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Aribidesi Usman, Arizona State University, Toyin Falola, University of Texas, Austin
Book: The Yoruba from Prehistory to the Present
Published online: 01 July 2019
Print publication: 04 July 2019, pp xii-xvi
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18 - Contemporary Politics and Identity

from Part VI - Postcolonial Yoruba

Aribidesi Usman, Arizona State University, Toyin Falola, University of Texas, Austin
Book: The Yoruba from Prehistory to the Present
Published online: 01 July 2019
Print publication: 04 July 2019, pp 392-409
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Summary

President Olusegun Obasanjo was hurt and embarrassed by his failure to win Yoruba votes in the 1999 election – the Alliance for Democracy (AD) captured all the states in the Southwest Region. To prevent a repeat in 2003, the president deployed various tactics and strategies to win the region.

3 - The Growth of Complex Societies

from Part I - Long Historical Formations

Aribidesi Usman, Arizona State University, Toyin Falola, University of Texas, Austin
Book: The Yoruba from Prehistory to the Present
Published online: 01 July 2019
Print publication: 04 July 2019, pp 58-86
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Summary

Scholars of Yoruba studies do not often ask: “Why did states or kingdoms develop in some parts of Yorubaland, but not in others?” The question is whether complex societies are possible without a central leader.

13 - Creativity: Arts, Body Adornments, and Music

from Part IV - Economic, Social, and Cultural Practices over Time

Aribidesi Usman, Arizona State University, Toyin Falola, University of Texas, Austin
Book: The Yoruba from Prehistory to the Present
Published online: 01 July 2019
Print publication: 04 July 2019, pp 295-320
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From early times, Yoruba people have produced a wide range of art objects, forms, styles, and events. Most of these remain functional, in royal palaces or maintained by community elders and individuals.

Acknowledgments
Aribidesi Usman, Arizona State University, Toyin Falola, University of Texas, Austin
Book: The Yoruba from Prehistory to the Present
Published online: 01 July 2019
Print publication: 04 July 2019, pp xxi-xxi
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Part IV - Economic, Social, and Cultural Practices over Time
Aribidesi Usman, Arizona State University, Toyin Falola, University of Texas, Austin
Book: The Yoruba from Prehistory to the Present
Published online: 01 July 2019
Print publication: 04 July 2019, pp 241-320
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What did the Yoruba do for a living? How did they organize their production and exchange systems? This chapter examines occupations that endured over centuries – many survive today, with various modifications.

16 - Politics and Identity: The Post-Independence Era

from Part VI - Postcolonial Yoruba

Aribidesi Usman, Arizona State University, Toyin Falola, University of Texas, Austin
Book: The Yoruba from Prehistory to the Present
Published online: 01 July 2019
Print publication: 04 July 2019, pp 361-375
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During the 1950s, each of Nigeria’s three regions – Eastern Region, Northern Region, and Western Region – had its own major political party: the Northern People’s Congress (NPC) based in the north, the National Council of Nigerian Citizens (NCNC) in the east, and the Action Group (AG) established in the west.

Notes
Aribidesi Usman, Arizona State University, Toyin Falola, University of Texas, Austin
Book: The Yoruba from Prehistory to the Present
Published online: 01 July 2019
Print publication: 04 July 2019, pp 451-454
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6 - The Eighteenth Century

from Part II - Yoruba Polities and Entry into the Atlantic World

Aribidesi Usman, Arizona State University, Toyin Falola, University of Texas, Austin
Book: The Yoruba from Prehistory to the Present
Published online: 01 July 2019
Print publication: 04 July 2019, pp 141-158
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The Atlantic trade in the Bight of Benin replaced the trans-Saharan trade toward the end of the fifteenth century, becoming the focus of long-distance trade systems.

Part V - Colonial Yoruba
Aribidesi Usman, Arizona State University, Toyin Falola, University of Texas, Austin
Book: The Yoruba from Prehistory to the Present
Published online: 01 July 2019
Print publication: 04 July 2019, pp 321-358
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The 1889 demarcation of the inter-colonial boundary divided Western Yoruba into two jurisdictions, one British and one French, followed by the establishment of local administrations for each area.

19 - Contemporary Sociopolitical, Economic, and Cultural Transformation

from Part VI - Postcolonial Yoruba

Aribidesi Usman, Arizona State University, Toyin Falola, University of Texas, Austin
Book: The Yoruba from Prehistory to the Present
Published online: 01 July 2019
Print publication: 04 July 2019, pp 410-428
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Despite the sociopolitical, religious, economic, and cultural changes in Yoruba societies, some vestiges of the past remain.

11 - The Precolonial Economy

from Part IV - Economic, Social, and Cultural Practices over Time

Aribidesi Usman, Arizona State University, Toyin Falola, University of Texas, Austin
Book: The Yoruba from Prehistory to the Present
Published online: 01 July 2019
Print publication: 04 July 2019, pp 243-270
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Summary

What did the Yoruba do for a living? How did they organize their production and exchange systems? This chapter examines occupations that endured over centuries – many survive today, with various modifications.

Contents
Aribidesi Usman, Arizona State University, Toyin Falola, University of Texas, Austin
Book: The Yoruba from Prehistory to the Present
Published online: 01 July 2019
Print publication: 04 July 2019, pp vii-xi
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17 - Politics and Yoruba Identity at the Close of the Twentieth Century

from Part VI - Postcolonial Yoruba

Aribidesi Usman, Arizona State University, Toyin Falola, University of Texas, Austin
Book: The Yoruba from Prehistory to the Present
Published online: 01 July 2019
Print publication: 04 July 2019, pp 376-391
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Nigeria’s military rule started in 1966 and continued for thirteen years. Olusegun Obasanjo, who was appointed head of state after Muritala Muhammed was assassinated in a coup, called for a new constitution and lifted the ban on politics. A new constitution, based on the American presidential system of government, was adopted.

20 - Summary and Conclusion

from Part VI - Postcolonial Yoruba

Aribidesi Usman, Arizona State University, Toyin Falola, University of Texas, Austin
Book: The Yoruba from Prehistory to the Present
Published online: 01 July 2019
Print publication: 04 July 2019, pp 429-450
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People have been living in the present Yoruba area since the Stone Age period. Excavations at the Iwo Eleru cave site, in Ondo State, and the Itaakpa rock shelter, in the Iffe-Ijumu area of Kogi State, have produced human remains dated to about the tenth and fourth centuries BC, respectively.

Part VI - Postcolonial Yoruba
Aribidesi Usman, Arizona State University, Toyin Falola, University of Texas, Austin
Book: The Yoruba from Prehistory to the Present
Published online: 01 July 2019
Print publication: 04 July 2019, pp 359-449
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Summary

During the 1950s, each of Nigeria’s three regions – Eastern Region, Northern Region, and Western Region – had its own major political party: the Northern People’s Congress (NPC) based in the north, the National Council of Nigerian Citizens (NCNC) in the east, and the Action Group (AG) established in the west.

Preface
Aribidesi Usman, Arizona State University, Toyin Falola, University of Texas, Austin
Book: The Yoruba from Prehistory to the Present
Published online: 01 July 2019
Print publication: 04 July 2019, pp xvii-xx
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10 - The Nineteenth Century: New Agencies of Transformation

from Part III - The Nineteenth Century: Wars and Transformations

Aribidesi Usman, Arizona State University, Toyin Falola, University of Texas, Austin
Book: The Yoruba from Prehistory to the Present
Published online: 01 July 2019
Print publication: 04 July 2019, pp 219-240
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Summary

As shown in the last three chapters, Yorubaland was devastated by the wars of the nineteenth century, which had far-reaching internal and external consequences.

Dedication
Aribidesi Usman, Arizona State University, Toyin Falola, University of Texas, Austin
Book: The Yoruba from Prehistory to the Present
Published online: 01 July 2019
Print publication: 04 July 2019, pp v-vi
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8 - The Nineteenth Century: The Internecine Wars and Consequences

from Part III - The Nineteenth Century: Wars and Transformations

Aribidesi Usman, Arizona State University, Toyin Falola, University of Texas, Austin
Book: The Yoruba from Prehistory to the Present
Published online: 01 July 2019
Print publication: 04 July 2019, pp 177-201
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Summary

The Oyo state’s collapse, driven by internal and external factors at the beginning of the nineteenth century, heralded a period of internecine Yoruba wars that did not end until the British intervention and restoration of peace at the end of the century.

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Figures

18 - Contemporary Politics and Identity

Summary

3 - The Growth of Complex Societies

Summary

13 - Creativity: Arts, Body Adornments, and Music

Summary

Acknowledgments

Part IV - Economic, Social, and Cultural Practices over Time

Summary

16 - Politics and Identity: The Post-Independence Era

Summary

Notes

6 - The Eighteenth Century

Summary

Part V - Colonial Yoruba

Summary

19 - Contemporary Sociopolitical, Economic, and Cultural Transformation

Summary

11 - The Precolonial Economy

Summary

Contents

17 - Politics and Yoruba Identity at the Close of the Twentieth Century

Summary

20 - Summary and Conclusion

Summary

Part VI - Postcolonial Yoruba

Summary

Preface

10 - The Nineteenth Century: New Agencies of Transformation

Summary

Dedication

8 - The Nineteenth Century: The Internecine Wars and Consequences

Summary

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