between accelerometer-derived sedentary time (ST), lower intensity physical activity (LPA), higher intensity physical activity (HPA) and the incidence of depressive symptoms over 4 years of follow-up.
Methods
We included 2082 participants from The Maastricht Study (mean ± s.d. age 60.1 ± 8.0 years; 51.2% men) without depressive symptoms at baseline. ST, LPA and HPA were measured with the ActivPAL3 activity monitor. Depressive symptoms were measured annually over 4 years of follow-up with the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Cox regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between ST, LPA, HPA and incident depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ⩾ 10). Analyses were adjusted for total waking time per day, age, sex, education level, type 2 diabetes mellitus, body mass index, total energy intake, smoking status and alcohol use.
Results
During 7812.81 person-years of follow-up, 203 (9.8%) participants developed incident depressive symptoms. No significant associations [Hazard Ratio (95% confidence interval)] were found between sex-specific tertiles of ST (lowest v. highest tertile) [1.13 (0.76–1.66], or HPA (highest v. lowest tertile) [1.14 (0.78–1.69)] and incident depressive symptoms. LPA (highest v. lowest tertile) was statistically significantly associated with incident depressive symptoms in women [1.98 (1.19–3.29)], but not in men (p-interaction <0.01).
Conclusions
We did not observe an association between ST or HPA and incident depressive symptoms. Lower levels of daily LPA were associated with an increased risk of incident depressive symptoms in women. Future research is needed to investigate accelerometer-derived measured physical activity and ST with incident depressive symptoms, preferably stratified by sex.
Strengthening health systems and maintaining essential service delivery during health emergencies response is critical for early detection and diagnosis, prompt treatment, and effective control of pandemics, including the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Health information systems (HIS) developed during recent Ebola outbreaks in West Africa and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) provided opportunities to collect, analyze, and distribute data to inform both day-to-day and long-term policy decisions on outbreak preparedness. As COVID-19 continues to sweep across the globe, HIS and related technological advancements remain vital for effective and sustained data sharing, contact tracing, mapping and monitoring, community risk sensitization and engagement, preventive education, and timely preparedness and response activities. In reviewing literature of how HIS could have further supported mitigation of these Ebola outbreaks and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, 3 key areas were identified: governance and coordination, health systems infrastructure and resources, and community engagement. In this concept study, we outline scalable HIS lessons from recent Ebola outbreaks and early COVID-19 responses along these 3 domains, synthesizing recommendations to offer clear, evidence-based approaches on how to leverage HIS to strengthen the current pandemic response and foster community health systems resilience moving forward.
Despite growing international attention, the anthropological and socio-behavioral elements of epidemics continue to be understudied and under resourced and lag behind the traditional outbreak response infrastructure. As seen in the current 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the importance of socio-behavioral elements in understanding transmission and facilitating control of many outbreak-prone pathogens, this is problematic. Beyond the recent strengthening of global outbreak response capacities and global health security measures, a greater focus on the socio-behavioral components of outbreak response is required. We add to the current discussion by briefly highlighting the importance of socio-behavior in the Ebola virus disease (EVD) response, and describe vital areas of future development, including methods for community engagement and validated frameworks for behavioral modeling and change in outbreak settings.
OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The modified Atkins diet (MAD) is used in the management of drug-resistant epilepsy in adults. Some patients on MAD show an increase in serum levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. We explored whether dietary fat composition predicts short-term elevations in serum lipid levels in diet-naïve adults who begin MAD. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Participants self-reported their diet intake with 3-day food records at baseline, 1 month and 2 months. Food records were analyzed using Nutrition Data System for Research software. Fasting serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides were also collected and LDL level calculated at baseline, 1 month, and 2 months. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: 38 patients submitted complete food records at each study visit (baseline, 1 month, and 2 month). Compared to baseline diet intake, there was a significant reduction in daily carbohydrate intake at 1 and 2 months months (p<0.001). There was also a significant increase in daily saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake at 1 and 2 months (p<0.001), daily mono-unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake at 1 and 2 months (p<0.001), and daily cholesterol intake at 1 month (p<0.05) and 2 months (p<0.001), but no change in daily poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake over time. Compared to baseline, there was a significant increase in serum LDL at 1 month (p<0.001) and 2 months (p<0.01) and an increase in serum TC at 1 month (p<0.01) but not 2 months. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT : Despite a significant increase in total fat, saturated fat and mono-unsaturated fat intake as well as an increase in total cholesterol and LDL levels following MAD initiation, dietary fat composition appears to minimally predict serum lipid values in the short term. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: Tanya McDonald has received speaking honoraria from Nutricia North America. Bobbie Henry-Barron receives grants from Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR) which is funded in part by Grant Number UL1 TR 001079 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research, Nutricia and Vitaflo. Diane Vizthum receives grants from the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR) which is funded in part by Grant Number UL1 TR 001079 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. Mackenzie C. Cervenka has received grant support from Nutricia North America, Vitaflo, Army Research Laboratory, The William and Ella Owens Medical Research Foundation and BrightFocus Foundation. She receives speaking honoraria from LivaNova, Epigenix, Nutricia North America and the Glut1 Deficiency Foundation and performs consulting with Nutricia North America and Sage Therapeutics and receives Royalties from Demos Health.
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) systems have developed protocols for prehospital activation of the cardiac catheterization laboratory for patients with suspected ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) to decrease first-medical-contact-to-balloon time (FMC2B). The rate of “false positive” prehospital activations is high. In order to decrease this rate and expedite care for patients with true STEMI, the American Heart Association (AHA; Dallas, Texas USA) developed the Mission Lifeline PreAct STEMI algorithm, which was implemented in Los Angeles County (LAC; California USA) in 2015. The hypothesis of this study was that implementation of the PreAct algorithm would increase the positive predictive value (PPV) of prehospital activation.
Methods:
This is an observational pre-/post-study of the effect of the implementation of the PreAct algorithm for patients with suspected STEMI transported to one of five STEMI Receiving Centers (SRCs) within the LAC Regional System. The primary outcome was the PPV of cardiac catheterization laboratory activation for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). The secondary outcome was FMC2B.
Results:
A total of 1,877 patients were analyzed for the primary outcome in the pre-intervention period and 405 patients in the post-intervention period. There was an overall decrease in cardiac catheterization laboratory activations, from 67% in the pre-intervention period to 49% in the post-intervention period (95% CI for the difference, -14% to -22%). The overall rate of cardiac catheterization declined in post-intervention period as compared the pre-intervention period, from 34% to 30% (95% CI, for the difference -7.6% to 0.4%), but actually increased for subjects who had activation (48% versus 58%; 95% CI, 4.6%-15.0%). Implementation of the PreAct algorithm was associated with an increase in the PPV of activation for PCI or CABG from 37.9% to 48.6%. The overall odds ratio (OR) associated with the intervention was 1.4 (95% CI, 1.1-1.8). The effect of the intervention was to decrease variability between medical centers. There was no associated change in average FMC2B.
Conclusions:
The implementation of the PreAct algorithm in the LAC EMS system was associated with an overall increase in the PPV of cardiac catheterization laboratory activation.
Background: Trauma care represents a complex patient journey, requiring multi-disciplinary coordinated care. Team members are human, and as such, how they feel about their colleagues and their work affects performance. The challenge for health service leaders is enabling culture that supports high levels of collaboration, cooperation and coordination across diverse groups. Aim Statement: We aimed to define and set the agenda for improvement of the relational aspects of trauma care at a large tertiary care hospital. Measures & Design: We conducted a mixed-methods collaborative ethnography using the Relational Coordination survey – an established tool to analyze the relational dimensions of multidisciplinary teamwork – participant observation, interviews, and narrative surveys. Findings were presented to clinicians in working groups for further interpretation and to facilitate co-creation of targeted interventions designed to improve team relationships and performance. Evaluation/Results: We engaged a complex multidisciplinary network of ~500 care providers dispersed across seven core interdependent clinical disciplines. Initial findings highlighted the importance of relationships in trauma care and opportunities to improve. Narrative survey and ethnographic findings further highlighted the centrality of a translational simulation program in contributing positively to team culture and relational ties. A range of 16 interventions – focusing on structural, process and relational dimensions – were co-created with participants and are now being implemented and evaluated by various trauma care providers. Discussion/Impact: Through engagement of clinicians spanning organizational boundaries, relational aspects of care can be measured and directly targeted in a collaborative quality improvement process. We encourage health care leaders to consider relationship-based quality improvement strategies, including translational simulation and relational coordination processes, in their efforts to improve care for patients with complex, interdependent journeys.
Le trouble bipolaire (TB) est une maladie chronique sévère qui atteint 1 à 4 % de la population générale. Le TB entraîne un handicap majeur lié au très haut niveau de rechute (60 % à 2 ans), à l’impact fonctionnel des comorbidités associées et aux troubles persistants entre les épisodes. Cette maladie récurrente a été reconnue par l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) comme la septième cause de handicap par année de vie parmi toutes les maladies dans la population des 15 à 44 ans [1]. L’arrivée nouvelle du DSM-5 témoigne de la volonté d’amélioration des outils de classification diagnostique à partir des biomarqueurs validés dans chaque trouble psychiatrique. Néanmoins, l’identification de tels biomarqueurs n’est pas toujours facile et se heurte à la complexité et à l’hétérogénéité des pathologies dont celle du trouble bipolaire. Ainsi, des efforts croissants sont fait afin d’identifier de nouveaux biomarqueurs du TB qui corrèlent avec des symptômes ou des dimensions cliniques de la maladie. Des travaux récents ont mis l’accent sur l’intérêt de biomarqueurs pour les TB dans le champ de la neuro-imagerie [2], des rythmes circadiens [3] et de certains marqueurs moléculaires [4]. Ces biomarqueurs ont pour objectif d’aider non seulement au meilleur dépistage du trouble et à sa meilleure compréhension physiopathologique, mais aussi à la prévention des rechutes, à l’évaluation de l4efficacité des thérapeutiques et à la prédiction de la réponse thérapeutique. Cette recherche de biomarqueurs s’inscrit dans un effort général de la recherche d’une médecine personnalisée.
The aim of this work was to identify factors associated with homelessness status in patients admitted to the psychiatric emergency ward of a French public teaching hospital over the 6-year study period (2001-2006).
Methods
The study was based on a retrospective review of the psychiatric emergency ward's administrative and medical computer databases. Each emergency care episode had accompanying data including demographic, financial, clinical, and management information.
Results
During this 6-year study, the psychiatric service recorded 16,754 care episodes concerning 8,860 different patients, of which 591 were homeless (6.7%) and 8,269 were non-homeless (93.3%). The mean ± SD number of visits to the psychiatric emergency service was higher for homeless (4.9±12.3) than for non-homeless patients (1.7±2.4) (p< .001). A total of 331 homeless patients (56%) had more than one care episode, versus 2,180 (26%) for non-homeless patients. Factors associated with homelessness included male sex, single status, and the reception of social financial assistance. Schizophrenia (43.7%) and substance use disorders (31.0%) were the most frequent disorders in homeless patients. Aggressive behaviour and violence were reported equally in homeless and non-homeless patients. Homeless patients were hospitalized less often after having received care in the emergency ward.
Conclusion
Although there is near-universal access to free mental health care in France, our findings suggest that the quality and adequacy of subsequent care were not always guaranteed. Multidisciplinary and collaborative solutions are needed to improve the management of homeless patients.
Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) is a statistical method created to explore the heterogeneity of clinical groups based on their longitudinal outcomes by identifying distinct trajectories of change. This model can be applied to assess heterogeneity in responses to treatment. This pilot study explored the relevance of the GBTM associated with the dimensional evaluation of mood (MATHYS) to define trajectory of recovery in acute bipolar mood episodes on a short period of time during a naturalistic study.
Method
The sample consisted in 118 bipolar patients and all patients were recruited during an acute phase: 56% had a major depressive episode, 26% a manic or hypomanic episode, and 18% a mixed state using the DSM-IV criteria. Patients were assessed four times with MATHYS during a three weeks follow-up period. It is an observational study and treatment was prescribed as usual. We applied the GBTM method and MATHYS total score to define trajectories of recovery.
Results
This method allows identifying 4 trajectories of recovery. At Baseline, two of them started with a score of inhibition but with quite different evolutive profiles (stable inhibition versus improvement). The two others trajectories started with a score of activation (mild versus moderate) and showed a linear improvement of symptoms but with a more rapid recovery for the patients with the higher activation at baseline.
Conclusion
When considering the diagnosis of patients belonging in each trajectory, there model seems particular relevant to explore the high heterogeneity in response to treatment in bipolar patients during an acute depressive episode.
ENBREC (European Network of Bipolar Research Expert Centres) is a disease-oriented network designed to set up a EU-wide network of expert centres, specialized in research and care in bipolar disorders. The European added value is to share expertise in the different fields of research and to have access to large cohorts of patient. It is an FP7 project whith 6 countries involved.
ENBREC will provide an EU-integrated facility for research on epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and on the mechanisms of bipolar disorders.
A preliminary step was to develop a computerized medical file to collect in a same manner a minimum set of clinical data to perform observational studies. We also include a common cognitive battery. Patients will be re-assessed every 6 months. This systematic assessment is the minimum required to be involved as an expert centre of the network. In parallel, we will collect DNA samples to perform genetic studies on well-characterized patients. Moreover, data from scanners performed for diagnostic purpose will be pooled to provide a large sample of structural brain pictures.
Other modules are proposed in the framework of the expert centres for observational studies with a high frequency of assessment to be able to capture more detailed description in psychopathological variables and in treatment response.
This cohort will allow selecting and recruiting patients for interventional studies or in specific programmes of research. Large cohorts of well-characterized patients are needed to improve the knowledge of this heterogeneous disease and to translate research outcomes into health improvements.
Objective. As some temperament profiles may be markers of genetic vulnerability traits, we aimed to compare sensation seeking in euthymic bipolar patients and in controls. Methods. One hundred ninety-four patients fulfilling DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorders (BP), 81% of whom presented type I BP, and 95 controls were included in this study. Euthymia was assessed using both the MADRS and Bech mania scales. Subjects were evaluated using the French abbreviated form of Zuckerman’s Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS), which provide a total score (TS) and four subscores: Thrill and Adventure Seeking (TAS), Experience Seeking (ES), Disinhibition (Dis), and Boredom Susceptibility (BS). Results. SSS total score differed significantly between men (17.2 ± 0.5) and women (15.3 ± 0.6) (P = 0.02) and all the subscores were negatively correlated with age. On adjustement for sex and age, we found that bipolar patients had a high Dis score (P = 0.003). However, if the same analysis was performed with a lifetime history of alcohol abuse or dependence as a covariable, no such difference was found (P = 0.436). The SSS demonstrated a high degree of test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.91). Conclusion. These results suggest that sensation seeking assessed with the SSS is not a temperament characteristic associated with bipolar disorders but is instead linked to a tendency towards alcohol abuse.
EUthymic states in bipolar disorders are generally considered to be devoid of severe symptoms. However, bipolar patients present subsyndromal symptoms for half of their life, and often have comorbid psychiatric disorders. If we go beyond the concept of temperamental features, can we identify certain emotional characteristics distinguishing normothymic bipolar patients from normal controls? The aim of this study was to assess the emotional reactivity of normothymic bipolar patients, comparing such patients with a normal control group during an experimental mood induction procedure.
We evaluated the subjective emotional reactivity of 145 subjects (90 control subjects and 55 normothymic bipolar patients), using an emotional induction method based on the viewing of a set of slides (6 positive, 6 negative, 6 neutral) extracted from International Affective Picture System. Subjective valence and arousal were recorded with the Self Assessment Manikin.
We also recorded startle reflexes.
Normothymic bipolar patients and normal controls assessed valence and arousal similarly for positive and negative images. However, neutral images were considered more pleasant, and induced a higher level of arousal, in normothymic bipolar patients than in control subjects. Neutral pictures also triggered a stronger startle reflex in normothymic bipolar patients compared to controls.
Normothymic bipolar patients displayed emotional hyper-reactivity, mostly evidenced in neutral situations. This feature may be linked to emotional dysregulation and is a potential endophenotype and or a risk factor for bipolar disorders. This trait may be responsible for vulnerability to minor stressful events in everyday life. These findings have potential implications for the daily management.
Two common approaches to identify subgroups of patients with bipolar disorder are clustering methodology (mixture analysis) based on the age of onset, and a birth cohort analysis. This study investigates if a birth cohort effect will influence the results of clustering on the age of onset, using a large, international database.
Methods:
The database includes 4037 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder, previously collected at 36 collection sites in 23 countries. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to adjust the data for country median age, and in some models, birth cohort. Model-based clustering (mixture analysis) was then performed on the age of onset data using the residuals. Clinical variables in subgroups were compared.
Results:
There was a strong birth cohort effect. Without adjusting for the birth cohort, three subgroups were found by clustering. After adjusting for the birth cohort or when considering only those born after 1959, two subgroups were found. With results of either two or three subgroups, the youngest subgroup was more likely to have a family history of mood disorders and a first episode with depressed polarity. However, without adjusting for birth cohort (three subgroups), family history and polarity of the first episode could not be distinguished between the middle and oldest subgroups.
Conclusion:
These results using international data confirm prior findings using single country data, that there are subgroups of bipolar I disorder based on the age of onset, and that there is a birth cohort effect. Including the birth cohort adjustment altered the number and characteristics of subgroups detected when clustering by age of onset. Further investigation is needed to determine if combining both approaches will identify subgroups that are more useful for research.
Face aux difficultés persistantes pour traiter efficacement la dépression bipolaire et à la complexité des guidelines, il est indispensable d’identifier des prédicteurs de réponse aux traitements médicamenteux afin d’améliorer le pronostic fonctionnel des patients. Des études cliniques avec une approche dimensionnelle ont montré que les dépressions bipolaires pouvaient être caractérisées par la réactivité émotionnelle , celle-ci pouvant constituer un marqueur d’intérêt de réponse aux traitements pharmacologiques. Dans cette perspective, l’utilisation de modèles statistiques de trajectoire pour différencier des profils cliniques de réponses aux traitements a permis de montrer que l’hyperréactivité émotionnelle serait un facteur prédictif d’une bonne réponse aux antipsychotiques atypiques. Cependant, certaines dépressions bipolaires avec une hyporéactivité émotionnelle semblent résister aux traitements classiques. De ce fait, plusieurs études ont testé l’intérêt de thérapeutiques moins conventionnelles dans le traitement des dépressions bipolaires résistantes aux traitements habituels . Le pramipexole est un agoniste dopaminergique dont la particularité est d’avoir une affinité sélective pour les récepteurs D3 de la voie mésolimbique. Les données actuelles concernant l’efficacité antidépressive de ce traitement dans les dépressions bipolaires résistantes semblent en faveur de taux de réponses et de rémission significativement plus importants et plus précoces (dès la 3e semaine) en comparaison à des antidépresseurs classiques ou d’un placebo, et d’une bonne tolérance . Une série d’observations cliniques chez 64 patients souffrant de dépression (uni ou bipolaire) suivis en ambulatoire a montré une efficacité du pramipexole sur les symptômes de dépression dans un délai de 3 à 17 jours à des doses moyennes de 1,4 mg/j. L’hyporéactivité émotionnelle pourrait être un indicateur d’une meilleure efficacité du traitement. Nous proposons dans ce symposium de mettre en perspective les caractéristiques cliniques des dépressions bipolaires qui pourraient orienter le choix du clinicien entre antipsychotiques atypiques, antidépresseurs et thérapeutiques innovantes.
Obesity and excess bodyweight are highly prevalent in individuals with bipolar disorders (BD) and are associated with adverse consequences. Multiple factors may explain increased bodyweight in BD including side effects of psychotropic medications, and reduced physical activity. Research in the general population demonstrates that sleep disturbances may also contribute to metabolic burden. We present a cross-sectional study of the associations between body mass index (BMI) and sleep parameters in patients with BD as compared with healthy controls (HC).
Methods:
Twenty-six French outpatients with remitted BD and 29 HC with a similar BMI completed a 21-day study of sleep parameters using objective (actigraphy) and subjective (PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) assessments.
Results:
In BD cases, but not in HC, higher BMI was significantly correlated with lower sleep efficiency (P = 0.009) and with several other sleep parameters: shorter total sleep time (P = 0.01), longer sleep onset latency (P = 0.05), higher fragmentation index (P = 0.008), higher inter-day variability (P = 0.05) and higher PSQI total score (P = 0.004).
Conclusions:
The findings suggest a link between a high BMI and several sleep disturbances in BD, including lower sleep efficiency. Physiological mechanisms in BD cases may include an exaggeration of phenomena observed in non-clinical populations. However, larger scale studies are required to clarify the links between metabolic and sleep-wake cycle disturbances in BD.
Le pramipexole est un agoniste dopaminergique, connu pour son utilisation dans la maladie de Parkinson idiopathique, dont la particularité est d’avoir une affinité sélective pour les récepteurs D3 de la voie mésolimbique. Le rôle de la dopamine ayant été mis en évidence dans la physiopathologie de la dépression, des études se sont intéressées à l’action antidépressive du pramipexole et ont démontré une efficacité comparable à celle d’un inhibiteur sélectif de la recapture de la sérotonine dans le traitement des épisodes dépressifs unipolaires . Du fait de la résistance aux traitements conventionnels de certaines formes de dépressions bipolaires, plusieurs études ont testé l’intérêt de thérapeutiques moins conventionnelles, en particulier le pramipexole, dans le traitement des dépressions bipolaires réfractaires . Les données actuelles concernant l’efficacité antidépressive de ce traitement dans les dépressions bipolaires résistantes sont peu nombreuses, et semblent toutefois en faveur de taux de réponse et de rémission significativement plus importants et plus précoces (dès la 3e semaine) en comparaison à des antidépresseurs classiques ou d’un placebo. Nous détaillerons les données de la littérature concernant les dépressions bipolaires. La dose moyenne quotidienne entre les études était d’1,6 mg au profil d’une bonne tolérance , ce qui était confirmé par les études de suivi au long court. Toutefois, le faible nombre d’études réalisées ne fournissait pas d’informations sur le profil clinique des patients qui pourraient bénéficier de ce type de traitement. Du fait de son action agoniste sélective centrale sur une voie impliquée dans les processus motivationnels et de récompense, on peut supposer que certaines dépressions caractérisées par une apathie et une hyporéactivité émotionnelle seraient davantage susceptibles de bien répondre à ce traitement. Afin de confirmer cette hypothèse, nous présenterons une série d’observations cliniques chez des patients souffrant de dépression bipolaire, pour lesquels nous avons évalué l’efficacité du pramipexole sur les symptômes de dépression.
To examine the predictive diagnostic value of affective symptomatology in a first-episode psychosis (FEP) sample with 5 years’ follow-up.
Method
Affective dimensions (depressive, manic, activation, dysphoric) were measured at baseline and 5 years in 112 FEP patients based on a factor structure analysis using the Young Mania Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Patients were classified as having a diagnosis of bipolar disorder at baseline (BDi), bipolar disorder at 5 years (BDf), or “other psychosis”. The ability of affective dimensions to discriminate between these diagnostic groups and to predict a bipolar disorder diagnosis was analysed.
Results
Manic dimension score was higher in BDi vs. BDf, and both groups had higher manic and activation scores vs. “other psychosis”. Activation dimension predicted a bipolar diagnosis at 5 years (odds ratio = 1.383; 95% confidence interval, 1.205–1.587; P = 0.000), and showed high levels of sensitivity (86.2%), specificity (71.7%), positive (57.8%) and negative predictive value (90.5%). Absence of the manic dimension and presence of the depressive dimension were both significant predictors of an early misdiagnosis.
Conclusion
The activation dimension is a diagnostic predictor for bipolar disorder in FEP. The manic dimension contributes to a bipolar diagnosis and its absence can lead to early misdiagnosis.
Olfactory dysfunction has been correlated with alterations in the emotional processes in several neuropsychiatric disorders. However, there is little research on olfactory processing and emotional regulation in bipolar disorder. We aim to explore the potential relationship between these two relevant dimensions (olfaction and emotional response) in patients with bipolar disorders.
Methods
Olfactory perception and emotional reactivity were assessed by the Multidimensional Assessment of Thymic State (MATHYS) in a large sample of stable bipolar patients (N = 1,271).
Preliminary Results
We observed a significant negative correlation between olfactory perception and subsyndromal depressive symptoms (r=-0.8; P < 0.01) while a slight positive correlation between olfactory perception and manic symptoms was found (r=0.2; P < 0.01). Limitations: The degree of olfactory perception was assessed by self-report questionnaire.
Conclusion
Odor perception may be an illness state marker of mood syndromes in bipolar disorder. Alternatively, differences in odor perception may identify heterogeneous subgroups within the bipolar spectrum. Further studies are needed to understand the implications of odor perception as well as other signatures (e.g. deficit in odor acuity, deficits in the affective processing related to olfaction) in patients with bipolar disorder.
Antidepressants may induce manic or hypomanic episodes. The identification of predictors of antidepressant- induced mania (AIM) is essential to improve the management of bipolar disorder (BD). However, the rare studies on AIM are generally characterized by small sample sizes, varying definitions of AIM and heterogeneous groups of patients, thus leading to conflicting results.
Objectives
To compare a population of AIM(+) to AIM(-) patients in order to identify specific clinical factors associated with AIM.
Methods
All 252 participants met the DSM-IV criteria for BD. Only patients who reported AIM in the 90 days after the beginning of an antidepressant (with or without a mood stabilizer) were diagnosed as AIM (+) and those without any lifetime history of AIM despite lifetime antidepressant prescription were considered AIM (-). Sociodemographic and clinical factors were collected using the DIGS, ALS, AIS BIS and WURS.
Results
AIM(+) (N=74) and AIM(-) (N=178) patients did not differ significantly in terms of age, gender distribution, bipolar disorder duration and age of onset, ALS, BIS and WURS score. However, the rates of rapid cyclers, lifetime history of suicidal acts, alcohol use disorder and AIS score were significantly higher in the AIM(+)group. The type of polarity of onset was significantly different in both groups.
Conclusions
A history of rapid cycling, of suicidal acts and of alcohol use disorder could be considered as risk factors of AIM in BD. Patients with these factors could therefore be identified as a vulnerable subgroup prone to manic switch with antidepressant.