The dynamics of a cantilever plate clamped at its trailing edge and placed at a moderate angle ($\alpha \leq 30^{\circ }$) to a uniform flow are investigated experimentally and numerically, and a large experimental data set is provided. The dynamics are shown to differ significantly from the zero-angle-of-attack case, commonly called the inverted-flag configuration. Four distinct dynamical regimes arise at non-zero angles: a small oscillation around a small-deflection equilibrium (deformed regime), a small-amplitude flapping motion, a large-amplitude flapping motion and a small oscillation around a large-deflection equilibrium (deflected regime). The small- and large-amplitude flapping motions are shown to be produced by different physical mechanisms. The small-amplitude flapping motion appears gradually as the flow speed is increased and is consistent with a limit-cycle oscillation caused by the quasi-steady fluid forcing. The large-amplitude flapping motion is observed to appear at a constant critical flow speed that is independent of angle of attack. Its characteristics match those of the large-amplitude vortex-induced vibration present at zero angle of attack. The flow speed at which the plate enters the deflected regime decreases linearly as the angle of attack is increased, causing the flapping motion to disappear for angles of attack greater than $\alpha \approx 28^{\circ }$. Finally, the effect of aspect ratio on the plate dynamics is considered, with a plate of reduced aspect ratio being shown to lack a sharp distinction between flapping regimes for $\alpha >8^{\circ }$.

Sperm capacitation includes the reorganization of plasma membrane components and the outstanding modification of the glycocalyx. The α-mannose presence and location during in vitro capacitation have been commonly described in human spermatozoa using Concanavalin A (Con A) lectin. However, it is still unclear to date how in vitro capacitation time affects the α-mannose residues and their topographic spatial distribution on sperm membrane. Here, we characterized the α-mannose density and specific membrane domain locations before and after in vitro capacitation (1–4 h) using high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Results showed that α-mannose residues were present preferably on the acrosome domains for all physiological conditions. Uncapacitated sperm comparatively exhibits significant highest labeling densities of α-mannose residues. In addition, as in vitro capacitation takes place, significant and progressive decreasing of sugar residues was combined with their relocation mostly affecting acrosomal domain apical areas. Our findings reveal that combined approach using FE-SEM and gold nanoparticle topographical mapping offers new human sperm biomolecular and structural details during capacitation events.

We report the bivariate $\rm HI$ - and $\rm H_{2}$ -stellar mass distributions of local galaxies in addition of an inventory of galaxy mass functions, MFs, for $\rm HI$ , $\rm H_{2}$ , cold gas, and baryonic mass, separately into early- and late-type galaxies. The MFs are determined using the $\rm HI$ and $\rm H_{2}$ conditional distributions and the galaxy stellar mass function (GSMF). For the conditional distributions we use the results from the compilation presented in Calette et al. [(2018) RMxAA, 54, 443.]. For determining the GSMF from $M_{*}\sim3\times10^{7}$ to $3\times10^{12}\ \text{M}_{\odot}$ , we combine two spectroscopic samples from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey at the redshift range $0.0033<z<0.2$ . We find that the low-mass end slope of the GSMF, after correcting from surface brightness incompleteness, is $\alpha\approx-1.4$ , consistent with previous determinations. The obtained $\rm HI\,$ MFs agree with radio blind surveys. Similarly, the $\rm H_{2}\,$ MFs are consistent with CO follow-up optically-selected samples. We estimate the impact of systematics due to mass-to-light ratios and find that our MFs are robust against systematic errors. We deconvolve our MFs from random errors to obtain the intrinsic MFs. Using the MFs, we calculate cosmic density parameters of all the baryonic components. Baryons locked inside galaxies represent 5.4% of the universal baryon content, while $\sim\! 96\%$ of the $\rm HI$ and $\rm H_{2}$ mass inside galaxies reside in late-type morphologies. Our results imply cosmic depletion times of $\rm H_{2}$ and total neutral H in late-type galaxies of $\sim\!1.3$ and 7.2 Gyr, respectively, which shows that late type galaxies are on average inefficient in converting $\rm H_{2}$ into stars and in transforming $\rm HI$ gas into $\rm H_{2}$ . Our results provide a fully self-consistent empirical description of galaxy demographics in terms of the bivariate gas–stellar mass distribution and their projections, the MFs. This description is ideal to compare and/or to constrain galaxy formation models.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Improve infrastructure, resources, partnerships, and metrics to enhance the research environment for Hispanic researchers as a Minority Serving Institution. To support the research infrastructure in our Campus to encourage a research culture of sustainability and productivity. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Development of four research capacity-building models to enhance the pathway of junior researchers as independent researchers:1. MSc Phase I-Scholar Award 2 years in a Post Doctoral Master in CTR ; 2. Advanced CTR Award 1 year to support research infrastructure development in submitting a grant to NIH with the mentoring of a Visiting Endowed Chair; 3. Mini Infrastructure Research Award 1 year provides funds to increase research productivity; 4. Award on Excellence in CTR recognizes a faculty member with a distinguished research portfolio that support HiREC Career Coach and Mentoring approach. HiREC targets junior faculty, early and mid-career researchers from our two partners Schools. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: HiREC has been recognize as support for research infrastructure development. Since 2011, 10 MSc Phase I-Scholar Awards have been granted increasing the pool of trained Hispanics researchers in P. R., the Advanced CTR Award of $50,000 each, from March, 2019, was granted to 2 women researchers from the SoM and 2 Visiting Endowed Chair were accepted as candidates. The Mini Infrastructure Research Award, since 2017, supported the development of 2 Science labs, data analysis, 3 peer review publications and other research capacity building. Two researchers from the SoM were honored with the HiREC 2018 Award on Excellence in CTR heighten the institutional recognition of top researchers’ endeavors. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: It’s imperative to pursue specific strategies that lead to successful research capacity-building models. By acknowledging institutional research infrastructure needs, trendy scientific and technological knowledges and researchers’ needs, HiREC have been able to successfully accomplish its mission. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: Authors have no conflict of interest in this research.

The Severi variety $V_{d,n}$ of plane curves of a given degree $d$ and exactly $n$ nodes admits a map to the Hilbert scheme $\mathbb{P}^{2[n]}$ of zero-dimensional subschemes of $\mathbb{P}^{2}$ of degree $n$ . This map assigns to every curve $C\in V_{d,n}$ its nodes. For some $n$ , we consider the image under this map of many known divisors of the Severi variety and its partial compactification. We compute the divisor classes of such images in $\text{Pic}(\mathbb{P}^{2[n]})$ and provide enumerative numbers of nodal curves. We also answer directly a question of Diaz–Harris [‘Geometry of the Severi variety’, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.309 (1988), 1–34] about whether the canonical class of the Severi variety is effective.

The COVID-19 outbreak could be considered as an uncontrollable stressful life event. Lockdown measures have provoked a disruption of daily life with a great impact over older adults’ health and well-being. Nevertheless, eudaimonic well‐being plays a protective role in confronting adverse circumstances, such as the COVID-19 situation. This study aims to assess the association between age and psychological well-being (personal growth and purpose in life). Young–old (60–70 years) and old–old (71–80 years) community-dwelling Spaniards (N = 878) completed a survey and reported on their sociodemographic characteristics and their levels of health, COVID-19 stress-related, appraisal, and personal resources. Old–old did not evidence poorer psychological well-being than young–old. Age has only a negative impact on personal growth. The results also suggest that the nature of the COVID-19 impact (except for the loss of a loved one) may not be as relevant for the older adults’ well-being as their appraisals and personal resources for managing COVID-related problems. In addition, these results suggest that some sociodemographic and health-related variables have an impact on older adults’ well-being. Thus, perceived-health, family functioning, resilience, gratitude, and acceptance had significant associations with both personal growth and purpose in life. Efforts to address older adults’ psychological well-being focusing on older adults’ personal resources should be considered.

There has been little research into the effects of menopause on symptoms, social and cognitive functioning in women with schizophrenia, and the results are controversial. The most replicated finding is that late-onset schizophrenia is more prevalent in women than in men and that this fact appears to be related to the diminution of estrogen levels during menopause.

Estrogens have a known protective effect on CNS. Animal research has shown that estrogen has a modulating effect on the dopaminergic, glutamatergic and serotonergic systems.

There are concerns about long-term use of sexual hormone therapy in postmenopausal women with regard to breast cancer risk, and the use of the selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS's) can be a better option.

Raloxifene is a SERM that is used in the preventive treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and has no effect in the breast and uterus. A number of studies seem to indicate that raloxifene acts on brain dopamine and serotonin systems in a similar way to conjugated estrogens.

In this presentation, I will show the results of some clinical trials that have studied the efficacy of raloxifene as a coadjuvant treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Our team has done two clinical trials that studied the efficacy of 60 mg of raloxifene for the treatment of negative symptoms in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia. Our results showed that raloxifene improved the negative symptoms better than placebo. We concluded that raloxifene seems to be a promising option to treat some patients with schizophrenia.