Political scientists conceptualize climate politics as a distributive struggle between emerging green and incumbent fossil coalitions. We argue that, even though this conceptualization is historically accurate, a dichotomous understanding no longer fully explains conflicts over climate policy. Importantly, it misses a group of industries that are central to recent policy progress: the decarbonizable sector. Decarbonizable industries, such as automakers or energy-intensive manufacturers, have long been part of fossil coalitions but can develop new sources of competitiveness through decarbonization. This makes them receptive to a bargain: agreeing to meet climate goals in exchange for policies that support their decarbonization, especially fiscal policies that partially fund or de-risk their business transitions. We establish this argument using an original measurement of the size of the decarbonizable sector and corroborate our findings through case studies of green spending policies in the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom.

The authors report on ancient DNA data from two human skeletons buried within the chancel of the 1608–1616 church at the North American colonial settlement of Jamestown, Virginia. Available archaeological, osteological and documentary evidence suggest that these individuals are Sir Ferdinando Wenman and Captain William West, kinsmen of the colony's first Governor, Thomas West, Third Baron De La Warr. Genomic analyses of the skeletons identify unexpected maternal relatedness as both carried the mitochondrial haplogroup H10e. In this unusual case, aDNA prompted further historical research that led to the discovery of illegitimacy in the West family, an aspect of identity omitted, likely intentionally, from genealogical records.

Effects of particle size, crystallinity and the amount of the structural water in kaolinites on their infrared spectra, were studied. The samples were ground in a vibrating ball-mill, and infrared and X-ray spectra, as well as thermal and specific surface area measurements, were taken on the initial and ground samples. Changes of the 3705-cm−1 infrared band intensity and of the absorbance ratio of the A 3630/A 3705-cm−1 bands were determined as a function of the grinding time. Correlation functions between the absorption ratio, calculated from the infrared spectra, and the average particle size, as well as between the amorphism, calculated from the X-ray spectra, and the average particle size, were obtained.

Spray drying dilute suspensions of bentonitic montmorillonite produces a powder that shows totally random orientation of the crystallites within a sample large enough to diffract X-rays. The powder is collected by an electrostatic precipitator and can be handled in the normal mounting processes without introducing preferred orientation. Electron micrographs show this powder to be composed on a small scale of thin, crumpled, and rolled films. The extremely small montmorillonite crystallites that make up the film are oriented with [001] directions perpendicular to the film surface. Orientation within the plane of the film is random as shown by selected area electron diffraction. Crumpling and rolling of the film is sufficient to make the orientation of [001] directions random in three dimensions in a large sample when X-ray diffraction is registered.

The X-ray diffraction patterns all show diffraction maxima (both hk and 00l), and their relative intensities with respect to each other can be determined. The line broadening of the 06 and the 003 peaks was studied. The average crystallite size as calculated from the line broadening varied from six to eleven unit layers thick for four bentonitic montmorillonites. The average lateral dimension of crystallites varied from 140 Å to 250 Å. Ratios of lateral dimensions to thickness varied from 2.3 to 3.4.

Infrared spectra of two minerals; Urkut quartz (Hungary) and a Swedish feldspar, of different origin with different physical characteristics and crystallinity were studied. Samples were taken after appropriate grinding, and infrared spectra, X-ray powder diffraction and water vapor absorption measurements were made along with electronmicrographs. Quantitative conclusions were drawn from changes of particle size and the ratio of bands of the Si—O groups and also the degree of crystallinity and changes of the particle size, respectively.

Human evaluation of animal emotional expressivity can inform animal welfare. Qualitative Behavioural Assessment (QBA) has been applied to domesticated and some non-domesticated animals, but its use in primates is limited despite their emotional expressivity. We aimed to develop and apply a QBA for bonobos (Pan paniscus) through two consecutive studies. We applied Free Choice Profiling (FCP) and the Fixed List methodology, respectively, in Study 1 and 2, and invited students and bonobo experts to rate video clips of zoo-living bonobos of different sexes and age classes, and before and after moving to a new enclosure. In Study 1, students described dimension 1 as ranging from ‘quiet/calm’ to ‘angry/active’ and dimension 2 from ‘sad/anxious’ to ‘happy/loving’. Experts described dimension 1 ranging from ‘quiet/relaxed’ to ‘nervous/alert’ and dimension 2 from ‘nervous/bored’ to ‘playful/happy’. Using a fixed list of descriptors, informed by findings from Study 1, students in Study 2 described dimension 1 as ranging from ‘quiet/calm’ to ‘agitated/frustrated’, and dimension 2 from ‘sad/stressed’ to ‘happy/positively engaged’. Experts described dimension 1 as ranging from ‘quiet/calm’ to ‘active/excited’, and dimension 2 from ‘sad/bored’ to ‘happy/positively engaged’. Students scored adults as more ‘calm/quiet’ and experts scored subadults as more ‘happy/positively engaged’. Additionally, experts in Study 2 rated bonobos as more ‘active/excited’ in their new enclosure. Reliability was moderate to good for the dimensions. Additionally, animal-directed empathy of observers influenced QBA scores. This is the first time, FCP has been successfully used as a method to study primate emotional expressivity. Our findings show the promise of employing QBA in primate studies and in industry, with validation of additional metrics to enable its use for welfare-monitoring purposes.

Background: Meningiomas are common brain neoplasms that can significantly influence health-related quality of life (HRQOL), yet the factors influencing HRQOL in adult patients remain unclear. We aimed to bridge this knowledge gap by determining these key factors. Methods: We conducted a systematic review, searching EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and PsycINFO up to March 2023. We included original, peer-reviewed studies focusing on adult patients (>18 years) with current or past meningioma at any stage of treatment that measured HRQOL or its proxies in relation to tumour-, treatment-, and patient-related factors. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and full texts, selecting studies with acceptable risk of bias for data extraction and narrative synthesis. Results: Of N=2942 identified studies, N=30 were included. Key factors found to influence HRQOL in adult meningioma patients include surgery, radiotherapy, neurological function, functional status, comorbidities, sleep quality, psychological impairment, age, and employment. Factors related to tumour characteristics yielded inconsistent findings. Heterogeneity and inconsistencies in HRQOL measurement across studies hindered definitive conclusions about the impact of factors on HRQOL. Conclusions: Our review emphasizes the need for standardized, disease-specific HRQOL assessments in meningioma patients. More consistent, large-scale, prospective research is essential to comprehensively understand and improve HRQOL, and thereby ensure tailored care for this population.

This paper examines the replicability of studies in design research triggered by the replication crisis in psychology. It highlights the importance of replicating studies to ensure the robustness of research results and examines whether the description in a publication is sufficient to replicate. Therefore, the publication of a reference study was analysed and a replication study was conducted. The design of the replication study appears similar to the reference study, but the results differ. Possible reasons for the differences and implications for replication studies are discussed.

Shorter product lifecycles are also leading to even shorter planning times for the development of production systems. In most companies, the restructuring is carried out within a few weeks during the annual holidays. Digital tools such as simulations or the digital twin are used to avoid delaying the restructuring during this time. However, the introduction of a 3D model of the factory is often the first point of failure for many companies. This article proposes a six-step process model that enables the transition from 2D to 3D design. The process model was evaluated in a research project.

The manuscript explores the psycholinguistic processes responsible for cross-linguistic influence in translation. In two experimental studies with professional translators-in-training, we investigate the psycholinguistic foundations of shining-through effects in translated texts, i.e., cases where the grammatical structure of a source sentence leaves traces in the translated sentence. Experiment 1 reports the results from a translation task investigating the influence of the grammatical structure of the source sentence on structural choices for its translation. The results showed a significant influence of source sentence structure, which gradually decreased with increasing translation competence scores. In Experiment 2, we investigated to what extent the effect of source structure influence found in Experiment 1 can be accounted for through cross-linguistic structural priming. In a cross-linguistic priming experiment in which the source sentences from Experiment 1 were used as primes, participants showed no evidence of structural priming. A cross-experiment comparison revealed significant source sentence influence in the translation task, but no such effect in the priming task, for matched sets of sentences. Our results cast doubt on the claim that shining-through effects in translation are caused by cross-linguistic structural priming. We suggest an alternative account which instead explains structural cross-linguistic influence in translation through serial lexical co-activation.

Designing an equally usable and emotionally appealing product remains a challenge for product developers, not least due to conflicting goals. Product developers need to constantly map the affective user requirements to the product, whereby the requirements for the emotional and usable product design often cannot be equally addressed. The systematic approach presented can help product developers in conflicting decision-making situations to represent these affective user requirements by selecting and prioritising context-relevant influencing factors using multi-criteria decision-making methods.

In design education, technical drawing training requires a large amount of resources. The aim of this paper is to propose a concept for an artificial intelligence-based tutoring system that partly automates technical drawing education. The educational needs of the students are defined via an error analysis of 100 corrected drawing exercises and the definition of 3 error clusters with 134 different error types. Three sub-concepts with a collection of training exercises are proposed for the tutoring system to mitigate these errors. The resulting concept is validated by a survey with 29 students.

The resurgence of industrial policymaking—particularly for emerging low-carbon industries—challenges social science theories that expect such interventions from centralized states or suggest that different kinds of states specialize in various forms of innovation policy. Interventionist forms of industrial policy have made a comeback among liberal economies. Coordinated economies now make use of market-driven strategies. This paper argues that the new generation of industrial strategies is shaped by the industrial development challenges that policymakers face at the sectoral level. It proposes a new theoretical framework that distinguishes between the policy orientation (targeted or open-ended) and the central agents driving financial and technological decision-making (governments or firms). We show that the choice of strategy is shaped by the level of uncertainty and the position of the domestic industry in global supply chains, that is, whether global supply chains are emerging or mature and whether the domestic industry is an entrant or incumbent.

In a Model Predictive Control (MPC) setting, the precise simulation of the behavior of the system over a finite time window is essential. This application-oriented benchmark study focuses on a robot arm that exhibits various nonlinear behaviors. For this arm, we have a physics-based model with approximate parameter values and an open benchmark dataset for system identification. However, the long-term simulation of this model quickly diverges from the actual arm’s measurements, indicating its inaccuracy. We compare the accuracy of black-box and purely physics-based approaches with several physics-informed approaches. These involve different combinations of a neural network’s output with information from the physics-based model or feeding the physics-based model’s information into the neural network. One of the physics-informed model structures can improve accuracy over a fully black-box model.

This article examines the underlying structural elements contributing to the vulnerability experienced by asylum seekers and undocumented migrants across two critical domains: refugee eligibility examination and accessibility of essential social services, particularly healthcare. By drawing insights from fieldwork conducted in Toronto between 2020 and 2022, this article investigates how migrants navigate and perceive vulnerability encountered both at the front-end of the refugee status determination and while trying to access social services. It discusses the perspectives of key stakeholders, including lawyers, representatives of immigrant-focused non-profit organizations, and municipal officials, shedding light on their experiences and insights regarding the challenges faced by migrants. Furthermore, this article critically evaluates Canada’s adherence to the principles articulated in the 2018 United Nations Global Compacts on Migration and Refugees concerning the mitigation of vulnerability among migrant populations.

Taking the Myx Sail displayed at the Danish Design Museum as a case study, this article investigates the room acoustics of an architectural installation made of Mycelium Textiles. Mycelium Textiles represent a novel typology of mycelium-based composites (MBC). The Myx Sail absorbers are grown on a composition of different layers of plant fibres combining woven jute textile with hemp mat and loose wood wool substrate enhancing the mechanical and acoustic properties of the composite. Two complementary acoustic tests were conducted to measure the absorbing properties of the mycelium material and its effects on the acoustics of the exhibition hall. The results show that the sail acts effectively as an acoustic absorber especially in higher range of frequencies, reducing the reverberation time and improving speech intelligibility. The effect of the sail on the overall room acoustics is especially effective, if the sound source is placed directly underneath the sail. The results of a complementary survey amongst visitors on their subjective perception of comfort and well-being however indicate that the degree to which a grown surface (and by extension, a grown building) is perceived positively or negatively depends on the relationship the individual has with Nature.

Arterial tortuosity syndrome is an extremely rare hereditary connective tissue disorder. We present a case of an incidentally diagnosed aneurysm of the aortic root and the ascending aorta caused by arterial tortuosity syndrome, which was confirmed genetically. The aneurysm was repaired surgically. One year after the procedure, there was no further dilation of the aorta or formation of new aneurysms.