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The dynamics of a cantilever plate clamped at its trailing edge and placed at a moderate angle ($\alpha \leq 30^{\circ }$) to a uniform flow are investigated experimentally and numerically, and a large experimental data set is provided. The dynamics are shown to differ significantly from the zero-angle-of-attack case, commonly called the inverted-flag configuration. Four distinct dynamical regimes arise at non-zero angles: a small oscillation around a small-deflection equilibrium (deformed regime), a small-amplitude flapping motion, a large-amplitude flapping motion and a small oscillation around a large-deflection equilibrium (deflected regime). The small- and large-amplitude flapping motions are shown to be produced by different physical mechanisms. The small-amplitude flapping motion appears gradually as the flow speed is increased and is consistent with a limit-cycle oscillation caused by the quasi-steady fluid forcing. The large-amplitude flapping motion is observed to appear at a constant critical flow speed that is independent of angle of attack. Its characteristics match those of the large-amplitude vortex-induced vibration present at zero angle of attack. The flow speed at which the plate enters the deflected regime decreases linearly as the angle of attack is increased, causing the flapping motion to disappear for angles of attack greater than $\alpha \approx 28^{\circ }$. Finally, the effect of aspect ratio on the plate dynamics is considered, with a plate of reduced aspect ratio being shown to lack a sharp distinction between flapping regimes for $\alpha >8^{\circ }$.
The objective of this study was to assess the psychosocial distress and associated factors in advanced cancer patients consulting at the outpatient Palliative Care Unit at the National Cancer Institute in Mexico City.
Design
A retrospective study was conducted using electronic records (June 2015 to December 2016).
Sample
A total of 646 patients with advanced cancer during their first visit to the outpatient palliative care unit at the National Cancer Institute in Mexico were evaluated using the Distress Thermometer (DT) and ECOG performance status scores.
Findings
Overall, 62% were women, with a median age of 57 years, and married (54.8%). The most frequent diagnosis was gastrointestinal cancer (28.6%), and 38.9% had a functional performance status of ECOG 2. The median DT score was 4.0 (IQR = 2–6), with 56% reporting DT scores ≥4. The three most frequent problems ≥4 were sadness (82.6%), feeling weak (81.2%), worry (79.6%), and <4 were feeling weak (57.7%), fatigue (55.6%), and financial security (52.1%). The variables associated with distress according to the multiple logistic regression analysis were problems with housing (OR = 2.661, 95% CI = 1.538–4.602), sadness (OR = 2.533, 95% CI = 1.615–3.973), transportation (OR = 1.732, 95% CI = 1.157–2.591), eating (OR = 1.626, 95% CI = 1.093–2.417), nervousness (OR = 1.547, 95% CI = 1.014–2.360), and sleep (OR = 1.469, 95% CI = 1.980–2.203).
Conclusion
The principal factors were related to distress levels, housing problems, transportation issues, and emotional problems such as sadness, nervousness, lower functionality, and younger age. Therefore, psychosocial support is of considerable relevance in palliative care. These findings will help clinicians understand the distress of patients with advanced cancer in palliative care in Latin American countries.
Sperm capacitation includes the reorganization of plasma membrane components and the outstanding modification of the glycocalyx. The α-mannose presence and location during in vitro capacitation have been commonly described in human spermatozoa using Concanavalin A (Con A) lectin. However, it is still unclear to date how in vitro capacitation time affects the α-mannose residues and their topographic spatial distribution on sperm membrane. Here, we characterized the α-mannose density and specific membrane domain locations before and after in vitro capacitation (1–4 h) using high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Results showed that α-mannose residues were present preferably on the acrosome domains for all physiological conditions. Uncapacitated sperm comparatively exhibits significant highest labeling densities of α-mannose residues. In addition, as in vitro capacitation takes place, significant and progressive decreasing of sugar residues was combined with their relocation mostly affecting acrosomal domain apical areas. Our findings reveal that combined approach using FE-SEM and gold nanoparticle topographical mapping offers new human sperm biomolecular and structural details during capacitation events.
The behavior problems in residents may affect professionals’ performance at work, quality of work life, and even their health. Thus, it is important to have instruments that allow to estimate their prevalence. The objective of this study was to validate the Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist-Nursing Homes (RMBPC-NH; Allen et al., 2003) in a Spanish population. Specifically, it was tested the factor structure of the RMBPC-NH proposed by Wagner et al. (1995). Moreover, the relevance of the different types of problems for the working performance, at the level of individuals and institutions, was explored.
Method
In the present study, a total of 200 professionals participated.
Results
A Confirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted using WLSMV estimator in Mplus 7. Results showed a good fit to the data for the four-factor model (?2(813) = 1733.73, p<.001, CFI = .90, TIL = .90, RMSEA = .08). Thus, it can be concluded that the original factor structure proposed by Wagner et al. (1995) and replicated by Allen et al. (2003) can also be applied to Spanish staff nursing homes. The reliability of the scale was adequate (α from .86 to .93). Moreover, different descriptive and correlational results showed that both the factor scores of the Spanish adaptation of the RMBPC-NH and the importance of each type of problem were associated to different variable related.
Discussion
After analyzing the factor structure, reliability and validity of the adaptation of the RMBPC-NH scale for Spanish staff nursing homes it has found that it has good psychometric properties, so it could be a useful tool for this population.
This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grant number PSI2016-79803-R).
Acute respiratory infection is one of the main causes of morbidity in children. Some studies have suggested that pulmonary hypertension and congenital heart disease with haemodynamic repercussion increase the severity of respiratory infections, but there are few publications in developing countries.
Methods:
This was a prospective cohort study evaluating the impact of pulmonary hypertension and congenital heart disease (CHD) with haemodynamic repercussion as predictors of severity in children under 5 years of age hospitalised for acute respiratory infection.
Results:
Altogether, 217 children hospitalised for a respiratory infection who underwent an echocardiogram were evaluated; 62 children were diagnosed with CHD with haemodynamic repercussion or pulmonary hypertension. Independent predictors of admission to intensive care included: pulmonary hypertension (RR 2.14; 95% CI 1.06–4.35, p = 0.034), respiratory syncytial virus (RR 2.52; 95% CI 1.29–4.92, p = 0.006), and bacterial pneumonia (RR 3.09; 95% CI 1.65–5.81, p = 0.000). A significant difference was found in average length of hospital stay in children with the cardiovascular conditions studied (p = 0.000).
Conclusions:
Pulmonary hypertension and CHD with haemodynamic repercussion as well as respiratory syncytial virus and bacterial pneumonia were predictors of severity in children with respiratory infections in this study. Early recognition of cardiovascular risks in paediatric populations is necessary to lessen the impact on respiratory infections.
We report the bivariate
$\rm HI$
- and
$\rm H_{2}$
-stellar mass distributions of local galaxies in addition of an inventory of galaxy mass functions, MFs, for
$\rm HI$
,
$\rm H_{2}$
, cold gas, and baryonic mass, separately into early- and late-type galaxies. The MFs are determined using the
$\rm HI$
and
$\rm H_{2}$
conditional distributions and the galaxy stellar mass function (GSMF). For the conditional distributions we use the results from the compilation presented in Calette et al. [(2018) RMxAA, 54, 443.]. For determining the GSMF from
$M_{*}\sim3\times10^{7}$
to
$3\times10^{12}\ \text{M}_{\odot}$
, we combine two spectroscopic samples from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey at the redshift range
$0.0033<z<0.2$
. We find that the low-mass end slope of the GSMF, after correcting from surface brightness incompleteness, is
$\alpha\approx-1.4$
, consistent with previous determinations. The obtained
$\rm HI\,$
MFs agree with radio blind surveys. Similarly, the
$\rm H_{2}\,$
MFs are consistent with CO follow-up optically-selected samples. We estimate the impact of systematics due to mass-to-light ratios and find that our MFs are robust against systematic errors. We deconvolve our MFs from random errors to obtain the intrinsic MFs. Using the MFs, we calculate cosmic density parameters of all the baryonic components. Baryons locked inside galaxies represent 5.4% of the universal baryon content, while
$\sim\! 96\%$
of the
$\rm HI$
and
$\rm H_{2}$
mass inside galaxies reside in late-type morphologies. Our results imply cosmic depletion times of
$\rm H_{2}$
and total neutral H in late-type galaxies of
$\sim\!1.3$
and 7.2 Gyr, respectively, which shows that late type galaxies are on average inefficient in converting
$\rm H_{2}$
into stars and in transforming
$\rm HI$
gas into
$\rm H_{2}$
. Our results provide a fully self-consistent empirical description of galaxy demographics in terms of the bivariate gas–stellar mass distribution and their projections, the MFs. This description is ideal to compare and/or to constrain galaxy formation models.
OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Improve infrastructure, resources, partnerships, and metrics to enhance the research environment for Hispanic researchers as a Minority Serving Institution. To support the research infrastructure in our Campus to encourage a research culture of sustainability and productivity. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Development of four research capacity-building models to enhance the pathway of junior researchers as independent researchers:1. MSc Phase I-Scholar Award 2 years in a Post Doctoral Master in CTR ; 2. Advanced CTR Award 1 year to support research infrastructure development in submitting a grant to NIH with the mentoring of a Visiting Endowed Chair; 3. Mini Infrastructure Research Award 1 year provides funds to increase research productivity; 4. Award on Excellence in CTR recognizes a faculty member with a distinguished research portfolio that support HiREC Career Coach and Mentoring approach. HiREC targets junior faculty, early and mid-career researchers from our two partners Schools. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: HiREC has been recognize as support for research infrastructure development. Since 2011, 10 MSc Phase I-Scholar Awards have been granted increasing the pool of trained Hispanics researchers in P. R., the Advanced CTR Award of $50,000 each, from March, 2019, was granted to 2 women researchers from the SoM and 2 Visiting Endowed Chair were accepted as candidates. The Mini Infrastructure Research Award, since 2017, supported the development of 2 Science labs, data analysis, 3 peer review publications and other research capacity building. Two researchers from the SoM were honored with the HiREC 2018 Award on Excellence in CTR heighten the institutional recognition of top researchers’ endeavors. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: It’s imperative to pursue specific strategies that lead to successful research capacity-building models. By acknowledging institutional research infrastructure needs, trendy scientific and technological knowledges and researchers’ needs, HiREC have been able to successfully accomplish its mission. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: Authors have no conflict of interest in this research.
The Severi variety
$V_{d,n}$
of plane curves of a given degree
$d$
and exactly
$n$
nodes admits a map to the Hilbert scheme
$\mathbb{P}^{2[n]}$
of zero-dimensional subschemes of
$\mathbb{P}^{2}$
of degree
$n$
. This map assigns to every curve
$C\in V_{d,n}$
its nodes. For some
$n$
, we consider the image under this map of many known divisors of the Severi variety and its partial compactification. We compute the divisor classes of such images in
$\text{Pic}(\mathbb{P}^{2[n]})$
and provide enumerative numbers of nodal curves. We also answer directly a question of Diaz–Harris [‘Geometry of the Severi variety’, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.309 (1988), 1–34] about whether the canonical class of the Severi variety is effective.
The COVID-19 outbreak could be considered as an uncontrollable stressful life event. Lockdown measures have provoked a disruption of daily life with a great impact over older adults’ health and well-being. Nevertheless, eudaimonic well‐being plays a protective role in confronting adverse circumstances, such as the COVID-19 situation. This study aims to assess the association between age and psychological well-being (personal growth and purpose in life). Young–old (60–70 years) and old–old (71–80 years) community-dwelling Spaniards (N = 878) completed a survey and reported on their sociodemographic characteristics and their levels of health, COVID-19 stress-related, appraisal, and personal resources. Old–old did not evidence poorer psychological well-being than young–old. Age has only a negative impact on personal growth. The results also suggest that the nature of the COVID-19 impact (except for the loss of a loved one) may not be as relevant for the older adults’ well-being as their appraisals and personal resources for managing COVID-related problems. In addition, these results suggest that some sociodemographic and health-related variables have an impact on older adults’ well-being. Thus, perceived-health, family functioning, resilience, gratitude, and acceptance had significant associations with both personal growth and purpose in life. Efforts to address older adults’ psychological well-being focusing on older adults’ personal resources should be considered.
Verbal working memory span is decreased in patients with schizophrenia, and this might contribute to impairment in higher cognitive functions as well as to the formation of certain clinical symptoms. Processing speed has been identified as a crucial factor in cognitive efficiency in this population. We tested the hypothesis that decreased processing speed underlies the verbal working memory deficit in patients and mediates the associations between working memory span and clinical symptoms.
Method
Forty-nine schizophrenia inpatients recruited from units for chronic and acute patients, and forty-five healthy participants, were involved in the study. Verbal working memory span was assessed by means of the letter-number span. The Digit Copy test was used to assess motor speed, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test to assess cognitive speed.
Results
The working memory span was significantly impaired in patients (F(1,90) = 4.6, P < 0.05). However, the group difference was eliminated when either the motor or the cognitive speed measure was controlled (F(1,89) = 0.03, P = 0.86, and F(1,89) = 0.03, P = 0.88). In the patient group, working memory span was significantly correlated with negative symptoms (r = –0.52, P < 0.0001) and thought disorganisation (r = –0.34, P < 0.025) scores. Regression analyses showed that the association with negative symptoms was no longer significant when the motor speed measure was controlled (β = –0.12, P = 0.20), while the association with thought disorganisation was no longer significant when the cognitive speed measure was controlled (β = –0.10, P = 0.26).
Conclusions
Decrement in motor and cognitive speed plays a significant role in both the verbal working memory impairment observed in patients and the associations between verbal working memory impairment and clinical symptoms.
HIV-related damage of the central nervous system is manifested in varying severity of neurocognitive disturbances. Research on measures of executive functioning has confirmed that HIV infection is associated with progressive difficulties in these abilities. Moreover, several studies in recent years have shown that an impaired cognitive function confers a higher risk of poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy.
Objectives/Aims
The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between executive functions and ART compliance.
Methods
We designed a cross-sectional case-control survey. Cases were defined as HIV-infected patients who missing at least 10% intakes in the last year (reported by hospital pharmacy) and self-reported non-adherence by Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ). Controls were defined as HIV-infected patients who accomplishing at least last 95% intakes in the last year (reported by hospital pharmacy), and self-reported adherence by SMAQ. Patients with adherences between 90–95% were not included. Executive functions were evaluated with Wisconsin Sorting Card Test. Linear regression was employed as statistical analysis. Results were adjusted for follow-up years. Wisconsin score was already adjusted for gender, age and education level when data were corrected.
Results
Our sample was compound by 63 patients: 37 controls and 26 cases. A statistical signification (P < 0.05) was found for total correct, total errors, perseverative responses, perseverative errors, conceptual level responses and trials to complete first category score between adherence and non-adherence treatment patients.
Conclusions
In our sample worse executive function score, measured by Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, was linked to poor adherence to antiretroviral treatment in HIV patients.
Disclosure of interest
The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cannabis consumption is known to be increased in both schizophrenic and first psychotic episode patients. Contrary to what has been reported in studies with healthy people, all published studies so far have reported no impairments or even beneficial effects on neurocognition associated with cannabis consumption in schizophrenia and first psychotic episode patients. However, these studies did not address the effects of very high cannabis consumption.
Objective
Our aim in this study was to assess the effects on neurocognition of regular and heavy cannabis consumption in first psychotic episode patients.
Methods
A total of 74 patients were included in the study and assigned to 3 different groups according to their mean cannabis consumption during the last year (non-users, regular users, and heavy users). Participants were administered verbal memory, attention, processing speed, working memory, vocabulary, arithmetic and spatial orientation tasks.
Results
Our results showed the heavy cannabis group of first psychotic episode patients to be significantly impaired in all the verbal memory measures with respect to the non-users group. There were no significant differences between regular users and non-users. Moreover, regular cannabis consumption was associated with an improvement in some attention and processing speed measures.
Conclusions
Our data showed heavy cannabis consumption to impair verbal memory in first psychotic episode patients and suggest a dose-related effect of cannabis consumption, since regular consumption did not impair verbal memory and may be beneficial for other tasks.
Disclosure of interest
The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
There has been little research into the effects of menopause on symptoms, social and cognitive functioning in women with schizophrenia, and the results are controversial. The most replicated finding is that late-onset schizophrenia is more prevalent in women than in men and that this fact appears to be related to the diminution of estrogen levels during menopause.
Estrogens have a known protective effect on CNS. Animal research has shown that estrogen has a modulating effect on the dopaminergic, glutamatergic and serotonergic systems.
There are concerns about long-term use of sexual hormone therapy in postmenopausal women with regard to breast cancer risk, and the use of the selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS's) can be a better option.
Raloxifene is a SERM that is used in the preventive treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and has no effect in the breast and uterus. A number of studies seem to indicate that raloxifene acts on brain dopamine and serotonin systems in a similar way to conjugated estrogens.
In this presentation, I will show the results of some clinical trials that have studied the efficacy of raloxifene as a coadjuvant treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Our team has done two clinical trials that studied the efficacy of 60 mg of raloxifene for the treatment of negative symptoms in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia. Our results showed that raloxifene improved the negative symptoms better than placebo. We concluded that raloxifene seems to be a promising option to treat some patients with schizophrenia.
Disclosure of interest
The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The personality disorders are defined according to the DSM-5 like “an enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating markedly from those accepted by the individual's cultures. These patterns develop in adolescence and the beginning of adulthood, and are associated with significant distress or disability”. The personality disorders can be a risk factor for different processes of the psychiatric pathology like suicide. The personality disorders are classified in 3 groups according to the DSM-5:
– cluster A (strange subjects): paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal;
– cluster B (immature subjects): antisocial, bordeline, histrionic and narcissistic;
– cluster C (frightened subjects): avoidant, dependent and obsessive-compulsive.
Aims
To describe the influence of personality disorders in suicide attempts.
Methodology
Exhibition of clinical cases.
Results
In this case report, we exhibit three clinical cases of suicide attempts which correspond to a type of personality disorder belonging to each of the three big groups of the DSM-5 classification, specifically the paranoid disorder of the cluster A, the disorder borderline of cluster B and the obsessive compulsive of cluster C.
Conclusions
The personality disorders have a clear relation with the suicide attempts, increasing this influence in some of them, especially the borderline personality disorder.
Disclosure of interest
The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
There are many studies of HIV-infected patients where have found higher prevalence of substance use disorders than in general population. Moreover some factors, like presence of legal problems, substance abuse and HIV are also frequently related with poorer clinical results.
Objectives/aims
The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between substance consumption and presence of legal problems among HIV-infected patients.
Methods
Our study is a cross-sectional case-control survey. Cases were defined as HIV-infected patients who referred presence of legal problems in a sociodemographic questionnaire. Controls were defined as HIV-infected patients who denied presence of legal problems. Both groups were interrogated about illegal substance use (cocaine, heroin, cannabis, stimulants or benzodiazepines) and alcohol problematic use during previous year. Logistic regression was employed as statistical analysis. Results were adjusted for age, gender and race.
Results
Our sample was compound by 63 patients: 44 controls and 19 cases. A statistical signification was found between illegal substance use variable and presence of legal problems (P = 0.003) but not with alcohol problematic use. The condition of illegal substance use during previous year increased the risk to have legal problems 5.353 times. Another important result was found in gender, the condition of male increased the risk to have legal problems 2.32 times than female condition.
Conclusions
In our sample, substance use (cocaine, heroin, cannabis, stimulants or benzodiazepines) during previous year was related to have more legal problems. Gender, specifically male condition, also was linked with more risk to have legal problems.
Disclosure of interest
The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychiatric patients tend to have severe metabolic alterations of multifactorial causes, lifestyle, diet, drug use and psychopharmacological treatment, especially antipsychotic drugs which act as risk factors for cardiovascular disease, strokes, infections and complications of diseases basal negatively influencing its evolution and prognosis.
Objectives
Rating the profile lipid and the prevalence of obesity in patients registered as disorder mental severe in treatment with antipsychotics.
Aims/methods
A descriptive study was performed taking as variables to take into account levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, weight and size.
Results
Of the 28 patients included in the study 7 refused to perform the corresponding measurements. Of the 21 remaining, 3 showed values higher than 150 mg/dl triglycerides and cholesterol figures higher than 200 mg/dl. Other 3 patients presented hypercholesterolemia without alteration of triglycerides and 2 hypertriglyceridemia without elevation of the cholesterol. Concerning the IMC, found that 7 patients presented overweight (BMI > 25 and < 30) and 5 patients obesity (BMI > 30). Of the 8 patients with lipid disorders, 2 had prescribed treatment with risperidone (oral or injectable) more quetiapine, 2 oral risperidone as monotherapy, risperidone1 more amisulpride, 1 quetiapine more aripiprazole, quetiapine 1 in monotherapyand 1 injection invega more oxcarbamacepina.
Conclusions
We found lipid alterations in a 38.1% of patients and a BMI greater than 25 in a 57.14% of 21 patients who agreed to the study. The most prescribed antipsychoticamong these patients were risperidone (5 patients) followed closely by quetiapine (4 patients).
Disclosure of interest
The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
He income hospital represents a rupture in the continuity of life of the patient. It would be advisable to determine those variables that help to reduce them. Some studies are running to a paper protector of the treatment injection in the relapses and number of hospitalizations.
Objectives
Compare the risk of decompensation, measured in terms of income hospital or consultations to emergency, between patients to treatment injection versus oral.
Aims/methods
He is a descriptive study which assesses the number of hospital admissions and consultations to emergency departments in the period of one year (between September 2015 and September 2016) of a sample of 28 patients registered as TMS and the results are compared with the type used for antipsicotivo treatment via.
Results
We start from a sample of 28 patients, of which 17 are still a treatment intramuscular and 11 have all your guideline prescribed in oral. Patients injection treatment group needed to be admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit at least on one occasionin the past year, 7 patients and 11 patients to oral treatment, only 2 patients wereadmitted and other 2 came once to your referral hospital emergency department.
Conclusions
Of the 17 patients to treatment with injectable ingresason or needed care urgently a 41.18%, facing the 36.36% of those patients to treatment by via oral. These results do not have a protective role of injectable treatment compared with decompensation measures according to need hospitalization or urgent attention.
Disclosure of interest
The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.