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157 results

Page 1 of 8

  • Direct Visualization of the Earliest Stages of Crystallization
  • Manish Kumar Singh, Chanchal Ghosh, Benjamin Miller, C. Barry Carter
  • Journal: Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 27 / Issue 4 / August 2021
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 May 2021, pp. 659-665
  • Print publication: August 2021
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    Investigating the earliest stages of crystallization requires the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and is particularly challenging for materials which can be affected by the electron beam. Typically, when imaging at magnifications high enough to observe local crystallinity, the electron beam's current density must be high to produce adequate image contrast. Yet, minimizing the electron dose is necessary to reduce the changes caused by the beam. With the advent of a sensitive, high-speed, direct-detection camera for a TEM that is corrected for spherical aberration, it is possible to probe the early stages of crystallization at the atomic scale. High-quality images with low contrast can now be analyzed using new computing methods. In the present paper, this approach is illustrated for crystallization in a Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST-225) phase-change material which can undergo particularly rapid phase transformations and is sensitive to the electron beam. A thin (20 nm) film of GST-225 has been directly imaged in the TEM and the low-dose images processed using Python scripting to extract details of the nanoscale nuclei. Quantitative analysis of the processed images in a video sequence also allows the growth of such nuclei to be followed.

  • Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy for materials research
  • David W. McComb, Jeffrey Lengyel, C. Barry Carter
  • Journal: MRS Bulletin / Volume 44 / Issue 12 / December 2019
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 December 2019, pp. 924-928
  • Print publication: December 2019
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    Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy is simply transmission electron microscopy conducted on specimens that are cooled in the microscope. The target temperature of the specimen might range from just below ambient temperature to less than 4 K. In general, as the temperature decreases, cost increases, especially below –77°C when liquid He is required. We have two reasons for wanting to cool the specimen—improving stability of the material or observing a material whose properties change at lower temperatures. Both types of study have a long history. The cause of excitement in this field today is that we have a perfect storm of research activity—electron microscopes are almost stable with minimal drift (we can correct what drift there is), we can prepare specimens from the bulk or build them up, we have spherical-aberration-corrected lenses and monochromated beams, we have direct-electron-detector cameras, and computers are becoming powerful enough to handle all the data we produce.

  • Transmission Microscopy: Beginning Automation
  • C. Barry Carter, David B. Williams
  • Journal: Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 25 / Issue S2 / August 2019
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 August 2019, pp. 2256-2257
  • Print publication: August 2019
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  • Teaching Microscopy Beats Analysis
  • David B. Williams, C. Barry Carter
  • Journal: Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 25 / Issue S2 / August 2019
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 August 2019, pp. 2266-2267
  • Print publication: August 2019
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  • Microscopy of the Deformation of Tantalum
  • Matthew T. Janish, Bill Mook, Shraddha J. Vachhani, Ellen Cerreta, C. Barry Carter
  • Journal: Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 22 / Issue S3 / July 2016
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 July 2016, pp. 1644-1645
  • Print publication: July 2016
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  • Dislocations and Grain Boundaries in Ceramics and Metals
  • C. Barry Carter
  • Journal: Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 22 / Issue S3 / July 2016
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 July 2016, pp. 1220-1221
  • Print publication: July 2016
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Page 1 of 8