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20 results

The Euclidean Programme

The Euclidean Programme
  • A. C. Paseau, Wesley Wrigley
  • Published online:
    31 January 2024
    Print publication:
    22 February 2024
  • The Euclidean Programme embodies a traditional sort of epistemological foundationalism, according to which knowledge – especially mathematical knowledge – is obtained by deduction from self-evident axioms or first principles. Epistemologists have examined foundationalism extensively, but neglected its historically dominant Euclidean form. By contrast, this book offers a detailed examination of Euclidean foundationalism, which, following Lakatos, the authors call the Euclidean Programme. The book rationally reconstructs the programme's key principles, showing it to be an epistemological interpretation of the axiomatic method. It then compares the reconstructed programme with select historical sources: Euclid's Elements, Aristotle's Posterior Analytics, Descartes's Discourse on Method, Pascal's On the Geometric Mind and a twentieth-century account of axiomatisation. The second half of the book philosophically assesses the programme, exploring whether various areas of contemporary mathematics conform to it. The book concludes by outlining a replacement for the Euclidean Programme.

  • The Christian Revolution in Buganda*

  • C. C. Wrigley
  • Journal:
    Comparative Studies in Society and History / Volume 2 / Issue 1 / October 1959
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    03 June 2009, pp. 33-48

  • The kingdom of Buganda, which extends over some seventeen thousand square miles of very fertile country to the north-west of Lake Victoria, was the original nucleus of the British Protectorate to which it has given its name. It was, indeed, the first firm base which the British possessed in the interior of East Africa, and it provided the model, and to a large extent the personnel, for the administration of the surrounding areas. Buganda was also the first part of as East Africa in which Christian teaching took root, and the centre from which Christian beliefs were diffused among a wide range of heathen tribes. The Baganda were the first people in the region to become literate, and the first to take part, with any degree of willingness and success, in the cultivation of exportable crops.

  • 2 - Aspects of economic history

  • Edited by Andrew D. Roberts
  • Book:
    The Colonial Moment in Africa
    Published online:
    09 January 2010
    Print publication:
    28 September 1990, pp 77-139

  • Summary

    FOUNDATIONS OF THE COLONIAL EXPORT ECONOMY

    The economic changes that took place in Africa in the period under review have been summarised in terms of varied implication, as the economic revolution, the second stage of Africa's involvement in the world economy, the intensification of dependent peripheral capitalism, the completion of the open economy, or simply as the cuffing of Africans into the modern world. The concrete fact, however, from which these descriptions take off in different directions is not itself in much dispute. Between 1905–9 and 1935–9, exports from African countries between the Sahara and the Limpopo increased by about five times in value and by nearly as much in volume; import values rose by some three-and-a-half times, import volumes between two-and-a-half and three times. Total trade thus grew in real terms at an annual average rate of a little over 3 per cent. At first sight this is hardly a momentous expansion. For even though it was nearly double the rate of growth of world trade taken as a whole, it started from such low levels that the global impact was hardly perceptible, and was not of primary significance for the economies of the colonial powers themselves; before the Second World War, trade with sub-Saharan Africa (South Africa still excluded) never accounted for a twentieth part of the United Kingdom's exchanges. So inconspicuous, indeed, were the short-term and even the mediumterm commercial gains accruing from the European conquest of tropical Africa that many metropolitan observers, unaware that the investment was a long-term pre-emption, have concluded either that it was a mistake or that it must have been undertaken for reasons that were not commercial.

  • Stonehenge from without

  • C. C. Wrigley
  • Journal:
    Antiquity / Volume 63 / Issue 241 / December 1989
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 January 2015, pp. 746-752
    Print publication:
    December 1989

  • Mr Wrigley (Reader Emeritus in History, University of Sussex) presents himself as a witness to British prehistory ‘from without’, because he is a ‘historian ofsorts’ rather than archaeologist. Surprised to see prehistorians turning to ethnography and contemporary social theory, more than the history of intervening centuries, he offers here a different perspective.

  • 2 - Aspects of economic history

  • Edited by A. D. Roberts
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Africa
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    24 July 1986, pp 77-139

  • Summary

    This chapter summarises the economic changes that took place in Africa. Half a century or more of active 'legitimate' commerce had pre-adapted the peoples of West Africa in varying degrees to the twentieth-century type of exchange economy. Gold production in South Africa represented over half of the world output in the 1920s, though it declined to about a third in the next decade. In East Africa, moreover, European artisans and small traders were confronted by unbeatable Asian competitors. The forced cultivation of cotton by peasant farmers in German East Africa was the trigger for the great Maji Maji revolt at the beginning of post-war period. Extension of the market had greatly enhanced the value of the marginal product of Africa's land and labour, but physical productivity had hardly altered. The ox-drawn plough had been widely adopted by African farmers in South Africa, but elsewhere they had rarely found it feasible or profitable.

  • The Story of Rukidi

  • C. C. Wrigley
  • Journal:
    Africa / Volume 43 / Issue 3 / July 1973
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    23 January 2012, pp. 219-235
    Print publication:
    July 1973

  • The fascinating discussions of Nyoro symbolism which were contributed to Africa a few years ago by Rodney Needham (1967) and John Beattie (1968) included contrasting explanations of the myth which deals with the origin of the recently reigning Bito dynasty. I return now to this tale, believing it to be so fecund that even when two such scholars have done with it there still remain some footnotes to be added.