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20 results

  • Development and feasibility of a communication training to assist caregivers with advanced care planning

  • Allison J. Applebaum, Rebecca Gebert, Mia Behrens, Morgan Loschiavo, Patricia A. Parker, Kelly M. Shaffer, Alan Carver, Eli L. Diamond
  • Journal: Palliative & Supportive Care / Volume 21 / Issue 2 / April 2023
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 September 2022, pp. 188-195
  • Objective

    Caregivers are critical in advanced care planning (ACP) discussions, which are difficult but necessary to carry out patients’ goals of care. We developed and evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a communication training to equip caregivers of patients with malignant brain tumors with skills to navigate ACP conversations.

    Method

    Caregivers completed a 2-h virtual training addressing ACP Discussions with Your Loved One and ACP Discussions with the Medical Team. A pre-training assessment was completed at baseline and a training evaluation was completed one day post-training. A subset of participants completed semi-structured interviews 2 months post-training.

    Results

    Of 15 caregivers recruited, 9 attended the training and 4 completed qualitative interviews. Post-training, 40% felt confident in discussing ACP with loved ones and 67% felt confident doing so with healthcare professionals; 100% reported feeling confident in using skills learned in the training to facilitate these conversations. Data from qualitative interviews highlighted additional benefits of the training in empathic communication skills and fostering social support.

    Significance of results

    Our communication skills training shows promise in supporting caregivers’ skills and confidence in engaging in ACP discussions with patients and healthcare providers. A future randomized controlled trial with a larger and more diverse caregiving sample is needed to determine training efficacy.

  • Assertive community treatment

  • Leonard I. Stein, Ronald J. Diamond, Alan Rosen
  • Journal: Psychiatric Bulletin / Volume 27 / Issue 4 / April 2003
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 January 2018, p. 155
  • Print publication: April 2003
    • Article
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  • Overproduction of selenocysteine tRNA in Chinese hamster ovary cells following transfection of the mouse tRNA[Ser]Sec gene

  • MOHAMED E. MOUSTAFA, MUHAMMAD A. EL-SAADANI, KAMAL M. KANDEEL, DAVID B. MANSUR, BYEONG JAE LEE, DOLPH L. HATFIELD, ALAN M. DIAMOND
  • Journal: RNA / Volume 4 / Issue 11 / November 1998
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 November 1998, pp. 1436-1443
  • Print publication: November 1998

  • Selenocysteine insertion during selenoprotein biosynthesis begins with the aminoacylation of selenocysteine tRNA[Ser]Sec with serine, the conversion of the serine moiety to selenocysteine, and the recognition of specific UGA codons within the mRNA. Selenocysteine tRNA[Ser]Sec exists as two major forms, differing by methylation of the ribose portion of the nucleotide at the wobble position of the anticodon. The levels and relative distribution of these two forms of the tRNA are influenced by selenium in mammalian cells and tissues. We have generated Chinese hamster ovary cells that exhibit increased levels of tRNA[Ser]Sec following transfection of the mouse tRNA[Ser]Sec gene. The levels of selenocysteine tRNA[Ser]Sec in transfectants increased proportionally to the number of stably integrated copies of the tRNA[Ser]Sec gene. Although we were able to generate transfectants overproducing tRNA[Ser]Sec by as much as tenfold, the additional tRNA was principally retained in the unmethylated form. Selenium supplementation could not significantly affect the relative distributions of the two major selenocysteine tRNA[Ser]Sec isoacceptors. In addition, increased levels of tRNA[Ser]Sec did not result in measurable alterations in the levels of selenoproteins, including glutathione peroxidase.

  • Introduction

  • Edited by Alan Diamond, Trinity College, Cambridge
  • Book: The Victorian Achievement of Sir Henry Maine
  • Published online: 04 September 2009
  • Print publication: 07 November 1991, pp 1-27

  • Summary

    It might be said of Maine, as Sir Carleton Allen said of Maine's great antagonist Austin: ‘a student must feel that he reads Austin only in order to controvert him’ (1964: 7). Allen goes on to observe, however, that

    For a systematic exposition of the methods of English jurisprudence, we still have to turn to Austin. Nobody has replaced him. Austinian jurisprudence… so far maintains its influence that it may still be described as the characteristic jurisprudence of England… (1964: 7)

    Surveying the scene 100 years after his death, an unbiased observer would be hard pressed to say as much about the current reputation and influence of Sir Henry Sumner Maine. Those who read Maine may indeed feel that they do so ‘only in order to controvert him’, but how many in fact read him at all? Certainly, he seems all but forgotten today in those fields in which he hoped to exercise the greatest influence: jurisprudence and legal history. The very dominance – until recently, at least – of Austinian jurisprudence suggests that Maine's historical outlook has become peripheral to the concerns of legal philosophy. The battle for the soul of legal philosophy today is a battle between utilitarianism and natural law, both of which Maine criticized as ahistorical. Maine's own historical approach, like historical jurisprudence in general, has been largely discredited, or at least marginalized.

The Victorian Achievement of Sir Henry Maine
  • A Centennial Reappraisal
  • Edited by Alan Diamond
  • Published online: 04 September 2009
  • Print publication: 07 November 1991
  • In The Victorian Achievement of Sir Henry Maine some of the world's leading scholars, in a wide range of disciplines, come together to consider the extraordinary achievement of Sir Henry Maine, sometime Master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge (1877–1888) and one of the most powerful and original minds of the Victorian age. The disciplinary range and scholarly stature of the contributors is itself testimony to the fascination of Maine's work which, after a period of relative neglect, is now recognized as a unique and fecund contribution to the development of social scientific study. The book is divided into four sections, dealing with the principal strands of Maine's life and writing, viz. his views on social and political progress, his anthropological and social scientific works, his legal and jurisprudential thought and finally his writings on Indian affairs, the product (in part) of his experiences as the legal member of Council of the Governor-General from 1862 to 1869.

  • 15 - Fictions, equity and legislation: Maine's three agencies of legal change

  • Edited by Alan Diamond, Trinity College, Cambridge
  • Book: The Victorian Achievement of Sir Henry Maine
  • Published online: 04 September 2009
  • Print publication: 07 November 1991, pp 242-255

  • Summary

    Maine's great contribution to the study of legal change is his identification of fictions, equity and legislation as the mechanisms by which law is brought into harmony with changing social conditions. Maine was clearly not the first person to recognize the utility of these mechanisms, but his crisp formulation remains memorable, and the evolutionary twist which he gave to this scheme has proved to be fruitfully controversial.

    The first three chapters of Ancient Law are concerned with the evolution of legal systems. According to Maine, all societies (or at any rate, what he referred to as the Indo-European societies) evolve from a stage at which there is virtually no rule of law at all, where men are subject only to the caprice of ‘the patriarchal despotism’ (AL: 8), to an ‘epoch of Customary Law, and of its custody by a privileged order’ (13). From there, ‘We arrive at the era of Codes, those ancient codes of which the Twelve Tables of Rome were the most famous specimen’ (14). With the adoption of a code, which according to Maine was simply the embodiment in words of the existing customs, the ‘spontaneous development’ of law comes to an end (21). It is with the coming of the epoch of codes that ‘the distinction between stationary and progressive societies begins to make itself felt’ (22).