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96 results

Page 1 of 5

  • 13 - Political Patronage in Asian Bureaucracies

  • from Part III - Autocracies
  • Edited by B. Guy Peters, University of Pittsburgh, Colin Knox, Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan, Byeong Seob Kim, Seoul National University
  • Book:
    Political Patronage in Asian Bureaucracies
    Published online:
    05 October 2023
    Print publication:
    19 October 2023, pp 311-329

  • Summary

    Patronage is present in the Asian countries examined in this collection. Several factors influence the extent and type of patronage. More institutionalised or stable party systems may be more effective in organising patronage on a partisan basis. If social structure is a strong influencing factor on patronage, then one would expect to see country studies identifying loyalty to clan, tribe or ethnic group. In fact, few countries claimed social structure as the dominant mode of patronage. We anticipated that political regime types were important in explaining patronage. The evidence across Asian countries is somewhat nuanced. Appointees in highly developed countries are more likely to be chosen for their public policy expertise than political loyalty. The evidence of the link between path dependency and political patronage is mixed. These studies of patronage in a range of Asian countries demonstrate both similarities and differences in how these appointments are used within governments. Although some countries attempt to disguise the existence of patronage, it does exist in some form. Despite its ubiquity, patronage manifests itself in different forms, and to differing degrees.

  • 1 - Patronage in Asian Political Systems

  • Edited by B. Guy Peters, University of Pittsburgh, Colin Knox, Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan, Byeong Seob Kim, Seoul National University
  • Book:
    Political Patronage in Asian Bureaucracies
    Published online:
    05 October 2023
    Print publication:
    19 October 2023, pp 1-22

  • Summary

    This framework chapter for the edited collection begins with a definition of political patronage adopted from existing research: the power of political actors to appoint individuals, using their own discretion, to non-elective positions in the public sector, irrespective of the legality of the decision. These individuals tend to be directly involved in making public policy. The book is about patronage appointments in bureaucracies in Asian countries, some with well-developed civil service systems and minimal patronage, some with high levels of patronage and a weak civil service, and others between these extremes. The framework chapter develops a typology of patronage types based on two primary criteria: basis of trust (political or personal loyalty to: the political party, politician, or a group); and, the major role of political appointees (the extent to which they influence public policy). Each of the countries in the edited collection tests the appropriateness of this typology for individual Asian case studies illustrating the fact that not all patronage is the same and what is important is the tasks being performed by appointees and the nature of the trust relationship.

Political Patronage in Asian Bureaucracies
  • Edited by B. Guy Peters, Colin Knox, Byeong Seob Kim
  • Published online:
    05 October 2023
    Print publication:
    19 October 2023
  • Political patronage is defined as political actors appointing individuals at their discretion to key positions in the public sector. The book examines this practice in the bureaucracies of 11 Asian countries through the use of a typological framework of patronage types. The framework is based on two key criteria: basis of trust and the major role of political appointees. Several countries with well-developed civil service systems showed minimal levels of patronage (Japan, Singapore and South Korea). Two countries with a weak civil service showed very high levels of patronage appointments (Bangladesh and India). Sandwiched between those extremes are countries with formal civil service systems that are heavily influenced by political parties and by social ties to society (Vietnam, Kazakhstan, and China). The book concludes that not all patronage is the same and what is important is the tasks being performed by appointees and the nature of the trust relationship.

Policy-Making as Designing
  • The Added Value of Design Thinking for Public Administration and Public Policy
  • Edited by Arwin van Buuren, Jenny M. Lewis, B. Guy Peters
  • Published by:
    Bristol University Press
    Published online:
    20 January 2024
    Print publication:
    24 May 2023
  • First published as a special issue of 'Policy and Politics', this book presents original critical reflections on the value of design approaches and how they relate to the classical idea of public administration as a design science.

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