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Page 1 of 33

  • 8 - An Analysis of Collaborative Dialogue in Literature Circles
    • from Part II - Literature and Speaking Skills
  • Edited by Christian Jones, University of Liverpool
  • Book: Literature, Spoken Language and Speaking Skills in Second Language Learning
  • Published online: 18 October 2019
  • Print publication: 07 November 2019, pp 176-201
  • View extract

    Summary

    Sociocultural and social cognitive theories have begun to make a lasting imprint on English Language Teaching (ELT) and learning as it is undertaken and understood today across a range of contexts (Steffensen and Kramsch ). This chapter reports on a study conducted with English language learners involved in Literature Circles (LCs) over an extended period and centres on an analysis of the discourse generated within these post-reading, group discussions. The chapter begins by contextualising LCs as a vehicle for reader response and collaborative engagement within an ecological perspective to second language (L2) development. Drawing on sociocultural theory (Lantolf, Thorne and Poehner ) and its application to collaborative engagement in a language learning environment, the discourse presented undergoes an ecologically grounded, dialogical analysis. This analysis interprets examples from the group conversations as affordances for language development identified as an emergent phenomenon, co-constructed and mediated by the support of peers, the shared reading experience and relevant scaffolding. The current study suggests that this dynamic combines collaborative interaction and interpersonal communication with ecosocial processes to promote spoken L2 development, where deep processing of shared interpretation, critical evaluation, collective noticing and expression of affect are externalised within the discussions.

  • Genetic Variation in the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative
  • Allison A. Dilliott, Emily C. Evans, Sali M.K. Farhan, Mahdi Ghani, Christine Sato, Ming Zhang, Adam D. McIntyre, Henian Cao, Lemuel Racacho, John F. Robinson, Michael J. Strong, Mario Masellis, Dennis E. Bulman, Ekaterina Rogaeva, Sandra E. Black, Elizabeth Finger, Andrew Frank, Morris Freedman, Ayman Hassan, Anthony Lang, Christen L. Shoesmith, Richard H. Swartz, David Tang-Wai, Maria Carmela Tartaglia, John Turnbull, Lorne Zinman, the ONDRI Investigators, Robert A. Hegele
  • Journal: Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 46 / Issue 5 / September 2019
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 August 2019, pp. 491-498
  • Print publication: September 2019
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    Background/Objective:

    Apolipoprotein E (APOE) E4 is the main genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Due to the consistent association, there is interest as to whether E4 influences the risk of other neurodegenerative diseases. Further, there is a constant search for other genetic biomarkers contributing to these phenotypes, such as microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) haplotypes. Here, participants from the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative were genotyped to investigate whether the APOE E4 allele or MAPT H1 haplotype are associated with five neurodegenerative diseases: (1) AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), (2) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, (3) frontotemporal dementia (FTD), (4) Parkinson’s disease, and (5) vascular cognitive impairment.

    Methods:

    Genotypes were defined for their respective APOE allele and MAPT haplotype calls for each participant, and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the associations with the presentations of neurodegenerative diseases.

    Results:

    Our work confirmed the association of the E4 allele with a dose-dependent increased presentation of AD, and an association between the E4 allele alone and MCI; however, the other four diseases were not associated with E4. Further, the APOE E2 allele was associated with decreased presentation of both AD and MCI. No associations were identified between MAPT haplotype and the neurodegenerative disease cohorts; but following subtyping of the FTD cohort, the H1 haplotype was significantly associated with progressive supranuclear palsy.

    Conclusion:

    This is the first study to concurrently analyze the association of APOE isoforms and MAPT haplotypes with five neurodegenerative diseases using consistent enrollment criteria and broad phenotypic analysis.

  • Three-dimensional visualization of top-down superimposed thrust sheets in the SW Grenville Province, Ontario
  • Jacob W.D. Strong, Alan P. Dickin
  • Journal: Geological Magazine , First View
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 June 2019, pp. 1-11
  • View abstract

    To properly understand the tectonic history of the Grenville Province it is necessary to have a reliable, scientifically based understanding of the present-day three-dimensional (3D) structure of the orogen. Based on detailed Nd isotope mapping of surface boundaries and Lithoprobe seismic sections, this study provides the first detailed visualization of the 3D structure of the Grenville gneiss belt in Ontario using the SketchUp software package. The 3D visualization supports a model in which thrust geometry was imposed from the top downwards, controlled by the NW boundary of the Central Metasedimentary Belt that originated as a failed back-arc rift zone. The Central Metasedimentary Belt boundary controlled the trajectory of the Allochthon Boundary Thrust, its underlying tectonic duplex and, ultimately, the Grenville Front. This process of superimposed thrusting explains the large-scale change in the trajectory of the Grenville Front north of Georgian Bay that has been called the ‘Big Bend’. To assist in visualizing the 3D model, a fly-through animation is provided in the supplementary material.

  • Chapter 16 - Towards a Feminist History of Popular Music: Re-examining Writing on Musicians and Domestic Violence in the Wake of #MeToo
    • from Part III - HISTORY
  • Edited by Lauren Istvandity, Sarah Baker, Zelmarie Cantillon
  • Book: Remembering Popular Music's Past
  • Published by: Anthem Press
  • Published online: 09 July 2019
  • Print publication: 15 June 2019, pp 217-232
  • View extract

    Summary

    In 2017, in the wake of allegations of sexual assault against movie mogul Harvey Weinstein, women, trans-and gender diverse persons1 across the creative industries (and beyond) have come forward to shed light on the prevalence of sexual assault and violence in these areas. The #MeToo hashtag, which was used extensively on social media from late 2017 when stories were being shared online as a way of demonstrating the widespread nature of sexual assault and abuse, has become emblematic of this moment. As part of this, women have been taking collective action to draw attention to the pervasiveness of this type of abuse in the music industries. For example, over 2,000 people in Sweden (Dagens Nyheter 2017) and over 1,000 in Australia (The Industry Observer n.d.) have signed open letters detailing the types of abuse they have been subjected to, and calling for change and an end to such behaviour. The Swedish letter stated that:

    In the music industry we work 24/ 7, often with insecure contracts and temporary employment. Being accommodating and not making a fuss is important in order to not be replaced. This makes women in the music industries targets of power demonstrations, often with a sexual nature. In our existence laws on consent are far away, we are objectified and sexual assault and harassment are more rule than exception. (Dagens Nyheter 2017)

    Reading the stories shared in these open letters gives powerful insight into how the culture of the industry encourages mistreatment of women and minimizes their experiences. For example, one contributor noted:

    When a competent male musician rapes you, you lose a lot of friends. ‘What he did was wrong. But he is an asset to the music industry so we don't want to lose him. I hope you can understand and respect that.’ One example of what friends have said when I've told them what happened. (Dagens Nyheter 2017)

    The stories in these letters, and others that emerged during this time through social media and other forums, have made it clear that abuse is often normalized in the music industries. This new –but not new –knowledge raises questions about the extent to which such behaviours have always been part of popular music, and how histories of this music are often written so as to ignore, excuse or even valorize such misdeeds.

  • 3407 Maternal Daytime Dysfunction Due to Sleepiness and its Relation to Child Psychopathology
  • Cameron Strong, Kate Fitzgerald, Julie Premo
  • Journal: Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 3 / Issue s1 / March 2019
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 26 March 2019, pp. 149-150
  • Print publication: March 2019
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    OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Anxiety is prevalent in early childhood and, when left untreated, increases children’s risk for chronic anxiety and depression later in life. Maternal risk factors (e.g. income and marital status) have also been shown to heighten their children’s risk for the development of the aforementioned psychopathology. Sleep plays a critical role in behavior regulation, is affected in depression, and is influenced by a wide range of demographic and psychological variables. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between maternal sleep and the presence in their children of reported symptoms relating to anxiety, depression, and behavior regulation. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Children (n=59, aged: 4-9 years (M = 6.069, SD = 1.006, 59.3% female) and their mothers were sampled from clinic and community settings and were administered questionnaires. Maternal sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, which captures both numeric and self-reported categories relating to an individual’s perception of their sleep. Child anxiety and depression were assessed via parent-reported Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL). Maternal depression symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Associations between these measures were analyzed by ANOVA with post-hoc analysis and linear regression as appropriate. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was observed in the mean child CBCL scores when children were sub-set into maternal categories of self-reported days of dysfunction due to sleepiness over the past month. Mean child CBCL T-score domains with statistically significant differences were: attention problems (F = 4.935, p = 0.004), depression problems (F = 3.073, p = 0.035), ADHD (F = 4.422, p = 0.007), oppositional defiant (F = 2.865, p = 0.045), and total t-score (F = 3.073, p = 0.035). Maternal mean DBI scores were also statistically significantly different when grouped by days of maternal dysfunction due to sleepiness (F = 9.791, p < 0.001). There was no relation between these CBCL categories and maternal DBI scores. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Maternal self-reported days of dysfunction due to sleepiness may potentially increase risk for their children to develop further psychopathology independent of mothers’ depression symptomatology. These findings highlight the need for broader assessment clinically of children’s environments with additional focus on maternal function given the potential impact on their children’s functional outcomes.

  • Queen Elizabeth I as Oriana 1
  • Roy C. Strong
  • Journal: Studies in the Renaissance / Volume 6 / 1959
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 January 2019, pp. 251-260
  • Print publication: 1959
  • View extract

    On May Day 1602 Queen Elizabeth went a-maying to Sir Richard Buckley's at Lewisham. The occasion was probably graced by a show of horsemen and the song Of Cinthia, the lyrics of which represent the quintessence of the cult of the queen in the last years of her reign:

        Lands and Seas shee rules below,
        Where things change, and ebbe and flowe,
        Spring, wax olde, and perish;
        Only Time which all doth mowe,
        Her alone doth cherish.

  • Evaluating interventions to improve child nutrition in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
  • Shannon Doocy, Jillian Emerson, Elizabeth Colantouni, Johnathan Strong, Kimberly Amundson-Mansen, the Jenga Jamaa II Study Team, Joseph Menakuntuala
  • Journal: Public Health Nutrition / Volume 22 / Issue 1 / January 2019
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 December 2018, pp. 3-14
  • Print publication: January 2019
  • View abstract
    Objective

    The prevention of malnutrition in children under two approach (PM2A), women’s empowerment and agricultural interventions have not been widely evaluated in relation to child diet and nutrition outcomes. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of PM2A, women’s empowerment groups (WEG), farmer field schools (FFS) and farmer-to-farmer training (F2F).

    Design

    Community-matched quasi-experimental design; outcome measures included children’s dietary diversity, stunting and underweight.

    Setting

    Communities in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

    Participants

    A total of 1312 children from 1113 households.

    Results

    Achievement of minimum dietary diversity ranged from 22·9 to 39·7 % and was significantly greater in the PM2A and FFS groups (P<0·05 for both comparisons). Fewer than 7·6 and 5·8 % of children in any group met minimum meal frequency and acceptable diet targets; only the PM2A group differed significantly from controls (P<0·05 for both comparisons). The endline stunting prevalence ranged from 54·7 % (PM2A) to 69·1 % (F2F) and underweight prevalence from 22·3 % (FFS) to 34·4 % (F2F). No significant differences were found between intervention groups and controls for nutrition measures; however, lower prevalences of stunting (PM2A, −4 %) and underweight (PM2A and FFS, −7 %) suggest potential impact on nutrition outcomes.

    Conclusions

    Children in the PM2A and FFS groups had better child diet measures and nutrition outcomes with the best results among PM2A beneficiaries. Interventions that address multiple aspects nutrition education, health, ration provision and income generation may be more effective in improving child diet and nutrition in resource-poor settings than stand-alone approaches.

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