In a rapidly changing academic-scientific context, it is essential to adapt new learning strategies that foster the acquisition of new knowledge and the development of skills in future professionals, such as interacting synergistically with disciplines outside their own to execute projects successfully and comprehensively. The adaptation is only possible thanks to the inter and transdisciplinarity that Astrobiology has promoted since its inception. We use the term transdisciplinary for education that integrates different disciplines in a way to build new knowledge and increase the student's knowledge and skills. For this reason, this study aimed to demonstrate that an astrobiological stratospheric balloon launch project cultivates transdisciplinary awareness in participants: undergraduate university students in Lima, Peru. The sample consisted of 15 students from the following disciplines: biology, genetics, chemical engineering, physics, industrial engineering, agri-food engineering, forestry engineering, electronics engineering, mechatronics engineering, geology, geological engineering, philosophy, social communication, audiovisual communication and education. Using a semi-structured in-depth interview technique, experts validated the questions from the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Peru, and a matrix of meaning was constructed to classify the responses, ultimately obtaining the categories: contribution, complementarity and quantity. The participants' responses were processed and analyzed with Chat-GPT 3.5, revealing unanimous agreement that each participant's discipline contributed to the success of the balloon launch. To complement the qualitative interpretation of the results, a quantitative measurement was conducted to minimize subjective biases. Additionally, they gained knowledge and insights into other unfamiliar study subjects, collaborated to improve process quality, shared and harmonized their ideas to implement comprehensive solutions, and affirmed that their university education is often isolated or strictly focused on their specialization. In conclusion, experiences where different areas of knowledge converge in praxis, have the potential to awaken new technical, cognitive and communication skills in the individuals involved, utilizing astrobiological resources to invigorate and strengthen collective learning.

Astrobiocentrism is a vision that places us in a scenario of confirmation of life in the universe, either as a second genesis or as an expansion of humanity in space. It manages to raise consistent arguments in relation to questions such as what would happen to knowledge if life were confirmed in the universe, how would this change the way we understand our place in the cosmos? Astrobiocentrism raises a series of reflections in the context of confirmed discovery, and it develops concepts that work directly with what would happen after irrefutable evidence has been obtained that we are not alone in space. Unlike biocentrism or ecocentrism, the astrobiocentric view is not limited to the Earth-centric perspective, and for it incorporates a multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary understanding. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to make a reflection on the astrobiocentric issues related to the challenges and problems of the discovery of life in the universe and the expansion of mankind into space. Here we explore some aspects of the transition from biogeocentrism to astrobiocentrism, astrobiosemiotics, homo mensura, moral community, planetary sustainability and astrotheology.

The current advances in our exploration of Mars have made us think of the human species as a multiplanetary species. However, we have certain challenges before we can truly consider ourselves such a species, especially moral ones. Therefore, astrobioethics would be the right one to examine what it takes to consider ourselves a multiplanetary species. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the meaning and significance of being an inter- and multiplanetary species. To achieve this, a philosophical and critical analysis will be made, using as input aspects of biology, ethics and moral community. We conclude that to be a truly multiplanetary species, more than the technological aspects that allow us to reach other planets, a change at different levels will be needed.

The objective of this study was to identify attitudes towards the scientific search for extraterrestrial life among students from public and private universities in Peru. This research was inspired by similar studies, realized in Sweden, which used the same instrument adapting it to our reality. The process consisted of a survey of the Peruvian student population by targeting it in different regions of Peru. The sample consisted of 1237 students from different academic areas. The findings show that 92% of the students believe in the existence of life outside our planet, with differences between the subgroups surveyed.

Chrono-nutrition is an emerging field of research that focuses on the interplay between nutrition, circadian rhythms and metabolism. Most nutritional guidelines recommend regular and frequent meals for children and adolescents throughout the day. However, preliminary research, mostly in animals suggests that eating at the “wrong” time of the day and longer eating windows (and concomitant shorter fasting periods) may relate to metabolic health. This study aimed to identify meal-timing patterns of European children and adolescents in eight European countries.

We examined 1225 children and adolescents (mean age: 11.8 years, 50% boys, and 26% overweight/obese) from Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Spain and Sweden enrolled in the European I.Family study (2013/2014). Information on energy intake and meal-timing patterns was derived from multiple web-based 24-hour dietary recalls (proxy-assisted for children < 12 years). We used the National Cancer Institute (NCI) method to estimate individual usual intakes. Subsequently, we applied the k-means algorithm to identify clusters for meal-timing patterns. Five variables were selected for the cluster analysis: 1) Duration between first and last meal of the day (eating window in hours), 2) Proportion of daily energy intake before 11am, 3) Proportion of daily energy intake after 5pm, 4) Number of meals per day, and 5) Pre-sleep fasting time.

Three clusters, labelled “late and time-restricted”, “late and long” and “early and frequent” meal-timing patterns were identified. Similar clusters were derived when excluding energy misreporters according to Goldberg cut-offs. Children in the “early and frequent” pattern were younger, had a lower body mass index (BMI) z-score, and a longer sleep duration than children in the other two meal-timing patterns. A higher proportion of plausible energy reporters were classified into the “early and frequent” pattern than into the other two patterns. The proportion of children from Italy, Cyprus and Spain was highest in the “late and long” pattern, while the proportion of children from Belgium, Sweden, Germany and Hungary was highest in the “early and frequent” patterns, and the proportion of children from Estonia was highest in the “late and time-restricted” pattern.

In conclusion, this study identified three different meal-timing patterns in children that varied by age, BMI z-score, country, misreporting status, and sleep duration. Investigations on the associations between meal timing patterns and metabolic health in this study sample are currently ongoing.

Landscape evolution studies enable us to understand site formation processes affecting past hunter-gatherer settlements. This work presents a landscape reconstruction of Roca dels Bous site (RB), which is a reference site for the Late Mousterian occupation of the incised valleys of the southeastern Pyrenees. For this purpose, we combined geomorphological studies, stratigraphic descriptions, new single-grain optically stimulated luminescence datasets, statistical methods, and geophysical surveys. RB formed by gravitational processes induced by fluvial undermining of the Segre River during changing late Pleistocene climatic conditions. Geomorphological and chronological data combined with fluvial age-incision models suggest that, during Late Mousterian occupation, RB was located very near the Segre floodplain level and closer to water and raw material natural resources than at present. The accumulation of gravitational deposits associated with the archaeological levels occurred at rates of 0.16–0.44 m ka-1, between 55 and 47 ka, coinciding with Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3). More detailed comparison with available climatic curves suggests that the dated RB layers were potentially deposited during cold phases within MIS3. This work provides new landscape-based evidence to examine the paleoenvironmental context of Neanderthal presence in the southeastern Pre-Pyrenees, an important region in the debate regarding Neanderthal demise in Western Europe around 40 ka.

Hydrogenated microcrystalline Silicon-Germanium (μc-SiGe:H) thin films were deposited using the Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) technique from a gas mixture of SiH4, GeH4, H2 and Ar at a substrate temperature of 200 ° C. The films were deposited at a pressure of 1.5 Torr, while the RF power was varied in the range of 20 W to 35 W. Structural, optical and electrical characterization was performed in the films, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed in order to analyze the hydrogen bonding of silicon and germanium, while Raman spectroscopy was used in order to analyze the crystallinity of the films. Through the optical and electrical characterization of the films, parameters such as the optical band gap (Eg) and the activation energy (EA) were obtained, respectively. The conductivity of the films changed up two to orders of magnitude from dark conditions to illumination AM 1.5. Finally, the correlation between deposition RF power and the film properties is presented.

In this work we report the study of the effect of the deposition parameters on the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of hydrogenated amorphous silicon-carbide (a-SiC:H) films deposited at very low temperature (150 °C) by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD). We have observed that the main deposition parameter that influences the wavelength emission peak is the methane/silane (CH4/SiH4) ratio used for the films deposition, due to a change on the film carbon content. On the other hand the deposition RF power affects the PL intensity, without a change in the PL emission peak. Also we have studied the effect of the film thickness on the PL intensity and we have observed an optimal film thickness.

Experimental and human studies have shown that proteinuria contributes to the progression of renal disease. Overexposure to filtered proteins promotes the expression and release of chemokines by tubular epithelial cells, thus leading to inflammatory cell recruitment and renal impairment. This review focuses on recent progress in cellular and molecular understanding of the role of chemokines in the pathogenesis of proteinuria-induced renal injury, as well as their clinical implications and therapeutic potential.

The aims of this study are to assess L1 and L2 variables that influence the reading acquisition of students of Moroccan origin in the South of Spain and compare their reading ability with native Spanish-speaking children. Participants were 38 students of Moroccan origin and 37 native Spanish-speaking students from the same classes. We used an oral vocabulary test and a reading comprehension test, which taps lexical, semantic, and syntactic reading processes, and reading fluency. The results indicated that immigrant students differed from native Spanish-speaking students in word reading, reading fluency, and the use of punctuation marks, but there were no significant differences in reading comprehension. In native Spanish-speaking students, reading comprehension correlated significantly with oral vocabulary and the other reading processes, but in the students of Moroccan origin, only receptive oral vocabulary in L2 correlated with the use of punctuation marks. Being in schools with educational resources specifically aimed at helping the Moroccan pupils was associated with a higher level of word reading in immigrant students.

In this work, we report the effects of curing time on properties of SiO2 films produced from Spin-On Glass (SOG) diluted with H2O and cured at 200°C. The electrical characterization showed that the insulator breakdown field for the films produced from SOG diluted with H2O with 1 Hr of curing time was approximately 5 MV/cm while for 6.5 Hrs of curing time the breakdown field was 21 MV/cm. Also, the refractive index and surface roughness were improved with longer curing time.

We report our main results on the development of un-cooled microbolometers based on hydrogenated amorphous Germanium-Silicon (a-GexSiy:H) thermo-sensing films deposited by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD). Our research has been conducted to improve both, the structure of the devices (pixels) and the performance characteristics of the amorphous Germanium-Silicon thermosensing films.

Our motivation is to produce microbolometers with much better performance characteristics (larger thermal coefficient of resistance, larger conductivity and better stability) than those available in commercial microbolometer arrays, based on boron doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H,B).

As part of our latest research, we also report the study of what we believe is the next generation of thermosensing films based on Silicon and Geranium amorphous films with embedded nanocrystals in the amorphous matrix (polymorphous films). Those materials have several advantages over amorphous, as a lower defect density, better stability and better transport properties.

We present the fabrication and characterization of low-temperature ambipolar thin-film transistors (TFTs) based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon-germanium (a-SiGe:H) as active layer. Inverted staggered a-SiGe:H TFTs were fabricated on Corning glass. Spin-on glass silicon dioxide was used as gate dielectric to improve the quality of the dielectric-semiconductor interface. For positive gate bias the transfer characteristic showed n-type TFT behavior, while for negative gate bias p-type behavior was observed. The n-type region exhibits subthreshold slope of 0.45 V/decade while the p-type region shows a subthreshold slope of 0.49 V/decade.

Bollmannia boqueronensis is a tropical marine goby. Two specimens were captured at 25 m depth on the Alacranes Reef, Mexico, off the north-east coast of the Yucatan Peninsula (Gulf of Mexico) in August 2009. The present note extends the known distribution area of this species towards the west and constitutes the first record for Mexico.