References

Eugene S. Morton

doi:10.1017/9781107280519.008

Acredolo, L. P. & Goodwyn, S. W. (1990). Sign language in babies: The significance of symbolic gesturing for understanding language development. In Annals of Child Development, 7, ed. Vasta, R., pp. 1–42. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.Google Scholar

Adams, F. & Beighley, S. M. (2013). Information, meaning and animal communication. In Animal Communication Theory, Information and Influence, ed. Stegmann, U., pp. 399–420. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Adams, E. S. & Caldwell, R. L. (1990). Deceptive communication in asymmetric fights of the stomatopod crustacean Gonodactylus bredini. Animal Behaviour, 39, 706–16.Google Scholar

Adret, P. (1993). Operant conditioning, song learning and imprinting to taped song in the zebra finch. Animal Behaviour, 46, 149–59.Google Scholar

Agmo, A. & Berenfeld, R. (1990). Reinforcing properties of ejaculation in the male rat: Role of opioids and dopamine. Behavioral Neuroscience, 104, 177–82.Google Scholar

Aihara, I., de Silva, P. & Bernal, X. E. (2016). Acoustic preference of frog-biting midges (Corethrella spp) attacking Tứngara frogs in their natural habitat. Ethology, 122, 105–13.Google Scholar

Alatalo, R. V., Carlson, A., Lundberg, A. & Ulfstrand, S. (1981). The conflict between male polygamy and female monogamy: the case of the pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca. American Naturalist, 117, 738–53.Google Scholar

Alatalo, R. V., Glynn, C. & Lundberg, A. (1990). Singing rate and female attraction in the pied flycatcher: an experiment. Animal Behaviour, 39, 601–3.Google Scholar

Alcock, J. (1989). Animal Behavior: An Evolutionary Approach. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar

Anderson, C. O. & Mason, W. A. (1974). Early experience and complexity of social organization in groups of young rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 87, 681–90.Google Scholar

Andersson, M. (1986). Evolution of condition-dependent sex ornaments and mating preferences: Sexual selection based on viability differences. Evolution, 40, 804–16.Google Scholar

Andersson, M. (1994). Sexual Selection. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Andrew, R. J. (1963). The origin and evolution of the calls and facial expressions of the primates. Behaviour, 20, 1–109.Google Scholar

Apicella, C. L. & Feinberg, D. R. (2009). Voice pitch alters mate-choice-relevant perception in hunter-gatherers. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 276, 1077–82.Google Scholar

Arak, A. (1983). Sexual selection by male–male competition in natterjack toad choruses. Nature, 306, 261–2.Google Scholar

Arbib, M. A. (2013). Language, music, and the brain: a mysterious relationship. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Archer, J. (1988). The Behavioural Biology of Aggression. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Arnold, A. P., Bottjer, S. W., Brenowitz, E. A., Nordeen, E. J. & Nordeen, K. W. (1986). Sexual dimorphisms in the neural vocal control system in song birds: ontogeny and phylogeny. Brain, Behavior and Evolution, 28, 22–31.Google Scholar

Arnold, S. J. (1994). Constraints on phenotypic evolution. In Behavioral Mechanisms in Evolutionary Ecology, ed. Real, L. A., pp. 258–78. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Arnqvist, G. & Rowe, L. (2005). Sexual Conflict. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Arrowood, P. C. (1988). Duetting, pair bonding and agonistic display in parakeet pairs. Behaviour, 106, 129–57.Google Scholar

Arvidsson, B. L. & Neergaard, R. (1991). Mate choice in the willow warbler – a field experiment. Behavioral Ecology Sociobiology, 29, 225–9.Google Scholar

Aubin, T. (1987). Respective parts of the carrier and of the frequency modulation in the semantics of distress calls. Behaviour, 100, 123–33.Google Scholar

Aubin, T. (1991). Why do distress calls evoke interspecific responses? An experimental study applied to some species of birds. Behavioural Processes, 23, 103–11.Google Scholar

August, P. V. & Anderson, J. G. T. (1987). Mammal sounds and motivation-structural rules: a test of the hypothesis. Journal of Mammalogy, 68, 1–9.Google Scholar

Austen, M. J. W. & Handford, P. T. (1991). Variation in the songs of breeding Gambel’s white-crowned sparrows near Churchill, Manitoba. Condor, 93, 147–52.Google Scholar

Bacharowski, J. A. & Owren, M. J. (2001). Not all laughs are alike: voiced but not unvoiced laughter readily elicits affect. Psychological Science, 12, 252–7.Google Scholar

Baker, M. C. (1974). Genetic structure of two populations of white-crowned sparrows with different song dialects. Condor, 76, 351–6.Google Scholar

Baker, M.C. & Becker, A. M. (2002). Mobbing calls of black-capped chickadees: effects of urgency on call production. Wilson Bulletin, 114, 510–16.Google Scholar

Bakker, R. T. (1986). The dinosaur heresies: new theories unlocking the mystery of the dinosaurs and their extinction. New York: William Morrow.Google Scholar

Bálint, A., Faragó, T, Dóka, A., Miklósi, Á. & Pongrácz, P. (2013). “Beware I am big and non-dangerous!”—Playfully growling dogs are perceived larger than their actual size by their canine audience. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 148, 128–37.Google Scholar

Baptista, L. F. (1975). Song dialects and demes in sedentary populations of the white-crowned sparrow, (Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttali). University of California Publications in Zoology, 105, 1–52.Google Scholar

Baptista, L. F. (1978). Territorial, courtship and duet songs of the Cuban grassquit (Tiaris canora). Journal für Ornithologie, 119, 91–101.Google Scholar

Baptista, L. F. & Gaunt, S. L. L. (1994). Historical perspectives: Advances in studies of avian sound communication. Condor, 96, 817–30.Google Scholar

Baptista, L. F. & Petrinovich, L. (1984). Social interaction, sensitive phases and the song template hypothesis in the white-crowned sparrow. Animal Behaviour, 32, 172–81.Google Scholar

Barber, J. R., Crooks, K. R. & Fristrup, K. M. (2010). The costs of chronic noise exposure for terrestrial organisms. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 25, 180–9.Google Scholar

Barlow, G. W., Rogers, W. & Fraley, N. (1986). Do midas cichlids win through prowess or daring? It depends. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 19, 1–8.Google Scholar

Bateson, P. (1987). Imprinting as a process of competitive exclusion. In Imprinting and Cortical Plasticity: Comparative Aspects of Sensitive Periods. Wiley Series in Neuroscience, 1, ed. Rauschecker, J. P. and Marler, P., pp. 151–68. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar

Beard, K. H. & O’Neill, E. M. (2005). Infection of an invasive frog Eleuthrodactylus coqui by the cytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Hawaii. Biological Conservation, 126, 591–5.Google Scholar

Bee, M. A. (2002). Territorial male bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) do not assess fighting ability based on size-related variation in acoustic signals. Behavioral Ecology, 13, 109–24.Google Scholar

Beecher, M. D., Campbell, S. E., Burt, J. M., Hill, C. E. & Nordby, J. C. (2000). Song-type matching between neighbouring song sparrows. Animal Behaviour, 59, 21–7.Google Scholar

Beehler, B. M. (2010). The forgotten science: a role for natural history in the Twenty-first century? Journal of Field Ornithology, 81, 1–4.Google Scholar

Beer, C. G. (1973). A view of birds. Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology, 7, 47–86.Google Scholar

Beer, C. G. (1975). Multiple functions and gull displays. In Function and Evolution in Behaviour, ed. Baerends, G., Beer, C. & Manning, A., pp. 16–54. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar

Beer, C. G. (1977). What is a display? American Zoologist, 17, 155–65.Google Scholar

Beer, C. (1982). Conceptual issues in the study of communication. In Acoustic Communication in Birds, Vol. 2, Song Learning and Its Consequences, ed. Kroodsma, D. E. & Miller, E. H., pp. 279–310. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar

Beissinger, S. R. (1990). Experimental brood manipulations and the monoparental threshold in Snail Kites. American Naturalist, 136, 20–38.Google Scholar

Beletsky, L. D. (1983). Aggressive and pair-bonded maintenance songs of female red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus). Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 62, 47–54.Google Scholar

Belin, P., Fecteau, S., Charest, I. Nicastro, N., Hauser, M. D. & Armony, J. L. (2008). Human cerebral response to animal affective vocalizations. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 275, 473–81. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1460.Google Scholar

Bench, J. (1969). Some effects of audio-frequency stimulation on the crying baby. Journal of Auditory Research, 9, 122–8.Google Scholar

Benedict, L., Rose, A. & Warning, N. (2012). Canyon wrens alter their songs in response to territorial challenges. Animal Behaviour, 84, 1463–7.Google Scholar

Berger, J. (1981). The role of risks in mammalian combat: Zebra and onager fights. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 56, 297–304.Google Scholar

Berger, J. (1986). Wild Horses of the Great Basin: Social Competition and Population Size. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Bernieri, F. J., Reznick, J. S. & Rosenthal, R. (1988). Synchrony, pseudosynchrony, and dissynchrony: Measuring the entrainment process in mother–infant interactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 243–53.Google Scholar

Berridge, K. C. (1996). Food reward – brain substrates of wanting and liking. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 20, 1–25.Google Scholar

Biesmeijer, J. C. & Seeley, T. D. (2005). The use of waggle dance by honey bees throughout their foraging careers. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 59, 133–42.Google Scholar

Bilger, R. C. & Hirsh, I. J. (1956). Masking of tones by bands of noise. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 28, 623–30.Google Scholar

Birns, B., Blank, M., Bridger, W. & Escalona, S. (1965). Behavioral inhibition in neonates produced by auditory stimuli. Child Development, 36, 639–45.Google Scholar

Bischof, H.-J. (1994). Sexual imprinting as a two-stage process. In Causal Mechanisms of Behavioural Development, ed. Hogan, J. A. & Bolhuis, J. J., pp. 82–97. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Bischof, H.-J. & Clayton, N. (1991). Stabilization of sexual preferences by sexual experience in male zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata castanotis. Behaviour, 118, 144–55.Google Scholar

Bitterbaum, E. & Baptista, L. F. (1979). Geographical variation in songs of California house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus). Auk, 96, 462–74.Google Scholar

Blumberg, M. S. & Alberts, J. R. (1991). On the significance of similarities between ultrasonic vocalizations of infant and adult rats. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 15, 383–90.Google Scholar

Blumberg, M. S. & Alberts, J. R. (1997). Incidental emissions, fortuitous effects, and the origins of communication. In Communication. Perspectives in Ethology, 12, ed. Owings, D. H., Beecher, M. D. & Thompson, N. S.. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar

Blumenrath, S. A. & Dooling, R. J. (2006). Can birds discriminate between simple sounds and natural vocalization with different degrees of reverberation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 120, 3325.Google Scholar

Boellstorff, D. E., Owings, D. H., Penedo, M. C. T. & Hersek, M. J. (1994). Reproductive behaviour and multiple paternity of California ground squirrels. Animal Behaviour, 47, 1057–64.Google Scholar

Bogert, C. M. (1960). The influence of sound on amphibians and reptiles. In Animal Sounds and Communication, ed. Lanyon, W. E. & Tavolga, W., pp. 137–320. Washington: American Institute of Biological Science.Google Scholar

Bolhuis, J. J. (1991). Mechanisms of avian imprinting: a review. Biological Reviews, 66, 303–45.Google Scholar

Bolhuis, J. J. & Van Kampen, H. S. (1992). An evaluation of auditory learning in filial imprinting. Behaviour, 122, 195–230.Google Scholar

Bolinger, D. L. (1989). Intonation and Its Uses: Melody in Grammar and Discourse. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar

Bolles, R. C. (1970). Species-specific defense reactions and avoidance learning. Psychological Review, 77, 32–48.Google Scholar

Boncoraglio, G. & Saino, N. (2007). Habitat structure and the evolution of bird song: a meta-analysis of the evidence for the acoustic adaptation hypothesis. Functional Ecology, 21, 134–42.Google Scholar

Bond, A. B. (1989a). Toward a resolution of the paradox of aggressive displays: I. Optimal deceit in the communication of fighting ability. Ethology, 81, 29–46.Google Scholar

Bond, A. B. (1989b). Toward a resolution of the paradox of aggressive displays: II. Behavioral efference and the communication of intentions. Ethology, 81, 235–49.Google Scholar

Borror, D. J. (1956). Variation in Carolina wren songs. The Auk, 73, 211–29.Google Scholar

Bossema, I. & Burgler, R. R. (1980). Communication during monocular and binocular looking in European jays, (Garrulus g. glandiarus). Behaviour, 74, 274–83.Google Scholar

Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar

Bowman, R. I. (1979). Adaptive morphology of song dialects in Darwin’s finches. Journal für Ornithologie, 120, 353–89.Google Scholar

Bradbury, J. W. & Vehrencamp, S. L. (2011). Web Topic 1.2: Information and Communication. Principles of Animal Communication. 2nd edn. companion website. http://sites.sinauer.com/animalcommunication2e/Google Scholar

Brenowitz, E. A. (1982). Long-range communication of species identity by song in the red-winged blackbird. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 10, 29–38.Google Scholar

Broesch, T. L. and Bryant, G. A. (2015). Prosody in infant-directed speech is similar across western and traditional cultures. Journal of Cognition and Development, 16, 31–43.Google Scholar

Brown, A. M. (1973). High levels of responsiveness from the inferior colliculus of rodents at ultrasonic frequencies. Journal of Comparative Physiology, 83, 393–406.Google Scholar

Brown, C. H. (1982). Ventriloquial and locatable vocalizations in birds. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 59, 338–50.Google Scholar

Brumm, H. & Slabbekoorn, H. (2005). Acoustic communication in noise. Advances in the Study of Behavior, 35, 151–209.Google Scholar

Bryant, G. A. & Aktipis, C. A. (2014). The animal nature of spontaneous human laughter. Evolution and Human Behavior, 35, 327–35.Google Scholar

Burghardt, G. M. (1970). Defining “communication.” In Communication by Chemical Signals. Advances in Chemoreception, 1, ed. Johnston, J. W. Jr, Moulton, D. G. & Turk, A., pp. 5–18. New York: Appleton-Century- Crofts.Google Scholar

Byers, B. C. & Kroodsma, D. K. (2009). Female mate choice and song repertoires. Animal Behavior, 77, 13–22.Google Scholar

Byrne, J. M. & Horowitz, F. D. (1981). Rocking as a soothing intervention: The influence of direction and type of movement. Infant Behavior and Development, 4, 207–18.Google Scholar

Caine, N. G., Addington, R. L. & Windfelder, T. L. (1995). Factors affecting the rates of food calls given by red-bellied tamarins. Animal Behaviour, 50, 53–60.Google Scholar

Caldwell, R. L. (1986). The deceptive use of reputation by stomatopods. In Deception: Perspectives on Human and Nonhuman Deceit, ed. Mitchell, R. W. & Thompson, N. S., pp. 129–45. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar

Cannon, W. B. (1935). Stresses and strains of homeostasis. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 189, 1–14.Google Scholar

Capp, M. S. & Searcy, W. A. (1991). Acoustical communication of aggressive intentions by territorial male bobolinks. Behavioral Ecology, 2, 319–26.Google Scholar

Capranica, R. R., Frishkopf, L. S. & Nevo, E. (1973). Encoding of geographic dialects in the auditory system of the cricket frog. Science, 182, 1272–5.Google Scholar

Caro, T. M. & Häuser, M. D. (1992). Is there teaching in nonhuman animals? Quarterly Review of Biology, 67, 151–74.Google Scholar

Cartei, V., Bond, R. & Reby, D. (2014). What makes a voice masculine: physiological and acoustical correlates of women’s ratings of men’s vocal masculinity. Hormones and Behavior, 66, 569–76.Google Scholar

Catchpole, C. K. & Leisler, B. (1989). Variation in the song of the aquatic warbler Acrocephalus paludicola in response to playback of different song structures. Behaviour, 108, 125–38.Google Scholar

Catchpole, C. K. & Slater, P. J. B. (1995). Bird Song, Biological Themes and Variations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Centorrino, S., Djemai, E., Hopfensitz, A., Milinski, M. & Seabright, P. (2015). Honest signaling in trust interactions: smiles rated as genuine induce trust and signal higher earning opportunities. Evolution and Human Behavior, 36, 8–16.Google Scholar

Chappuis, C. (1971). Un exemple de l’enfluence du milieu sur les emissions vocales des oiseaux: l’evolution des chants en foret equitoriale. Terre et Vie, 118, 183–202.Google Scholar

Charnov, E. L. & Krebs, J. R. (1975). The evolution of alarm calls: altruism or manipulation? The American Naturalist, 109, 107–12.Google Scholar

Cheney, D. L. & Seyfarth, R. M. (1985). Vervet monkey alarm calls: manipulation through shared information? Behaviour, 94, 150–66.Google Scholar

Cheney, D. L. & Seyfarth, R. M. (1988). Assessment of meaning and the detection of unreliable signals by vervet monkeys. Animal Behaviour, 36, 477–86.Google Scholar

Cheney, D. L. & Seyfarth, R. M. (1990). How Monkeys See the World: Inside the Mind of Another Species. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Cheney, D. L., Seyfarth, R. M. & Silk, J. B. (1995). The role of grunts in reconciling opponents and facilitating interactions among adult female baboons. Animal Behaviour, 50, 249–57.Google Scholar

Cheng, M.-F. (1986). Female cooing promotes ovarian development in ring doves. Physiology and Behavior, 37, 371–4.Google Scholar

Cheng, M.-F. (1992). For whom does the female dove coo? A case for the role of vocal self-stimulation. Animal Behaviour, 43, 1035–44.Google Scholar

Cherry, C. (1957). On Human Communication: A Review, A Survey, and A Criticism. Cambridge: Technology Press of MIT.Google Scholar

Cherry, C. (1966). On Human Communication. Cambridge: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Chiver, I., Morton, E. S. & Stutchbury, B. J. M. (2006). Male blue-headed vireos delay territorial defense while on the nest incubating. Animal Behaviour, 73, 143–8.Google Scholar

Chiver, I., Stutchbury, B. J. M. & Morton, E. S. (2008). Do male plumage and song characteristics influence female off-territory forays and paternity in the hooded warbler? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 62, 1981–90.Google Scholar

Christy, J. G. (1988). Pillar function in the fiddler crab Uca beebi: 1. Competitive courtship signalling. Ethology, 78, 113–28.Google Scholar

Clayton, N. S. (1994). The influence of social interactions on the development of song and sexual preferences in birds. In Causal Mechanisms of Behavioural Development, ed. Hogan, J. A. & Bolhuis, J. J., pp. 98–115. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Clutton-Brock, T. H. & Albon, S. D. (1979). The roaring of red deer and the evolution of honest advertisement. Behaviour, 69, 145–70.Google Scholar

Clutton-Brock, T. H., Guinness, F. E. & Albon, S. D. (1982). Red Deer: Behavior and Ecology of Two Sexes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Coe, C. L. (1990). Psychobiology of maternal behavior in nonhuman primates. In Mammalian Parenting: Biochemical, Neurobiological, and Behavioral Determinants, ed. Krasnegor, N. A. & Bridges, R. S., pp. 157–83. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Cohen, G. (1990). Data-driven and conceptually-driven processing. In The Blackwell Dictionary of Cognitive Psychology, ed. Eysenck, M. W., pp. 88–9. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar

Collias, N. E. (1963). A spectrographic analysis of the vocal repertoire of the African village weaverbird. Condor, 65, 517–27.Google Scholar

Collins, S. A. (2000). Men’s voices and women’s choices. Animal Behaviour, 60, 773–80. doi:10.1006/anbe.2000.1523.Google Scholar

Compton, L. A., Clarke, J. A., Seidensticker, J. & Ingrisano, D. R. (2001). Acoustic cues of white-nosed coati vocalizations: a test of motivation-structural rules. Journal of Mammalogy, 82, 1054–8.Google Scholar

Cosens, S. E. & Falls, J. B. (1984a). Structure and use of song in the yellow-headed blackbird (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus). Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 66, 227–41.Google Scholar

Cosens, S. E. & Falls, J. B. (1984b). A comparison of sound propagation and song frequency in temperate marsh and grassland habitats. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 15, 161–70.Google Scholar

Cosmides, L. & Tooby, J. (1994). Beyond intuition and instinct blindness: toward an evolutionary rigorous cognitive science. Cognition, 50, 41–77.Google Scholar

Coss, R. G. (1991). Evolutionary persistence of memory-like processes. Concepts in Neuroscience, 2, 129–68.Google Scholar

Coss, R. G., Guse, K. L., Poran, N. S. & Smith, D. G. (1993). Development of antisnake defenses in California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi): II. Microevolutionary effects of relaxed selection from rattlesnakes. Behaviour, 124, 137–64.Google Scholar

Coss, R. G. & Owings, D. H. (1985). Restraints on ground squirrel antipredator behavior: Adjustments over multiple time scales. In Issues in the Ecological Study of Learning, ed. Johnston, T. D. & Pietrewicz, A. T., pp. 167–200. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar

Coulter, K. S. (2009). The effects of phonetic symbolism on comparative price perceptions. Advances in Consumer Research, 36, 986–7.Google Scholar

Craig, W. (1918). Appetities and aversions as constituents of instinct. Biological Bulletin, 34, 91–107.Google Scholar

Cronin, H. (1991). The Ant and the Peacock: Altruism and Sexual Selection from Darwin to Today. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Curio, E., Ernst, U. & Vieth, W. (1978). Cultural transmission of enemy recognition: One function of mobbing. Science, 202, 899–901.Google Scholar

Currie, P. J. & Sarjeant, W. A. S. (1979). Lower Cretaceous dinosaur footprint from the Peace River Canyon, British Columbia, Canada. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 28, 103–15.Google Scholar

Dabelsteen, T. & Pedersen, S. B. (1990). Song and information about aggressive responses of blackbirds, Turdus merula: evidence from interactive playback experiments with territory owners. Animal Behaviour, 40, 1158–68.Google Scholar

Dale, S. & Slagsvold, T. (1994). Polygyny and deception in the pied flycatcher: can females determine male mating status? Animal Behaviour, 48, 1207–17.Google Scholar

Darwin, C. (1871/1981). The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Darwin, C. (1872/1965). The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Davidar, P. & Morton, E. S. (1993). Living with parasites: Prevalence and effects of a blood parasite on survivorship in the Purple Martin. Auk, 110, 109–16.Google Scholar

Davies, N. B. (2000). Cuckoos, Cowbirds and Other Cheats. London: T & A. D. Poyser.Google Scholar

Davies, N. B. & Halliday, T. R. (1978). Deep croaks and fighting assessment in toads, Bufo bufo. Nature, 274, 683–5.Google Scholar

Davila-Ross, M., Owren, M. J. & Zimmermann, E. (2009). Reconstructing the evolution of laughter in great apes and humans. Current Biology, 19, 1006–11.Google Scholar

Davis, M. (1982). Interaction Rhythms: Periodicity in Communicative Behavior. New York: Human Sciences Press.Google Scholar

Dawkins, R. (1976). The Selfish Gene. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Dawkins, R. & Krebs, J. R. (1978). Animal signals: Information or manipulation? In Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach, ed. Krebs, J. R. & Davies, N. B., pp. 282–309. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar

Dawkins, R. & Krebs, J. R. (1979). Arms races between and within species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 205, 489–511.Google Scholar

Deacon, T. W. (1997) Symbolic Species: The Co-Evolution of Language and the Brain. New York and London: Norton.Google Scholar

Decoursey, P. (1961). Effect of light on the circadian activity rhythm of the flying squirrel Glaucomys volans. Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Physiologie, 44, 331–54.Google Scholar

Dennett, D. C. (1983). Intentional systems in cognitive ethology: The Tanglossian paradigm’ defended. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 6, 343–90.Google Scholar

DeWolfe, B. B., Baptista, L. F. & Petrinovich, L. (1989). Song development and territory establishment in Nuttall’s White-crowned Sparrows. Condor, 91, 397–407.Google Scholar

Dewsbury, D. A. (1992). On the problems studied in ethology, comparative psychology, and animal behavior. Ethology, 92, 89–107.Google Scholar

di Pellegrino, G., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., Gallese, V. & Rizzolatti, G. (1992). Understanding motor events: a neurophysiological study. Experimental Brain Research, 91, 176–80.Google Scholar

Dingle, H. (1969). A statistical and information analysis of aggressive communication in the mantis shrimp Gonodactylus bredini Manning (Crustacea: Stomatopoda). Animal Behaviour, 17, 561–75.Google Scholar

Dixson, A. F. (1980). Androgens and aggressive behavior in primates: A review. Aggressive Behavior, 6, 37–67.Google Scholar

Dooling, R. J. (1982). Auditory perception in birds. In Acoustic Communication in Birds, 1, ed. Kroodsma, D. E. & Miller, E. H., pp. 95–130. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar

Dooling, R. J., Leek, M. R., Gleich, O. & Dent, M. L. (2002). Auditory temporal resolution in birds: discrimination of harmonic complexes. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 112, 748–59.Google Scholar

Drahota, A., Costall, A. & Reddy, V. (2008). The vocal communication of different types of smile. Speech Communication, 50, 278–87.Google Scholar

Driver, P. M. & Humphries, D. A. (1969). The significance of the high-intensity alarm call in captured passerines. Ibis, 111, 243–4.Google Scholar

Ducheminsky, N., Henzi, S. P. & Barrett, L. (2014). Responses of vervet monkeys in large troops to terrestrial and aerial predator alarm calls. Behavioral Ecology, 25, 1474–84.Google Scholar

Duchenne de Boulogne, G.-B. (1862). The Mechanisms of Human Facial Expression. Paris: Jules Reynard.Google Scholar

Duellman, W. E. & Pyles, R. A. (1983). Acoustic resource partitioning in anuran communities. Copeia, 639–49.Google Scholar

Dunlap, R.A. (2016). The effect of vessel noise on humpback whale, Megatera novaeanglia. Animal Behaviour, 111, 13–21.Google Scholar

Dunlap, R. A., Cato, D. H. & Noad, M. J. (2014). Evidence of a Lombard response in migrating humpback whales (Megaptera novaranglia). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 136, 430–7.Google Scholar

Dyer, F. C. (1994). Spatial cognition and navigation in insects. In Behavioral Mechanisms in Evolutionary Ecology, ed. Real, L. A., pp. 66–98. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Ekman, P. (1992). Facial expressions of emotion: an old controversy and new findings. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 335, 63–9.Google Scholar

Ekman, P. (2001). Telling Lies: Clues to Deceit in the Marketplace, Politics, and Marriage. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.Google Scholar

Ekman, P. & Friesen, W. V. (1982). Felt, false, and miserable smiles. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 6, 238–52.Google Scholar

Ekman, P. & Friesen, W. V. (1988). Smiles when lying. Journal of Personal Social Psychology, 54, 414–20.Google Scholar

Elfenbein, H. A., Sorenson, E. R. & Friesen, W. V. (2002). On the universality and cultural specificity of emotion recognition: a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 203–35.Google Scholar

Elowson, A. M., Tannenbaum, P. L. & Snowdon, C. T. (1991). Food-associated calls correlate with food preferences in cotton-top tamarins. Animal Behaviour, 42, 931–7.Google Scholar

Emlen, S. T., Wrege, P. H. & Demong, N. J. (1995). Making decisions in the family: an evolutionary perspective. American Scientist, 83, 148–57.Google Scholar

Endler, J. A. (1992). Signals, signal conditions, and the direction of evolution. American Naturalist, 139, S125–53.Google Scholar

Enquist, M. (1985). Communication during aggressive interactions with particular reference to variation in choice of behaviour. Animal Behaviour, 33, 1152–61.Google Scholar

Evans, C. (1997). Referential signals. In Communication. Perspectives in Ethology, 12, ed. Owings, D. H., Beecher, M. D. & Thompson, . New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar

Evans, R. M. (1990a). Embryonic fine tuning of pipped egg temperature in the American white pelican. Animal Behaviour, 40, 963–8.Google Scholar

Evans, R. M. (1990b). Vocal regulation of temperature by avian embryos: a laboratory study with pipped eggs of the American white pelican. Animal Behaviour, 40, 969–79.Google Scholar

Evans, R. M. (1992). Embryonic and neonatal vocal elicitation of parental brooding and feeding responses in American white pelicans. Animal Behaviour, 44, 667–75.Google Scholar

Evans, R. M. (1994). Cold-induced calling and shivering in young American white pelicans: honest signalling of offspring need for warmth in a functionally integrated thermoregulatory system. Behaviour, 129, 13–34.Google Scholar

Ey, E. & Fischer, J. (2009). The “acoustic adaptation hypothesis” – a review of the evidence from birds, anurans and mammals. Bioacoustics, 19, 21–48. doi:10.1080/09524622.2009.9753613Google Scholar

Falk, D. (2004). Prelinguistic evolution in early hominins: whence motherese? Behavior and Brain Sciences, 27, 481–503.Google Scholar

Fanselow, M. S. (1989). The adaptive function of conditioned defensive behavior: An ecological approach to Pavlovian stimulus-substitution theory. In Ethoexperimental Approaches to the Study of Behavior. NATO Advanced Science Institutes Series. Series D: Behavioural and Social Sciences, 48, ed. Blanchard, R. J., Brain, P. F., Blanchard, D. C. & Parmigiani, S., pp. 151–66. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar

Fanselow, M. S. (1991). Analgesia as a response to aversive Pavlovian conditional stimuli: cognitive and emotional mediators. In Fear, Avoidance and Phobias: a Fundamental Analysis, ed. Denny, M. R., pp. 61–86. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar

Faragó, T., Pongrácz, P. Miklosi, Á., Huber, L. & Virányi, Z. (2010). Dogs expectation about signaler’s body size by virtue of their growls. PLOS one, doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015175.Google Scholar

Fernald, A. (1992). Human maternal vocalizations to infants as biologically relevant signals: An evolutionary perspective. In The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture, ed. Barkow, J. H., Cosmides, L. & Tooby, J., pp. 345–82. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Ficken, M. S., Ficken, R. W. & Witkin, S. R. (1978). Vocal repertoire of the Black-capped Chickadee. Auk, 95, 34–48.Google Scholar

Ficken, R. W., Ficken, M. S. & Hailman, J. P. (1974). Temporal pattern shifts to avoid acoustic interference in singing birds. Science, 183, 762–3.Google Scholar

Fisher, R. A. (1930). The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar

Fitch, H. S. (1949). Study of snake populations in central California. American Midland Naturalist, 41, 513–79.Google Scholar

Fleischman, L. (1992). The influence of the sensory system and the environment on motion patterns in the visual displays of anoline lizards and other vertebrates. American Naturalist, 139, S36–S61.Google Scholar

Fletcher, H. & Munson, W. A. (1937). Relation between loudness and masking. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 9, 1–10.Google Scholar

Fogassi, L., Ferrari, PF., Gesierich, B., Rozzi, S., Chersi, F., Rizzolatti, G. (2005). Parietal lobe: from action organization to intention understanding. Science, 308, 662–7.Google Scholar

Folger, T. (1993). The blood of the dinos. Discover, 14, 99.Google Scholar

Frazer, G., Sissom, D., Rice, D. & Peters, G. (1991). How cats purr. Journal of the Zoological Society of London, 223, 67–78.Google Scholar

Freeberg, T. M. (2008). Complexity in the chick-a-dee call of Carolina chickadees (Poecile carolinensis): associations of context and signaler behavior to call structure. The Auk, 125, 896–907.Google Scholar

Fricke, H. C. & Rogers, R. R. (2000). Multiple taxon-multiple locality approach to providing oxygen isotope evidence for warm-blooded theropod dinosaurs. Geology, 28, 799–802.Google Scholar

Fridlund, A. J. (1994). Human Facial Expression: An Evolutionary View. San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar

Frings, H, Frings, M., Cox, B. & Peirsner, L. (1955). Auditory and visual mechanisms in food-finding behavior of the herring gull. The Wilson Bulletin, 67, 155–70.Google Scholar

Fry, W. F. (1994). The biology of humor. HUMOR, International Journal of Humor Research, 7, 111–26.Google Scholar

Galef, B. G. (1981). The ecology of weaning: Parasitism and the achievement of independence by altricial mammals. In Parental Care in Mammals, ed. Gubernick, D. J. & Klopfer, P. H., pp. 211–41. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar

Galef, B. G. & Wigmore, S. W. (1983). Transfer of information concerning distant foods: A laboratory investigation of the “information-centre” hypothesis. Animal Behaviour, 31, 748–58.Google Scholar

Gallese, V., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., Rizzolatti, G. (1996). Action recognition in the premotor cortex. Brain, 119, 593–609.Google Scholar

Garner, R. L. (1892). The Speech of Monkeys. New York: Charles L. Webster.Google Scholar

Geist, V. (1966). The evolution of horn-like organs. Behaviour, 27, 175–214.Google Scholar

Geist, V. (1974). On fighting strategies in animal combat. Nature, 250, 354.Google Scholar

Gerhardt, H. C. (1987). Evolutionary and neurobiological implications of selective phonotaxis in the green treefrog, Hyla cinerea. Animal Behaviour, 35, 1479–89.Google Scholar

Getty, T. (1996). Mate selection by repeated inspection: more on pied flycatchers. Animal Behaviour, 51, 739–45.Google Scholar

Gil, M. & De Marco, R. J. (2010). Decoding the information in the honeybee dance: revisiting the tactile hypothesis. Animal Behaviour, 80, 887–94.Google Scholar

Gil, D, Honarmand, M., Pascual, J., Perez-Mena, E. & Macias Garcia, C. (2015). Birds living near airports advance their dawn chorus and reduce overlap. Behavioral Ecology, 26, 435–43.Google Scholar

Gill, S.A., Job, J. R., Myers, K., Naghshineh, K. & Vonhof, M. (2014). Toward a broader characterization of anthropogenic noise and its effects on wildlife. Behavioral Ecology, doi:10.1093/beheco/aru219.Google Scholar

Gingras, B., Boeckle, M., Herbst, C. T. & Fitch, W. T. (2013). Call acoustics reflect body size across four clades of anurans. Journal of Zoology, 289, 143–50.Google Scholar

Gish, S. L. & Morton, E. S. (1981). Structural adaptations to local habitat acoustics in Carolina wren songs. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 56, 74–84.Google Scholar

Godard, R. (1991). Long-term memory of individual neighbours in a migratory songbird. Nature, 350, 228–9.Google Scholar

Gompertz, T. (1967). The hiss-display of the great tit. Vogelwelt, 88, 165–9.Google Scholar

Gottlander, K. (1987). Variation in the song rate of the male pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca): causes and consequences. Animal Behavior, 35, 1037–43.Google Scholar

Gottlieb, G. (1993). Social induction of malleability in ducklings: Sensory basis and psychological mechanism. Animal Behaviour, 45, 707–19.Google Scholar

Gould, J. L. (1975). Honey bee recruitment: the dance language controversy. Science, 189, 685–93.Google Scholar

Gould, J. L. (2004). Animal cognition. Current Biology, 14, R373-R375.Google Scholar

Gould, J. L. & Marler, P. (1987). Learning by Instinct. Scientific American, 256, 74–85.Google Scholar

Gould, S. J. (1977). Ontogeny and Phylogeny. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Gouzoules, H. & Gouzoules, S. (1989). Design features and developmental modification of pigtail macaque, Macaca nemestrina, agonistic screams. Animal Behaviour, 37, 383–401.Google Scholar

Gouzoules, S., Gouzoules, H. & Marler, P. (1984). Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatto) screams: representational signalling in the recruitment of agonistic aid. Animal Behaviour, 32, 182–93.Google Scholar

Green, S. & Marler, P. (1979). The analysis of animal communication. In Social Behavior and Communication. Handbook of Behavioral Neurobiology, 3, ed. Marler, P. & Vandenbergh, J. G., pp. 73–158. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar

Greene, H. W. (1988). Antipredator mechanisms in reptiles. In Biology of the Reptilia: Defense and Life History. Biology of the Reptilia, 16, ed. Gans, C. & Huey, R. B., pp. 1–152. New York: Alan R. Liss.Google Scholar

Greenewalt, C. H. (1968). Bird Song: Acoustics and Physiology. Washington: Smithsonian.Google Scholar

Greenfield, M. D. (1994). Cooperation and conflict in the evolution of signal interactions. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 25, 97–126.Google Scholar

Greenwood, D. D. (1961). Auditory masking and the critical band. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 33, 484–92.Google Scholar

Greig-Smith, P. W. (1980). Parental investment in nest defence by stonechats (Saxicola torquata). Animal Behaviour, 28, 604–19.Google Scholar

Griffin, D. R. (1981). The Question of Animal Awareness. New York: The Rockefeller Press.Google Scholar

Griggio, G., Matessi, G. & Pilastro, A. (2004). Should I stay or should I go? Female brood desertion and male counterstrategy in rock sparrows. Behavioral Ecology, 16, 435–41.Google Scholar

Grinnell, J. & McComb, K. (1996). Maternal grouping as a defense against infanticide by males: evidence from field playback experiments on African lions. Behavioral Ecology, 7, 55–9.Google Scholar

Guilford, T. & Dawkins, M. S. (1991). Receiver psychology and the evolution of animal signals. Animal Behaviour, 42, 1–14.Google Scholar

Guilford, T. & Dawkins, M. S. (1992). Understanding signal design: a reply to Blumberg & Alberts. Animal Behaviour, 44, 384–5.Google Scholar

Guilford, T. & Dawkins, M. S. (1993). Are warning colors handicaps? Evolution, 47, 400–16.Google Scholar

Gustafson, G. E. & Green, J. A. (1989). On the importance of fundamental frequency and other acoustic features in cry perception and infant development. Child Development, 60, 772–80.Google Scholar

Gustafson, G. E. & Green, J. A. (1991). Developmental coordination of cry sounds with visual regard and gestures. Infant Behavior and Development, 14, 51–7.Google Scholar

Haggerty, T. M. & Morton, E. S. (1995). No. 188: Carolina wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus). In The Birds of North America, ed. Poole, A. & Gill, F.. Washington: The American Ornithologists’ Union; Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences.Google Scholar

Hailman, J. P. (1977). Optical Signals. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar

Hall, M. L. (2009). A review of duetting in birds. Advances in the Study of Behavior, 40, 67–121.Google Scholar

Hamilton, W. D. (1964). The genetical evolution of social behaviour, I & II. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 1, 1–52.Google Scholar

Hamilton, W. J. I. & McNutt, J. W. (1997). Determinants of conflict behavior. In Communication. Perspectives in Ethology, 12, ed. Owings, D. H., Beecher, M. D. & Thompson, N. S.. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar

Hansen, A. J. (1986). Fighting behavior in bald eagles: A test of game theory. Ecology, 67, 787–97.Google Scholar

Hansen, P. (1979). Vocal learning: its role in adapting sound structures to longdistance propagation, and a hypothesis on its evolution. Animal Behaviour, 27, 1270–1.Google Scholar

Hanson, M. (1995). The Development of the California Ground Squirrels’ Mammalian and Avian Antipredator Behavior. PhD, University of California, Davis.Google Scholar

Harper, D. G. C. (1991). Communication. In Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach, ed. Krebs, J. R. & Davies, N. B., pp. 374–97. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.Google Scholar

Harrington, F. H. (1987). Aggressive howling in wolves. Animal Behaviour, 35, 7–12.Google Scholar

Hart, P. J., Hall, R., Ray, W., Beck, A. & Zook, J. (2015). Cicadas impact bird communication in a noisy tropical rainforest. Behavior Ecology, 26, 839–42.Google Scholar

Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J. T. & Rapson, R. L. (1994). Emotional Contagion. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Hauser, M. D. (1991). Sources of acoustic variation in rhesus macaque (Macaca mulattta) vocalizations. Ethology, 89, 29–46.Google Scholar

Hauser, M. D. (1996). The Evolution of Communication. Cambridge: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Hauser, M. D. & Marler, P. (1993a). Food-associated calls in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulattao): I. Socioecological factors. Behavioral Ecology, 4, 194–205.Google Scholar

Hauser, M. D. & Marler, P. (1993b). Food-associated calls in rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta): II. Costs and benefits of call production and suppression. Behavioral Ecology, 4, 206–12.Google Scholar

Hauser, M. D. & Nelson, D. A. (1991).“Intentional” signaling in animal communication. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 6, 186–9.Google Scholar

Heinroth, O. (1911/1985). Contributions to the biology, especially the ethology and psychology of the Anatidae (English translation). In Foundations of Comparative Ethology, ed. Burghardt, G. M., pp. 246–301. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.Google Scholar

Helfer, B. & Osiejuk, T. S. (2015).It takes all kinds in acoustic communication: a new perspective on the song overlapping phenomenon. Ethology, 121, 315–26.Google Scholar

Hennessy, D. F. & Owings, D. H. (1988). Rattlesnakes create a context for localizing their search for potential prey. Ethology, 77, 317–29.Google Scholar

Hennessy, D. F., Owings, D. H., Rowe, M. P., Coss, R. G. & Leger, D. W. (1981). The information afforded by a variable signal: Constraints on snake-elicited tail flagging by California ground squirrels. Behaviour, 78, 188–226.Google Scholar

Herndon, J. G., Turner, J. J. & Collins, D. C. (1981). Ejaculation is important for mating-induced testosterone increases in male rhesus monkeys. Physiology and Behavior, 27, 873–7.Google Scholar

Hersek, M. J. (1990). Behavior of predator and prey in a highly coevolved system: Northern Pacific rattlesnakes and California ground squirrels. PhD, University of California, Davis.Google Scholar

Hersek, M. J. & Owings, D. H. (1993). Tail flagging by adult California ground squirrels: a tonic signal that serves different functions for males and females. Animal Behaviour, 46, 129–38.Google Scholar

Hersek, M. J. & Owings, D. H. (1994). Tail flagging by young California ground squirrels, Spermophilus beecheyi: age-specific participation in a tonic communicative system. Animal Behaviour, 48, 803–11.Google Scholar

Hinde, R. A. (1981). Animal signals: ethological and games-theory approaches are not incompatible. Animal Behaviour, 29, 535–42.Google Scholar

Hinde, R. A. (1985). Was “The expression of the emotions” a misleading phrase? Animal Behaviour, 33, 985–92.Google Scholar

Hodl, W. (1977). Call differences and calling site segregation in anuran species from Central Amazonian floating meadows. Oecologia, 28, 351–63.Google Scholar

Hofer, M. A. (1987). Early social relationships: a psychobiologist’s view. Child Development, 58, 633–7.Google Scholar

Hofer, M. A., Brunelli, S. A. & Shair, H. N. (1993). Ultrasonic vocalization responses of rat pups to acute separation and contact comfort do not depend on maternal thermal cues. Developmental Psychobiology, 26, 81–95.Google Scholar

Hofer, M. A., Brunelli, S. A. & Shair, H. N. (1994). Potentiation of isolation-induced vocalization by brief exposure of rat pups to maternal cues. Developmental Psychobiology, 27, 503–17.Google Scholar

Hoffman, M. L. (1978). Toward a theory of empathie arousal and development. In The Development of Affect, ed. Lewis, M. & Rosenblum, L. A., pp. 227–56. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar

Hogstedt, G. (1983). Adaptation unto death: function of fear screams. American Naturalist, 121, 562–70.Google Scholar

Hoi-Leitner, M., Nechtelberger, H. & Hoi, H. (1995). Song rate as a signal for nest site quality in blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 37, 399–405.Google Scholar

Holekamp, K. E. & Sherman, P. W. (1989). Why male ground squirrels disperse. American Scientist, 11, 232–9.Google Scholar

Hollén, L. I. & Manser, M. B. (2007). Motivation before meaning: motivational information encoded in meerkat alarm calls develops earlier than referential information. American Naturalist, 169, 758–67.Google Scholar

Hollén, L. I. & Radford, A. N. (2009). The development of alarm call behavior in mammals and birds. Animal Behaviour, 78, 791–800.Google Scholar

Hollis, K. L. (1984). The biological function of Pavlovian conditioning: The best defense is a good offense. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 10, 413–25.Google Scholar

Hollis, K. L. (1990). The role of Pavlovian conditioning in territorial aggression and reproduction. In Contemporary Issues in Comparative Psychology, ed. Dewsbury, D. A., pp. 197–219. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar

Holzer, B., Jacat, A. & Brinkoff, M. W. G. (2003). Conditon-dependent signaling affects male sexual attractiveness in field crickets, Gryllus campestris. Behavioral Ecology, 14, 353–9.Google Scholar

Hoogland, J. L. (1983). Nepotism and alarm calling in the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus). Animal Behaviour, 31, 472–9.Google Scholar

Hopkins, C. D. (1983). Sensory mechanisms in animal communication. In Animal Behaviour, Vol. 2, Communication, ed. Halliday, T. R. & Slater, P. J. B., pp. 114–55. San Francisco: W. B. Freeman.Google Scholar

Hopp, S. L. & Morton, E. S. (1998). Sound playback studies. In Animal Acoustic Communication: Sound Analysis and Research Methods, ed. Hopp, S. L., Owren, M. J. & Evans, C. S., pp. 323–52. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar

Hopson, J. A. (1975). The evolution of cranial display structures in hadrosaurian dinosaurs. Paleobiology, 1, 21–43.Google Scholar

Hopson, J. A. (1977). Relative brain size and behavior in archosaurian reptiles. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 8, 429–48.Google Scholar

Horisk, C. & Crocroft, R. B. (2013). Animal signals: always influence, sometimes information. In Animal Communication Theory, Information and Influence, ed. Stegmann, U., pp. 259–80. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Horn, A. G. (1997). Speech acts and animal signals. In Communication. Perspectives in Ethology, 12, ed. Owings, D. H., Beecher, M. D. & Thompson, N. S.. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar

Horn, A. G. & McGregor, P. M. (2013). Influence and information in communication networks. In Animal Communication Theory, Information and Influence, ed. Stegmann, U., pp. 43–62. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Horner, J. R. & Makela, R. (1979). Nest of juveniles provides evidence of family structure among dinosaurs. Nature, 28, 296–8.Google Scholar

Hughes, M. K., Hughes, A. L. & Covalt-Dunning, D. (1982). Stimuli eliciting foodcalling in domestic chickens. Applied Animal Ethology, 8, 543–50.Google Scholar

Humphrey, N. K. (1976). The social function of intellect. In Growing Points in Ethology, ed. Bateson, P. P. G. & Hinde, R. A., pp. 303–18. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Hunter, P. G. & Schellenberg, E. G. (2010). Music and emotion. In Music Perception, ed. Jones, M. R., Fay, R. R. & Popper, A. N., pp. 129–64. New York: Springer.Google Scholar

Huron, D. (2015). Affect induction through musical sounds: an ethological perspective. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 370, 122–8.doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0098.Google Scholar

Huxley, J. (1923). Courtship activities in the red-throated diver (Colymbus stellatus Pontopp.); together with a discussion of the evolution of courtship in birds. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 53, 253–92.Google Scholar

Huxley, J. S. (1938). The present standing of the theory of sexual selection. In Evolution: Essays on Aspects of Evolutionary Biology Presented to Professor E.S. Goodrich on his Seventieth Birthday, ed. deBeer, G.R., pp. 11–42. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar

Immelmann, K. (1969). On the effect of early experience upon sexual object fixation in estrildine finches. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 26, 677–91.Google Scholar

Insley, S. J. (1996). Studies of Mother–Offspring Vocal Recognition in the Northern Fur Seal. PhD, University of California, Davis.Google Scholar

Ivanitski, V. V., Antipov, V. A. & Morova, I. M. (2015). The thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) in Moscow and Moscow suburbs: city noise influences the frequency parameters of its song. Biological Bulletin, 42, 724–7.Google Scholar

Johnston, R. F., Niles, D. M. & Rohwer, S. A. (1972). Hermon Bumpus and natural selection on the house sparrow, Passer domesticus. Evolution, 26, 20–31.Google Scholar

Jürgens, U. (1979). Vocalizations as an emotional indicator, a neuroethological study in the squirrel monkey. Behaviour, 69, 88–117.Google Scholar

Juslin, P. N. & Laukka, P. (2003). Communication of emotion in vocal expression and music performance: different channels same code? Psychological Bulletin, 129, 770–814.Google Scholar

Juslin, P. N. & Laukka, P. (2004) Expression, perception, and induction of musical emotions: A review and a questionnaire study of everyday listening, Journal of New Music Research, 33, 217–38.Google Scholar

Kamil, A. C. (1994). A synthetic approach to the study of animal intelligence. In Behavioral Mechanisms in Evolutionary Ecology, ed. Real, L. A., pp. 11–45. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Kaneyuki, H., Yokoo, H., Tsuda, A., Yoshida, M., Mizuki, Y., Yamada, M. & Tanaka, M. (1991). Psychological stress increases dopamine turnover selectively in mesoprefrontal dopamine neurons of rats: reversal by diazepam. Brain Research, 557, 154–61.Google Scholar

Karakashian, S. J., Gyger, M. & Marler, P. (1988). Audience effects on alarm calling in chickens (Gallus gallus). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 102, 129–35.Google Scholar

Kardong, K. V. (1986). Predatory strike behavior of the rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis oreganus. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 100, 304–314.Google Scholar

Keverne, E. B., Martensz, N. D. & Tuite, B. (1989). Beta-endorphin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of monkeys are influenced by grooming relationships. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 14, 155–61.Google Scholar

King, J. A. (1955). Social behavior, social organization, and population dynamics in a black-tailed prairiedog town in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Contributions from the Laboratory of Vertebrate Biology, University of Michigan, 67, 1–123.Google Scholar

Klauber, L. M. (1940). A statistical study of the rattlesnakes. VII. The rattle, Part 1. Occasional Papers of the San Diego Society for Natural History, 6, 1–62.Google Scholar

Klink, R. (2000). Creating brand names with meaning, the use of sound symbolism. Marketing Letters, 11, 5–20.Google Scholar

Klinnert, M. D., Campos, J. J., Sorce, J. F., Emde, R. N. & Svejda, M. (1983). Emotions as behavior regulators: Social referencing in infancy. In The Emotion. Emotion in Early Development, 2, ed. Plutchik, R. & Kellerman, H., pp. 57–86. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar

Klump, G. (1996). Bird communication in the noisy world. In Ecology and Evolution of Acoustic Communication in Birds, ed. Kroodsma, D. E. & Miller, E. H., pp. 321–38. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Klump, G. M., Kretzschmar, E. & Curio, E. (1986). The hearing of an avian predator and its avian prey. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 18, 317–23.Google Scholar

Kodric-Brown, A. & Brown, J. H. (1984). Truth in advertising: the kinds of traits favored by sexual selection. American Naturalist, 124, 309–23.Google Scholar

Kohler, E., Keysers, C., Umiltà, M. A., Fogassi, L.,Gallese, V. & Rizzolatti, G. (2002). Hearing sounds, understanding actions: Action representation in mirror neurons. Science, 297, 846–8.Google Scholar

Konishi, M. (1965). The role of auditory feedback in the control of vocalization in the white-crowned sparrow. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 22, 770–83.Google Scholar

Konishi, M. (1969). Time resolution by single auditory neurones in birds. Nature, 222, 566–7.Google Scholar

Konoka, V., Nagy, K. & Miklosí, A. (2015). How do humans represent the emotions of dogs? The resemblance between the human representation of the canine and the human affective space. Applied Animal Behaviour, 162, 37–46. doi:10.1016/j.appl anim.2014.11.003.Google Scholar

Kraemer, G. W. (1992). A psychobiological theory of attachment. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 15, 493–541.Google Scholar

Krebs, J. R., Ashcroft, R. & Orsdol, K. V. (1981). Song matching in the great tit, Parus major. Animal Behaviour, 29, 919–23.Google Scholar

Krebs, J. R. & Dawkins, R. (1984). Animal signals: Mind reading and manipulation. In Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Appraoch, ed. Krebs, J. R. & Davies, N. B., pp. 380–402. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar

Kroodsma, D. E. (1984). Songs of the alder flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum) and willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) are innate. Auk, 101, 13–24.Google Scholar

Kroodsma, D. E. (1985). Development and use of two song forms by the eastern phoebe. Wilson Bulletin, 97, 21–9.Google Scholar

Kroodsma, D. E. (1989). Male eastern phoebes (Sayornis phoebe; Tyrannidae, Passeriformes) fail to imitate songs. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 103, 227–32.Google Scholar

Kroodsma, D. E. & Baylis, J. R. (1982). Appendix: a world survey of evidence for vocal learning in birds. In Acoustic Communication in Birds, 2, ed. Kroodsma, D. E. & Miller, E. H., pp. 311–37. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar

Kroodsma, D. E. & Canady, R. A. (1985). Differences in repertoire size, singing behavior, and associated neuroanatomy among Marsh Wren populations have a genetic basis. Auk, 102, 439–46.Google Scholar

Kroodsma, D. E., Hamilton, D., Sánchez, J. E., Byers, B. E., Fandiño-Mariño, H., Stemple, D. W., Trainer, J. M. & Powell, G. V. N. (2013). Behavioral evidence for song learning In the suboscine bellbirds (Procnias spp.; Cotingidae). The Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 125, 1–14.Google Scholar

Kroodsma, D.E. & Konishi, M. (1991). A suboscine bird (Sayornis phoebe) develops normal song without auditory feedback. Animal Behavior, 42, 477–87.Google Scholar

Kroodsma, D. E. & Verner, J. (1987). Use of song repertoires among marsh wren populations. Auk, 104, 63–72.Google Scholar

Lande, R. (1981). Models of speciation by sexual selection on polygenic characters. Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 78, 3721–5.Google Scholar

Lauder, G. V. (1981). Form and function: structural analysis in evolutionary morphology. Paleobiology, 7, 430–42.Google Scholar

Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and Adaptation. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Leger, D. W. (1993). Contextual sources of information and responses to animal communication signals. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 295–304.Google Scholar

Leger, D. W. & Owings, D. H. (1978). Responses to alarm calls by California ground squirrels: Effects of call structure and maternal status. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 3, 177–86.Google Scholar

Lingle, S., Wyman, M. T., Kotrba, R., Teichroeb, L. J. & Romanow, C. A. (2012). What makes a cry a cry? A review of infant distress vocalizations. Current Zoology, 58, 698–726.Google Scholar

Linhart, P. & Fuchs, R. (2015). Song pitch indicates body size and correlates with males’ response to playback in a songbird. Animal Behaviour, 103, 91–98.Google Scholar

Loffredo, C. A. & Borgia, G. (1986). Sexual selection, mating systems, and the evolution of avian acoustical displays. American Naturalist, 128, 773–94.Google Scholar

Logue, D. M. (2007). How do they duet? Sexually dimorphic behavioural mechanisms structure duet songs in the black-bellied wren. Animal Behaviour, 73, 105–13.Google Scholar

Lơpez, P. & Martin, J. (2011). Male Iberian rock lizards may reduce the costs of fighting by scent matching of the resource holders. Behavioral Ecology and Socioiology, 65, 1891–8.Google Scholar

Lord, K., Feinstein, M. & Coppinger, R. (2009). Barking and mobbing. Behavioural Processes, 81, 358–68. doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2009.04.008.Google Scholar

Lorenz, K. (1970). Konrad Lorenz: Studies of Human and Animal Behaviour (English translation by R D Martin). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Loughry, W. J. & McDonough, C. M. (1988). Calling and vigilance in California ground squirrels: A test of the tonic communication hypothesis. Animal Behaviour, 36, 1533–40.Google Scholar

Macedonia, J. M. (1990). What is communicated in the antipredator calls of lemurs: Evidence from playback experiments with ringtailed and ruffed lemurs. Ethology, 86, 177–90.Google Scholar

Macedonia, J. M. & Evans, C. S. (1993). Variation among mammalian alarm call systems and the problem of meaning in animal signals. Ethology, 93, 177–97.Google Scholar

Magrath, R. D., Pitcher, B. J. & Gardner, J. L. (2007). A mutual understanding? Interspecific responses by birds to each other’s alarm calls. Behavioral Ecology, 18, 944–51.Google Scholar

Mainwaring, W. I. P., Haining, S. A. & Harper, B. (1988). The functions of testosterone and its metabolites. In Hormones and their Actions. 1, ed. Cooke, B. A., King, R. J. B. & van der Molen, H. J., pp. 169–96. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publications.Google Scholar

Margoliash, D. (1983). Acoustic parameters underlying the responses of song-specific neurons in the white-crowned sparrow. Journal of Neuroscience, 3, 1039–57.Google Scholar

Margoliash, D. & Konishi, M. (1985). Auditory representation of autogenous song in the song system of white-crowned sparrows. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 82, 5997–6000.Google Scholar

Markl, H. (1985). Manipulation, modulation, information, cognition: Some of the riddles of communication. In Experimental Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, ed. Holldobler, B. & Lindauer, M., pp. 163–94. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar

Marler, P. (1955). Characteristics of some animal calls. Nature, 176, 6–8.Google Scholar

Marler, P. (1956). The voice of the chaffinch and its function as language. Ibis, 98, 231–61.Google Scholar

Marler, P. (1959). Developments in the study of animal communication. In Darwin’s Biological Work, Some Aspects Reconsidered, ed. Bell, P. R., pp. 150–206. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar

Marler, P. (1961). The logical analysis of animal communication. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 1, 295–317.Google Scholar

Marler, P. (1970). A comparative approach to vocal learning: Song development in white-crowned sparrows. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 71, 1–25.Google Scholar

Marler, P. (1984). Animal communication: Affect or cognition? In Approaches to Emotion, ed. Scherer, K. R. & Ekman, P., pp. 345–65. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar

Marler, P., Dufty, A. & Pickert, R. (1986). Vocal communication in the domestic chicken: I. Does a sender communicate information about the quality of a food referent to a receiver? Animal Behaviour, 34, 188–93.Google Scholar

Marler, P., Evans, C. S. & Häuser, M. D. (1992). Animal signals: motivational, referential, or both? In Nonverbal Vocal Communication: Comparative and Developmental Approaches, ed. Papousek, H., Jurgens, U. & Papousek, M., pp. 66–86. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Marler, P. & Hamilton, W. J. (1966). Mechanisms of Animal Behavior. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar

Marler, P., Karakashian, S. & Gyger, M. (1991). Do animals have the option of withholding signals when communication is inappropriate? The audience effect. In Cognitive Ethology: The Minds of Other Animals (Essays in Honor of Donald R. Griffin), ed. Ristau, C. A., pp. 187–208. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar

Marler, P. & Peters, S. (1989). Species differences in auditory responsiveness in early vocal learning. In The Comparative Psychology of Audition: Perceiving Complex Sounds, ed. Dooling, R. J. & Hülse, S. H., pp. 243–73. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar

Marler, P. & Tamura, M. (1962). Song “dialects” in three populations of white-crowned sparrows. Condor, 64, 368–77.Google Scholar

Marler, P. & Tamura, M. (1964). Culturally transmitted patterns of vocal behavior in sparrows. Science, 146, 1483–6.Google Scholar

Martel, F. L., Nevison, C. M., Simpson, M. J. A. & Keverne, E. B. (1995). Effects of opioid receptor blockade on the social behavior of rhesus monkeys living in large family groups. Developmental Psychobiology, 28, 71–84.Google Scholar

Marten, K. & Marler, P. (1977). Sound transmission and its significance for animal communication. I. Temperate habitats. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2, 271–90.Google Scholar

Marten, K., Quine, D. & Marler, P. (1977). Sound transmission and its significance for animal vocalization. II. tropical forest habitats. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2, 291–302.Google Scholar

Martin, G. (1981). Avian vocalizations and the sound interference model of Roberts et al. Animal Behaviour, 29, 632–3.Google Scholar

Maruscukova, J. L., Linhart, T. P., Ratcliffe, V. F., Taillet, C., Reby, D. & Spinka, M. (2015). Humans (Homo sapiens) judge the emotional content of piglet calls based on simple acoustic parameters. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 129, 121–31.Google Scholar

Masco, C., Allesina, S., Mennill, D. J. & Pruett-Jones, S. (2016). The song overlap null model generator (SONG): a new tool for distinguishing between random and non-random song overlap. Bioacoustics, 25, 29–40.Google Scholar

Mason, W. A. (1971). Motivational factors in psychosocial development. In Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, ed. Arnold, W. J. & Page, M. M., pp. 35–67. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar

Mason, W. A. (1979a). Environmental models and mental modes: Representational processes in the great apes. In The Great Apes: Perspective on Human Evolution, ed. Hamburg, D. A. & McCown, E. R., pp. 277–93.Google Scholar

Mason, W. A. (1979b). Ontogeny of social behavior. In Handbook of Behavioral Neurobiology, Vol. 3, ed. Marler, P. & Vandenbergh, J. G., pp. 1–28. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar

Mason, W. A. (1979c). Wanting and knowing: A biological perspective on maternal deprivation. In Origins of the Infant’s Social Responsiveness, ed. Thoman, E., pp. 225–49. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar

Mason, W. A. (1986). Behavior implies cognition. In Integrating Scientific Disciplines, ed. Bechtel, W., pp. 297–307. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.Google Scholar

Mateo, J. M. (1996). The development of alarm-call response behaviour in free-living juvenile Belding’s ground squirrels. Animal Behaviour, 52, 489–505.Google Scholar

Maynard Smith, J. (1974). The theory of games and the evolution of animal conflicts. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 47, 209–21.Google Scholar

Maynard Smith, J. (1979). Game theory and the evolution of behaviour. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 205, 475–88.Google Scholar

Maynard Smith, J. (1982). Evolution and the Theory of Games. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Maynard Smith, J. & Harper, D. (2003). Animal Signals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Maynard Smith, J. & Harper, D. G. C. (1995). Animal signals: models and terminology. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 177, 305–11.Google Scholar

Maynard Smith, J. & Price, G. R. (1973). The logic of animal conflict. Nature, 246, 15–18.Google Scholar

Mayr, E. (1961). Causes and effect in biology. Science, 134, 1501–6.Google Scholar

Mayr, E. (1963). Animal Species and Evolution. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Mayr, E. (1982). The Growth of Biological Thought. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University.Google Scholar

Mayr, E. (1988). Toward a New Philosophy of Biology: Observations of an Evolutionist. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

McComb, K., Taylor, A. M., Wilson, C. & Charlton, B. D. (2009). The cry embedded within the purr. Current Biology, 19, R507-R508.Google Scholar

McConnell, P. B. (1991). Lessons from animal trainers: The effect of acoustic structure on an animal’s response. In Perspectives in Ethology. 9, ed. Bateson, P. P. G. & Klopfer, P. H., pp. 165–87. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar

McDermott, J. (2008). The evolution of music. Nature, 453, 287–8.Google Scholar

McDonald, P. G., Rollins, R. A., & Godfrey, S. (2016). The relative importance of spatial proximity, kin selection and potential “greenbeard” signals on provisioning behavior among helpers in a cooperative bird. Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology 70, 133–43.Google Scholar

McGregor, P. K. (1992). Playback and Studies of Animal Communication. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar

McGregor, P. K. (1994). Sound cues to distance: the perception of range. In Perception and Motor Control in Birds, ed. Davies, M. N. O. & Green, P. R., pp. 74–94. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar

McGregor, P. K. (Ed.) (2005). Animal Communication Networks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

McGregor, P. K. & Avery, M. I. (1986). The unsung songs of great tits (Parus major): learning neighbour’s songs for discrimination. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 18, 311–16.Google Scholar

McGregor, P. K. & Dabelsteen, T. (1996). Communication networks. In Ecology and Evolution of Acoustic Communication in Birds, ed. Kroodsma, D. E. & Miller, E. H., pp. 409–25. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

McGregor, P. K. & Falls, R. B. (1984). The response of western meadowlarks (Sturnella neglecta) to the playback of undegraded and degraded calls. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62, 2125–8.Google Scholar

McGregor, P. K. & Krebs, J. R. (1984). Sound degradation as a distance cue in great tit (Parus major) song. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 16, 49–56.Google Scholar

McGregor, P. K., Krebs, J. R. & Ratcliffe, L. M. (1983). The response of great tits (Parus major) to the playback of degraded and undegraded songs: the effect of familiarity with the stimulus song type. Auk, 100, 898–906.Google Scholar

Meier, V., Rasa, O. A. E. & Scheich, H. (1983). Call system similarity in a ground-living social bird and a mammal in the bush habitat. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 12, 5–9.Google Scholar

Melchior, H. R. (1971). Characteristics of Arctic ground squirrel alarm calls. Oecologia, 7, 184–90.Google Scholar

Michaels, C. F. & Carello, C. (1981). Direct Perception. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar

Michelsen, A. (1978). Sound reception in different environments. In In Sensory Ecology, Review and Perspectives, ed. Ali, M. A., pp. 345–73. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar

Miles, L. & Johnston, L. (2007). Detecting happiness: perceiver sensitivity to enjoyment and non-enjoyment smiles. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 31, 259–71.Google Scholar

Miller, J. G. (1965). Living systems: Basic concepts. Behavioral Science, 10, 193–411.Google Scholar

Mineka, S. & Cook, M. (1988). Social learning and the acquisition of snake fear in monkeys. In Social Learning: Biological and Psychological Perspectives, ed. Zentall, T. R. & Galef, B. G., pp. 51–74. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar

Mineka, S., Davidson, M., Cook, M. & Keir, R. (1984). Observational conditioning of snake fear in rhesus monkeys. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 355–72.Google Scholar

Mitchell, R. W. (1986). A framework for discussing deception. In Deception: Perspectives on Human and Nonhuman Deceit, ed. Mitchell, R. W. & Thompson, N. S., pp. 3–40. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar

Møller, A. P. (1990). Deceptive use of alarm calls by male swallows, Hirundo rustica: A new paternity guard. Behavioral Ecology, 1, 1–6.Google Scholar

Molnar-Szakacs, I. (2015). Please don’t stop the music: commentary on “Musical sounds, motor resonance, and detectable agency”. Empirical Musicology Review, 10, 46–9.Google Scholar

Molnar-Szakacs, I., & Overy, K. (2006). Music and mirror neurons: From motion to “e”motion. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 1, 235–41.Google Scholar

Mooney, R. (2009). Neurobiology of song learning. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 19, 654–60.Google Scholar

Morse, D. H. (1974). Niche breadth as a function of social dominance. American Naturalist, 108, 818–30.Google Scholar

Morton, E. S. (1970). Ecological sources of selection on avian sounds. PhD, Yale University.Google Scholar

Morton, E. S. (1975). Ecological sources of selection on avian sounds. American Naturalist, 109, 17–34.Google Scholar

Morton, E. S. (1977). On the occurrence and significance of motivation-structural rules in some bird and mammal sounds. American Naturalist, 111, 855–69.Google Scholar

Morton, E. S. (1982). Grading, discreteness, redundancy, and motivation-structural rules. In Acoustic Communication in Birds, 1, ed. Kroodsma, D. E. & Miller, E. H., pp. 183–212. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar

Morton, E. S. (1986). Predictions from the ranging hypothesis for the evolution of long distance signals in birds. Behaviour, 99, 65–86.Google Scholar

Morton, E. S. (1987). The effects of distance and isolation on song-type sharing in the Carolina Wren. Wilson Bulletin, 99, 601–10.Google Scholar

Morton, E. S. (1988). “Innate”: Outdated and inadequate or linguistic convenience? Brain & Behavioral Sciences, 11, 642–3.Google Scholar

Morton, E. S. (1994). Sound symbolism and its role in non-human vertebrate communication. In Sound Symbolism and Human Speech, ed. Hinton, L., Ohala, J. & Nichols, J., pp. 348–65. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Morton, E. S. (1996a). Why songbirds learn songs: an arms race over ranging? Poultry & Avian Biology Reviews, 7, 65–71.Google Scholar

Morton, E. S. (1996b). A comparison of vocal behavior among tropical and temperate passerine birds. In The Evolution and Ecology of Vocal Behavior in Birds, ed. Kroodsma, D. E. & Miller, E. H., pp. 258–68. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Morton, E. S. (2000). An evolutionary view of the origins and functions of avian vocal communication. Japanese Journal of Ornithology, 49, 68–78.Google Scholar

Morton, E. S. (2012). Putting distance back into bird song with mirror neurons. The Auk, 129, 560–4.Google Scholar

Morton, E. S. & Coss, R. G. (2013). Mitogenetic rays and the information metaphor: transmitted information has had its day. In Animal Communication Theory, Information and Influence, ed. Stegmann, U. E., pp. 207–32. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Morton, E. S. & Derrickson, K. C. (1996). Song ranging by the dusky antbird, Cercomacra tyrannina: ranging without song learning. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 39, 195–201.Google Scholar

Morton, E. S., Forman, L. & Braun, M. (1990). Extrapair fertilizations and the evolution of colonial breeding in purple martins. Auk, 107, 275–83.Google Scholar

Morton, E. S., Gish, S. L. & Van der Voort, M. (1986). On the learning of degraded and undegraded songs in the Carolina wren. Animal Behaviour, 34, 815–20.Google Scholar

Morton, E. S., Howlett, J., Kopysh, N. C. & Chiver, I. (2006). Song ranging by incubating male Blue-headed Vireos: the importance of song representation in repertoires and implications for song delivery patterns and local/foreign dialect discrimination. Journal of Field Ornithology, 77, 291–301. doi: 10.1111/j.1557–9263.2006.00055.xGoogle Scholar

Morton, E. S. & Page, J. (1992). Animal Talk: Science and the Voices of Nature. New York: Random House.Google Scholar

Morton, E. S. & Shalter, M. D. (1977). Vocal response to predators in pair-bonded Carolina wrens. Condor, 79, 222–7.Google Scholar

Morton, E. S. & Stutchbury, B. J. M. (2012). Vocal communication in androgynous territorial defense by migratory birds. International Scholarly Research Network Zoology, doi:10.5402/2012/729307.Google Scholar

Morton, E. S., Stutchbury, B. J. M. & Chiver, I. (2010). Parental conflict and brood desertion by females in blue-headed vireos. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 64, 947–54. doi: 10.1007/s00265-010-0910-7.Google Scholar

Morton, E. S., Stutchbury, B. J. M., Howlett, J. S. & Piper, W. H. (1998). Genetic monogamy in the blue-headed vireo and a comparison with a sympatric vireo with extrapair paternity. Behavioral Ecology, 9, 515–24.Google Scholar

Morton, E. S. & Young, K. (1986). A previously undescribed method of song matching in a species with a single song “type,” the Kentucky warbler (Oporornis formosus). Ethology, 72, 334–42.Google Scholar

Mountjoy, D. J. & Lemon, R. E. (1996). Female choice for complex song in the European starling: A field experiment. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 38, 65–71.Google Scholar

Moynihan, M. (1970). Control, suppression, decay, disappearance and replacement of displays. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 29, 85–112.Google Scholar

Moynihan, M. (1973). The evolution of behavior and the role of behavior in evolution. Breviora, 415, 1–29.Google Scholar

Moynihan, M. (1982). Why is lying about intentions rare during some kinds of contests? Journal of Theoretical Biology, 97, 7–12.Google Scholar

Moynihan, M. (1985). Communication and Noncommunication by Cephalopods. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar

Moynihan, M. (1998). The Social Regulation of Competition and Aggression: With a Discussion of Tactics and Strategies. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.Google Scholar

Murray, I. R. & Arnott, J. L. (2008). Applying an analysis of acted vocal emotions to improve the simulation of synthetic speech. Computer Speech & Language, 22, 107–29.Google Scholar

Myrberg, A. A. (1981). Sound communication and hearing in fishes. In Hearing and Sound Communication in Fishes, ed. Tavolga, W. N., Popper, A. N. & Fay, R. R., pp. 395–426. New York: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar

Naguib, M. & Wiley, R. H. (2001). Estimating the distance to a source of sound: mechanisms and adaptations for long-range communication. Animal Behaviour, 62, 825–37.Google Scholar

Narins, P. M. & Capranica, R. R. (1976). Sexual differences in the auditory system of the treefrog Eleutherodactylus coqui. Science, 192, 378–80.Google Scholar

Narins, P. M. & Smith, S. L. (1986). Clinal variation in anuran advertisement calls: basis for acoustic isolation? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 19, 135–41.Google Scholar

Negus, V. E. (1949). The Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of the Larynx. New York: Hafner.Google Scholar

Neil, S. J. (1983). Contests for space in breeding Cichlasoma meeki: The use of increased apparent size displays. Behaviour, 87, 283–97.Google Scholar

Nelson, D. A. (1984). Communication of intentions during agonistic contexts by the pigeon guillemot, Cepphus Columbia. Behaviour, 88, 145–89.Google Scholar

Nelson, D. A., Marler, P. & Palleroni, A. (1995). A comparative approach to vocal learning: intraspecific variation in the learning process. Animal Behaviour, 50, 83–97.Google Scholar

Nemeth, E., Pieretti, N., Zollinger, S. A., Geberzahn, N., Partecke, J., Miranda, A. C. & Brumm, H. (2013). Bird song and anthropogenic noise: vocal constraints may explain why birds sing higher-frequency songs in cities. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 280, doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.2798.Google Scholar

Neudorf, D. L., Stutchbury, B. J. M. & Piper, W. L. (1997). Covert extraterritorial behavior of female hooded warblers. Behavioral Ecology, 8, 595–600.Google Scholar

Neuweiler, G. (1990). Auditory adaptations for prey capture in echolocating bats. Physiological Reviews, 70, 615–41.Google Scholar

Nicastro, N. & Owren, M. J. (2003). Classification of domestic cat (Felis catus) vocalizations by naïve and experienced human listeners. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 117, 44–52.Google Scholar

Niedenthal, P. M., Mermellod, M., Maringer, M. & Hess, U. (2010). The simulation of smiles (SIM) model: embodied simulation and the meaning of facial expression. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33, 417–80.Google Scholar

Norman-Haignere, S., Kanwisher, N. G.& McDermott, J. H. (2015). Distinct cortical pathways for music and speech revealed by hypothesis-free voxel decomposition. Neuron, 88, 1281–96.Google Scholar

Nottebohm, F. (1975a). zoologist’s view of some language phenomenon with particular emphasis on vocal learning. In Foundations of Language Development, vol.1, ed. Lenneberg, E. H. & Lenneberg, E., pp. 61–103. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar

Nottebohm, F. (1975b). Continental patterns of song variability in Zonotrichia capensis: some possible correlates. American Naturalist, 109, 605–24.Google Scholar

Nottebohm, F., Alverez-Buylla, A., Cynx, J., Kirn, J., Ling, C.-Y., Nottebohm, M., Suter, R., Tolles, A. & Williams, H. (1990). Song learning in birds: The relation between perception and production. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 329,115–24.Google Scholar

Oetting, S., Prove, E. & Bischof, H.-J. (1995). Sexual imprinting as a two-stage process: Mechanisms of information storage and stabilization. Animal Behaviour, 50, 393–403.Google Scholar

Ohala, J. J. (1980). The acoustic origin of the smile. Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, 68, S33.Google Scholar

Ohala, J. J. (1982). The voice of dominance. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 72, S66.Google Scholar

Ohala, J. J. (1984). An ethological perspective on common cross-language utilization of F₀ of voice. Phonetica, 41, 1–16.Google Scholar

Ohala, J. J. (1994). The frequency code underlies the sound-symbolic use of voice pitch. In Sound Symbolism, ed. Hinton, L., Nichols, J. & Ohala, J. J., pp. 325–47. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Ohala, J. J. (2010). What’s behind the smile? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33, 456–7.Google Scholar

Őhman, A. & Mineka, S. (2003). The malicious serpent: snakes as a prototypical stimulus for an evolved module of fear. Current Directions in Psychological Sciences, 12, 5–9.Google Scholar

Orci, K. M, Petroczki, K. & Barta, Z. (2016). Instantaneous song modification in response to fluctuating traffic noise. Animal Behaviour, 112, 187–94.Google Scholar

Overy, K. & Molnar-Szakacs, I. (2009). Being together in time: musical experience and the mirror neuron system. Music Perception, 26, 489–504.Google Scholar

Owings, D. H. (1994). How monkeys feel about the world: A review of how monkeys see the world. Language and Communication, 14, 15–30.Google Scholar

Owings, D. H. & Coss, R. G. (1991). Context and animal behavior I: Introduction and review of theoretical issues. Ecological Psychology, 3, 1–9.Google Scholar

Owings, D. H. & Hennessy, D. F. (1984). The importance of variation in sciurid visual and vocal communication. In The Biology of Ground-Dwelling Squirrels: Annual Cycles, Behavioral Ecology, and Sociality, ed. Mûrie, J. A. & Michener, G. R., pp. 169–200. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar

Owings, D. H., Hennessy, D. F., Leger, D. W. & Gladney, A. B. (1986). Different functions of “alarm” calling for different time scales: A preliminary report on ground squirrels. Behaviour, 99, 101–16.Google Scholar

Owings, D. H. & Leger, D. W. (1980). Chatter vocalizations of California ground squirrels: Predator- and social-role specificity. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 54, 163–84.Google Scholar

Owings, D. H. & Loughry, W. J. (1985). Variation in snake-elicited jumpyipping by black-tailed prairie dogs: Ontogeny and snake specificity. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 70, 177–200.Google Scholar

Owings, D. H. & Morton, E. S. (1997). The role of information in communication: an assessment/management approach. In Communication. Perspectives in Ethology, 12, ed. Owings, D. H., Beecher, M. D. & Thompson, N. S.. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar

Owings, D. H. & Morton, E. S. (1998). Animal Vocal Communication: a New Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Owings, D. H. & Owings, S. C. (1979). Snake-directed behavior by black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 49, 35–54.Google Scholar

Owings, D. H. & Virginia, R. A. (1978). Alarm calls of California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi). Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 46, 58–78.Google Scholar

Owings, D. H. & Zeifman, D. M. (2004). Human infant crying as an animal communication system: insights from an assessment/management approach. In Evolution of Communication Systems: A Comparative Approach, ed. Oller, D. K. & Griebel, U.. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Owren, M. J., Amoss, R. T. & Rendall, D. (2010). Two organizing principles of vocal production: implications for nonhuman and human primates. American Journal of Primatology, 71, 1–15.Google Scholar

Owren, M. J. & Rendall, D. (1997). An affective-conditioning model of nonhuman primate vocal signaling. In Communication. Perspectives in Ethology, 12, ed. Owings, D. H., Beecher, M. D. & Thompson, N. S.. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar

Owren, M. J. & Rendall, D. (2001). Sound on the rebound: bringing form and function back to the forefront in understanding nonhuman primate vocal signaling. Evolutionary Anthropology 10, 58–71.Google Scholar

Owren, M. J., Rendall, D. & Bachorowski, J. A. (2003). Nonlinguistic vocal communication. In: Primate Psychology, ed. Maestripieri, D.. pp. 359–94. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Palleroni, A., Hauser, M. & Marler, P. (2005). Do responses of galliform birds vary adaptively with predator size? Animal Cognition, 8, 200–10.Google Scholar

Parker, G. A. (1974). Assessment strategy and the evolution of fighting behaviour. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 47, 223–43.Google Scholar

Parker, G. A. (1979). Sexual selection and sexual conflict. In Sexual Selection and Reproductive Competition in Insects, ed. Blum, M. and Blum, N., pp. 123–66. New York and London: Academic Press.Google Scholar

Parker, G. A. & Rubenstein, D. I. (1981). Role assessment, reserve strategy, and acquisition of information in asymmetric animal contests. Animal Behaviour, 29, 221–40.Google Scholar

Parr, L. A. & Waller, B. (2006). Understanding chimpanzee facial expression: insights into the evolution of communication. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 1, 221–8.Google Scholar

Parris, K. M. & McCarthy, M. A. (2013). Predicting the effects of urban noise on the active space of avian vocal signals. American Naturalist, 182, 452–64.Google Scholar

Paton, D. (1986). Communication by agonistic displays: II. Perceived information and the definition of agonistic displays. Behaviour, 99, 157–75.Google Scholar

Patricelli, G L., Coleman, S. W. & Borgia, G. (2006). Male satin bowerbirds, Ptilonorhynchus violaceous, adjust their display intensity in response to female startling: an experiment with robotic females. Animal Behaviour, 71, 49–59.Google Scholar

Payne, R. B. (1979). Song structure, behavior, and sequence of song types in a population of village indigobirds, Vidua chalybeata. Animal Behavior, 27, 997–1013.Google Scholar

Peirce, C. S. (1958). The Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, 1931–1935. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Pereira, M. E. & Macedonia, J. M. (1991). Ringtailed lemur anti-predator calls denote predator class, not response urgency. Animal Behaviour, 41, 543–4.Google Scholar

Peters, G. (1984). On the structure of friendly close range vocalizations in terrestrial carnivores (Mammalia, Carnivora, Fissipedia). Zeitschrift für Saugetierkunde, 49, 157–82.Google Scholar

Peters, G. (1989). Acoustic communication by fissiped carnivores. In Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution, ed. Gittleman, J. L., pp. 14–56. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Piaget, J. (1971). Biology and Knowledge. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Pickens, A. L. (1928). Auditory protective mimicry of the chickadee. Auk, 45, 302–4.Google Scholar

Pisanski, K., Fraccaro, P. J., O’Connor, J. M. & Feinberg, D. R. (2014). Return to Oz: voice pitch facilitates assessments of men’s body size. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Human Perception and Performance, 40, 1316–31. doi: 10.1037/a0036956.Google Scholar

Pisanski, K., Jones, B. C., Fink, B., O’Connor, J. M., DeBruine, L. M., Röder, S. & Feinberg, D. R. (2016). Voice parameters predict sex-specific body morphology in men and women. Animal Behaviour, 112, 13–22.Google Scholar

Pitcher, B. J., Mesaudi, A. & McElliott, A. G. (2013). Sex-biased sound symbolism in English-language first names. PLOS One, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064825.Google Scholar

Ploog, D. W. (1992). The evolution of vocal communication. In Nonverbal Vocal Communication: Comparative and Developmental Approaches, ed. Papousek, V., Jurgens, U. & Papousek, M., pp. 6–30. Cambridge and Paris: Cambridge University Press and Editions de la Science de l’Homme.Google Scholar

Pogány, Á., Szentirmai, I., Komdeur, J. & Székely, T. (2008). Sexual conflict and consistency of offspring desertion in Eurasian penduline tit Remiz pendulinus. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 8, 242. doi:10.1186/1471–2148/8/242.Google Scholar

Pongrácz, P., Molnár, Cs. & Miklósi, Á. (2006). Acoustic parameters of dog barks carry emotional information for humans. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 100, 228–40.Google Scholar

Pongrácz, P., Molnár, Cs., Miklósi, Á. & Csányi, V. (2005). Human listeners are able to classify dog barks recorded in different situations. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 119, 136–44.Google Scholar

Poole, J. H. (1987). Rutting behavior in African elephants: The phenomenon of musth. Behaviour, 102, 283–316.Google Scholar

Poole, J. H. (1989a). Announcing intent: The aggressive state of musth in African elephants. Animal Behaviour, 37, 140–52.Google Scholar

Poole, J. H. (1989b). Mate guarding, reproductive success and female choice in African elephants. Animal Behaviour, 37, 842–9.Google Scholar

Poole, J. H., Kasman, L. H., Ramsay, E. C. & Lasley, B. L. (1984). Musth and urinary testosterone concentrations in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 70, 255–60.Google Scholar

Poole, J. H. & Moss, C. J. (1981). Musth in the African elephant, Loxodonta africana. Nature, 292, 830–1.Google Scholar

Popp, J. W. & Ficken, R. W. (1987). Effects of non-specific singing on the song of the ovenbird. Bird Behaviour, 7, 22–6.Google Scholar

Poran, N. S. & Coss, R. G. (1990). Development of antisnake defenses in California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi): I. Behavioral and immunological relationships. Behaviour, 112, 222–45.Google Scholar

Prather, J. F., Peters, S., Nowicki, S. & Mooney, R. (2008). Precise auditory-vocal mirroring in neurons for learned vocal communication. Nature, 451, 305–10.Google Scholar

Pridmore-Brown, D. C. & Ingard, U. (1955). Sound propagation into the shadow zone in a temperature-stratified atmosphere above a plane boundary. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 27, 36–42.Google Scholar

Prins, H. H. T. (1989). Condition changes and choice of social environment in African buffalo bulls. Behaviour, 108, 297–324.Google Scholar

Proctor, H. C. (1993). Sensory exploitation and the evolution of male mating behaviour: A cladistic test using water mites. Animal Behaviour, 44, 745–52.Google Scholar

Provine, R. R. (1996a). Laughter. American Scientist, 84, 38–45.Google Scholar

Provine, R. R. (1996b). Contagious yawning and laughter: Significance for sensory feature detection, motor pattern generation, imitation, and the evolution of social behavior. In Social Learning in Animals: The Roots of Culture, ed. Heyes, C. M. & Galef, B. G., pp. 179–208. San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar

Provine, R. R. & Yong, Y. L. (1991). Laughter: a stereotyped vocalization. Ethology, 89, 115–24.Google Scholar

Prum, R. O. (2014). Interspecific social dominance mimicry in birds. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 172, 910–41.Google Scholar

Puts, D. A. (2005). Mating context and menstrual phase affect women’s perferences for male voice pitch. Evolution of Human Behavior, 26, 388–97. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.03.001.Google Scholar

Puts, D. A., Apicella, C. L. & Cardenas, R. A. (2012). Masculine voices signal men’s threat potential in forager and industrial societies. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 279, 601–9. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2011.0829.Google Scholar

Radesater, T., Jakobsson, S., Andbjer, N., Bylin, A. & Nystrom, K. (1987). Song rate and pair formation in the willow warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus. Animal Behavior, 35, 1645–51.Google Scholar

Rand, A. S. & Ryan, M. J. (1981). The adaptive significance of a complex vocal repertoire in a neotropical frog. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 57, 209–14.Google Scholar

Rasa, O. A. E. (1986). Coordinated vigilance in dwarf mongoose family groups: the “watchman’s song” hypothesis and the costs of guarding. Ethology, 71, 340–4.Google Scholar

Reby, D., MccComb, K., Cargnelutti, B. et al. (2005). Red deer stags use formants as assessment cues during intrasexual agonistic interactions. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 272, 941–7.Google Scholar

Reichert, M. S. & Gerhardt, H. C. (2013). Gray tree frogs, Hyla versicolor, give lower-frequency aggressive calls in more escalated contests. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 67, 795–804.Google Scholar

Reid, M. L. (1987). Costliness and reliability in the singing vigour of Ipswich sparrows. Animal Behavior, 35, 1735–43.Google Scholar

Rendall, D. (1996). Social communication and vocal recognition in free-ranging rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatto). PhD, University of California, Davis.Google Scholar

Rendall, D. & Owren, M. J. (2013). Communication without meaning or information: abandoning language-based and informational constructs in animal communication theory, ed. Stegmann, U. E., pp. 151–88. In Animal Communication Theory, Information and Influence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Rendall, D., Owren, M. J. & Ryan, M. J. (2009). What do animal signals mean? Animal Behaviour, 78, 233–40.Google Scholar

Rendall, D., Rodman, P. S. & Emond, R. E. (1996). Vocal recognition of individuals and kin in free-ranging rhesus monkeys. Animal Behaviour, 51, 1007–15.Google Scholar

Rescorla, R. A. (1988). Pavlovian conditioning: It’s not what you think it is. American Psychologist, 43, 151–60.Google Scholar

Revell, L. J. (2012). Phytools: an R package for phylogenetic comparative biology. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 3, 217–23.Google Scholar

Richards, D. G. (1981). Estimation of distance of singing conspecifics by the Carolina wren. Auk, 98, 127–33.Google Scholar

Richards, D. G. & Wiley, R. H. (1980). Reverberations and amplitude fluctuations in the propagation of sound in a forest: implications for animal communiction. American Naturalist, 115, 381–99.Google Scholar

Riechert, S. E. (1978). Games spiders play: Behavioral variability in territorial disputes. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 3, 135–62.Google Scholar

Riechert, S. E. E. (1982). Interaction strategies: Communication vs. coercion. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Riede, T. & Fitch, T. (1999). Vocal tract length and acoustics of vocalization in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). Journal of Experimental Biology, 202, 2859–67.Google Scholar

Rios-Chelen, A. A., Lee, G. C. & Patricelli, G. L. (2015). Anthropogenic noise is associated with changes in acoustic but not visual signals in red-winged blackbirds. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 69, 1139–51.Google Scholar

Rizzolatti, G. & Craighero, L. (2004). The mirror-neuron system. Annual Review of Neuroscience 27, 169–92.Google Scholar

Roberts, J. P., Hunter, M. L. & Kacelnik, A. (1981). The ground effect and acoustic communication. Animal Behaviour, 29, 633–4.Google Scholar

Roberts, T. F., Tschida, K. A., Klein, M. E. & Mooney, R. (2010). Rapid spine stabilization and synaptic enhancement at the onset of behavioural learning. Nature, 463, 948–52.Google Scholar

Rodd, F. H. & Hughes, K. A. (2002). A possible non-sexual origin of mate preference: are male guppies mimicking a fruit? Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 269, 475–81.Google Scholar

Rosenblatt, J. S. (1992). Hormone–behavior relations in the regulation of parental behavior. In Behavioral Endocrinology, ed. Becker, J. B., Breedlove, S. M. & Crews, D., pp. 219–59. Cambridge: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Rothstein, S. I. (1975). Evolutionary rates and host defenses against avian brood parasites. American Naturalist, 109, 161–76.Google Scholar

Rothstein, S. I. & Fleischer, R. C. (1987). Vocal dialects and their possible relation to honest status signaling in the brown-headed cowbird. Condor, 89, 1–23.Google Scholar

Rowe, M. P., Coss, R. G. & Owings, D. H. (1986). Rattlesnake rattles and burrowing owl hisses: A case of acoustic Batesian mimicry. Ethology, 72, 53–71.Google Scholar

Rowe, M. P. & Owings, D. H. (1978). The meaning of the sound of rattling by rattlesnakes to California ground squirrels. Behaviour, 66, 252–67.Google Scholar

Rowe, M. P. & Owings, D. H. (1990). Probing, assessment, and management during interactions between ground squirrels and rattlesnakes. Part 1: Risks related to rattlesnake size and body temperature. Ethology, 86, 237–49.Google Scholar

Rowe, M. P. & Owings, D. H. (1996). Probing, assessment, and management during interactions between ground squirrels (Rodentia: Sciuridae) and rattlesnakes (Squamata: Viperidae). 2: Cues afforded by rattlesnake rattling. Ethology, 102, 856–74.Google Scholar

Rowell, T. E. (1962). Agonistic noises of the Rhesus monkey. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London, 8, 91–6.Google Scholar

Rundus, A. S., Owings, D. H., Joshi, S. S., Chinn, E. & Giannini, N. (2009). Ground squirrels use an infrared signal to deter rattlesnake predation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 104, 14372–6.Google Scholar

Ryan, M. J. (1980). Female mate choice in a neotropical frog. Science, 209, 523–5.Google Scholar

Ryan, M. J. (1985). The Túngara Frog: A Study in Sexual Selection and Communication. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Ryan, M. J. (1990). Sensory systems, sexual selection, and sensory exploitation. Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology, 7, 157–95.Google Scholar

Ryan, M. J. (1994). Mechanisms underlying sexual selection. In Behavioral Mechanisms in Evolutionary Ecology, ed. Real, L. A., pp. 190–215. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Ryan, M. J. (1998). Receiver biases, sexual selection, and the evolution of sex differences. Science, 281, 1999–2003.Google Scholar

Ryan, M. J. (2013). The importance of integrative biology to sexual selection and communication. In Animal Communication Theory, Information and Influence, ed. Stegmann, U. E., pp. 233–55. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Ryan, M. J. & Keddy, H. A. (1992). Directional patterns of female mate choice and the role of sensory biases. American Naturalist, 139, S4–S35.Google Scholar

Ryan, M. J. & Rand, A. S. (1990). The sensory basis of sexual selection for complex calls in the Túngara frog, Physalaemus pustulosus (sexual selection for sensory exploitation). Evolution, 44, 305–14.Google Scholar

Ryan, M. J. & Rand, A. S. (1993a). Phylogenetic patterns of behavioral mate recognition systems in the Physalaemus pustulosus species group (Anura: Leptodactylidae): The role of ancestral and derived characters and sensory exploitation. In Evolutionary Patterns and Processes, ed. Lees, D. & Edwards, D., pp. 251–67. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar

Ryan, M. J. & Rand, A. S. (1993b). Sexual selection and signal evolution: The ghost of biases past. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, B, 340, 187–95.Google Scholar

Ryan, M. J. & Rand, A. S. (1993c). Species recognition and sexual selection as a unitary problem in animal communication. Evolution, 47, 647–57.Google Scholar

Ryan, M. J., Fox, J. H., Wilczynski, W. & Rand, A. S. (1990). Sexual selection for sensory exploitation in the frog Physalaemus pustulosus. Nature, 343, 66–7.Google Scholar

Ryan, M. J., Tuttle, M. D. & Rand, A. S. (1982). Bat predation and sexual advertisement in a neotropical frog. American Naturalist, 119, 136–9.Google Scholar

Saranathan, V., Hamilton, D., Powell, G. V. N., Kroodsma, D. E. & Prum, R. O. (2007). Genetic evidence supports song learning in the three-wattled bellbird Procnias tricarunculata (Cotingidae). Molecular Ecology, doi: 10.1111/j.1365–294x.2007.03415.xGoogle Scholar

Sarkar, S. (2013). Information in animal communication: when and why does it matter? In Animal Communication Theory, ed. Stegmann, U. E., pp. 189–205. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Scherer, K. R. (1992). Vocal affect expression as symptom, symbol, and appeal. In Nonverbal Vocal Communication: Comparative and Developmental Approaches, ed. Papousek, H., Jurgens, U. & Papousek, V., pp. 43–60. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Scherer, K. R. (2013). The evolutionary origin of multimodal synchronization in emotional expression. Journal of Anthropological Sciences, 91, 185–200.Google Scholar

Scherer, K. R., Banse, R. & Wallhott, H. G. (2001). Emotion inferences from vocal expression correlate across languages and cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32, 76–92.Google Scholar

Schiestl, F. P., (2005). On the success of a swindle: pollination by deception in orchids. Naturwissenschaften, 92, 255–64.Google Scholar

Schleidt, W. M. (1973). Tonic communication: continual effects of discrete signs in animal communication systems. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 42, 359–86.Google Scholar

Schuppe, E. R., Sanin, G. D. & Fuxjager, M. J. (2016). The social context of a territorial dispute differentially influences the way individuals in breeding pairs coordinate their aggressive tactics. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 70, 673–82.Google Scholar

Schwagmeyer, P. L. & Foltz, D. W. (1990). Factors affecting the outcome of sperm competition in thirteen-lined ground squirrels. Animal Behaviour, 39, 156–62.Google Scholar

Schwartz, J. J. & Wells, K. D. (1983a). An experimental study of acoustic interference between two species of neotropical treefrogs. Animal Behaviour, 31, 181–90.Google Scholar

Schwartz, J. J. & Wells, K. D. (1983b). The influence of background noise on the behavior of a neotropical treefrog, Hyla ebraccata. Herpetologica, 39, 121–9.Google Scholar

Schwartz, J. J. & Wells, K. D. (1984a). Vocal behavior of the neotropical treefrog Hyla phlebodes. Herpetologica, 40, 452–63.Google Scholar

Schwartz, J. J. & Wells, K. D. (1984b). Interspecific acoustic interactions of the neotropical treefrog Hyla ebraccata. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 14, 211–24.Google Scholar

Schwartz, J. J. & Wells, K. D. (1985). Intra- and interspecific vocal behavior of the neotropical treefrog Hyla microcephala. Copeia, 27–38.Google Scholar

Searcy, W. A. (1992). Song repertoire and mate choice in birds. American Zoologist, 32, 71–80.Google Scholar

Searcy, W. A. & Beecher, M. D. (2011). Continued scepticism that song overlapping is a signal. Animal Behaviour, 81, e1–e4.Google Scholar

Searcy, W. A. & Nowicki, S. (2005). The Evolution of Animal Communication, Reliability and Deception in Signaling Systems. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Sebeok, T. E. (1967). Discussion of communication processes. In Social Communication among Primates, ed. Altmann, S. A., pp. 363–78. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Seeley, T. D. & Mikheyev, A. S. (2000). Dancing bees tune both duration and rate of waggle-run production in relation to nectar-source profitability. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 186, 813–19.Google Scholar

Senior, C., Phillips, M. L., Barnes, J. & David, A. S. (1999). An investigation into the perception of dominance from schematic faces: a study using the World Wide Web. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 31, 341–6.Google Scholar

Seyfarth, R. M. & Cheney, D. L. (1994). The evolution of social cognition in primates. In Behavioral Mechanisms in Evolutionary Ecology, ed. Real, L. A., pp. 371–89. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Seyfarth, R. M. & Cheney, D. L. (2010). Production, usage, and comprehension in animal vocalizations. Brain and Language, 115, 92–100.Google Scholar

Seyfarth, R. M., Cheney, D. L., Bergman, T., Fischer, J., Zuberbühler, K. & Hammerschmidt, K. (2010). The central importance of information in studies of animal communication. Animal Behaviour, 80, 3–8.Google Scholar

Seyfarth, R. M., Cheney, D. L. & Marler, P. (1980). Vervet monkey alarm calls: Semantic communication in a free-ranging primate. Animal Behaviour, 28, 1070–94.Google Scholar

Shah, S. S., Greig, E. I., MacLean, S. A. & Bonter, D. N. (2015. Risk-based alarm calling in a nonpasserine bird. Animal Behaviour, 106, 129–36.Google Scholar

Shalter, M. D. (1978). Location of passerine seet and mobbing calls by goshawks and pygmy owls. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 46, 260–7.Google Scholar

Shalter, M. D. & Schleidt, W. M. (1977). The ability of barn owls to discriminate and localize avian alarm calls. Ibis, 119, 22–7.Google Scholar

Shannon, C. E. & Weaver, W. (1949). The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar

Shapiro, J. A. (2011). Evolution: a View From the 21st Century. Upper Saddle River, NJ: FT Press Science.Google Scholar

Sherman, P. W. (1977). Nepotism and the evolution of alarm calls. Science, 197, 1246–53.Google Scholar

Sherman, P. W. (1988). Levels of analysis. Animal Behavior, 36, 616–19.Google Scholar

Shriner, W. M. (1995). Yellow-bellied marmot and golden-mantled ground squirrel responses to conspecific and heterospecific alarm calls. PhD Dissertation, University of California, Davis.Google Scholar

Shy, E. & Morton, E. S. (1986a). The role of distance, familiarity, and time of day in Carolina wrens’ responses to conspecific songs. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 19, 393–400.Google Scholar

Shy, E. & Morton, E. S. (1986b). Adaptation of amplitude structure of songs to propagation in field habitat in song sparrows. Ethology, 72, 177–84.Google Scholar

Sieber, O. J. (1984). Vocal communication in raccoons (Procyon lotor). Behaviour, 90, 80–113.Google Scholar

Silk, J. B., Cheney, D. L. & Seyfarth, R. M. (1996). The form and function of post-conflict interactions between female baboons. Animal Behaviour, 52, 259–68.Google Scholar

Simon, H. A. (1994). The bottleneck of attention: connecting thought with motivation. In Integrative Views of Motivation, Cognition, and Emotion. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 41, ed. Spaulding, W. D., pp. 1–21. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar

Slabbekoorn, H. (2013). Songs of the city: noise-dependent plasticity in the acoustic phenotype of urban birds. Animal Behaviour, 85, 1089–99.Google Scholar

Slater, P. J. B., Eales, L. A. & Clayton, N. S. (1988). Song learning in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata): Progress and prospects. In Advances in the Study of Behavior, 18, ed. Rosenblatt, J. S., Beer, C., Busnel, M.-C. & Slater, P. J. B., pp. 1–34. San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar

Smith, C. B. (1989). Risk-taking behavior in foraging juvenile herring gulls. MSc, University of Maryland, College Park.Google Scholar

Smith, S. M. (1975). Innate recognition of the coral snake pattern by a possible avian predator. Science, 187, 759–60.Google Scholar

Smith, W. J. (1963). Vocal communication of information in birds. American Naturalist, 97, 117–26.Google Scholar

Smith, W. J. (1965). Message, meaning, and context in ethology. American Naturalist, 99, 405–9.Google Scholar

Smith, W. J. (1977). The Behavior of Communicating, An Ethological Approach. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Smith, W. J. (1986a). An “informational” perspective on manipulation. In Deception, Perspectives on Human and Nonhuman Deceit, ed. Mitchell, R. W. & Thompson, N. S., pp. 71–86. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar

Smith, W. J. (1986b) Signaling behavior: Contributions of different repertoires. In Dolphin Cognition and Behavior: A Comparative Approach, ed. Schusterman, R. J., Thomas, J. A. & Wood, F. G., pp. 315–30. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar

Smith, W. J. (1991a). Singing is based on two markedly different kinds of signaling. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 152, 241–53.Google Scholar

Smith, W. J. (1991b). Animal communication and the study of cognition. In Cognitive Ethology: The Minds of Other Animals, ed. Ristau, C. A., pp. 209–30. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar

Smith, W. J. (1997). The behavior of communicating, after twenty years. In Communication. Perspectives in Ethology, 12, ed. Owings, D. H., Beecher, M. D. & Thompson, N. S., pp. 7–53. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar

Smith, W. J., Smith, S. L., DeVilla, J. G. & Oppenheimer, E. C. (1976). The jump-yip display of the black-tailed prairie dog, Cynomys ludovicianus. Animal Behaviour, 24, 609–21.Google Scholar

Smith, W. J., Smith, S. L., Oppenheimer, E. C. & DeVilla, J. G. (1977). Vocalizations of the black-tailed prairie dog, Cynomys ludovicianus. Animal Behaviour, 25, 152–64.Google Scholar

Smotherman, W. P., Bell, R. W., Hershberger, W. A. & Coover, G. D. (1978). Orientation to rat pup cues: effects of maternal experiential history. Animal Behaviour, 26, 265–73.Google Scholar

Soha, J. & Peters, S. (2015). Vocal learning in songbirds and humans: a retrospective in honor of Peter Marler. Ethology, 121, 933–45.Google Scholar

Sorjonen, J. (1983). Transmission of the two most characteristic phrases of the song of the thrush nightingale Lucinia lucinia in different environmental conditions. Ornis Scandinavia, 14, 278–88.Google Scholar

Spierings, M. J. & ten Cate, C. (2014). Zebra finches are sensitive to prosodic features of human speech. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 281, 201404080. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.0480.Google Scholar

Squire, L. R. (1994). Declarative and nondeclarative memory: multiple brain systems supporting learning and memory. In Memory Systems, ed. Schacter, D. L. & Tulving, E., pp. 203–31. Cambridge: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Stamps, J. (1995). Motor learning and the value of familiar space. American Naturalist, 146, 41–58.Google Scholar

Stanley, C. Q., Walter, M. H., Venkatramen, M. X. & Wilkinson, G. S. (2016). Insect noise avoidance in the dawn chorus of Neotropical birds. Animal Behaviour, 112, 255–65.Google Scholar

Stearns, S. C., (1992). The Evolution of Life Histories. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Steger, R. & Caldwell, R. L. (1983). Intraspecific deception by bluffing: A defense strategy of newly molted stomatopods (Arthropoda: Crustacea). Science, 221, 558–60.Google Scholar

Stegmann, U. E. (2013a). Animal Communication Theory, Information and Influence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Stegmann, U. E. (2013b). Introduction: A primer on information and influence in animal communication, In Animal Communication Theory, Information and Influence. ed. Stegmann, U. E., pp 1–39. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Steimer, T. (2002). The biology of fear- and anxiety-related behaviors. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 4, 231–49.Google Scholar

Stephens, D. W. & Krebs, J. R. (1986). Foraging Theory. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Stevenson, J. G. (1967). Reinforcing effects of chaffinch song. Animal Behaviour, 15, 427–32.Google Scholar

Stewart, K. J. & Harcourt, A. H. (1994). Gorillas’ vocalizations during rest periods: signals of impending departure? Behaviour, 130, 29–40.Google Scholar

Stoddard, M. C. (2012). Mimicry and masquerade from the avian visual perspective. Current Zoology, 58, 630–48.Google Scholar

Stokes, A. W. (1971). Parental and courtship feeding in red jungle fowl. Auk, 88, 21–9.Google Scholar

Strain, J. G. & Mumme, R. L. (1988). Effects of food supplementation, song playback, and temperature on vocal territorial behavior of Carolina wrens. Auk, 105, 11–16.Google Scholar

Stutchbury, B. J. M. & Morton, E. S. (2001). Behavioral Ecology of Tropical Birds. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar

Stutchbury, B. J., Rhymer, J. & Morton, E. S. (1994). Parentage and plumage in hooded warblers: support for female control of extrapair fertilizations. Behavioral Ecology, 5, 384–92.Google Scholar

Suboski, M. D. & Bartashunas, C. (1984). Mechanisms for social transmission of pecking preferences to neonatal chicks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 10, 182–94.Google Scholar

Sullivan, B. K. (1982). Significance of size, temperature, and call attributes to sexual selection in Bufo woodhousei australis. Journal of Herpetology, 16, 103–6.Google Scholar

Sullivan, K. A. (1984). Information exploitation by downy woodpeckers in mixed-species flocks. Behaviour, 91, 294–311.Google Scholar

Swaisgood, R. R., Rowe, M. P. & Owings, D. H. (1999). Assessment of rattlesnake dangerousness by California ground squirrels: exploitation of cues from rattling sounds. Animal Behaviour, 57, 1301–10.Google Scholar

Tamura, N. (1995). Postcopulatory mate guarding by vocalizations in the Formosan squirrel. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 36, 377–86.Google Scholar

Tanaka, Y. (1996). Sexual selection enhances population extinction in a changing environment. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 180, 197–206.Google Scholar

Tanner, W. P. & Swets, J. A. (1954). A decision-making theory of visual detection. Psychological Review, 61, 401–9.Google Scholar

Tchernichovski, O. & Wallman, J. (2008). Neurons of imitation. Nature, 451, 249–50.Google Scholar

Temeles, E. J. (1994). The role of neighbours in territorial systems: when are they “dear enemies”? Animal Behavavior, 47, 339–50.Google Scholar

Templeton, C. N., Greene, E. & Davis, K. (2005). Allometry of alarm calls: black-capped chickadees encode information about predator size. Science, 308, 1934–7.Google Scholar

ten Cate, C. (1986). Does behavior contingent stimulus movement enhance filial imprinting in Japanese quail? Developmental Psychobiology, 19, 607–14.Google Scholar

ten Cate, C. (1991). Behaviour-contingent exposure to taped song and zebra finch song learning. Animal Behaviour, 42, 857–9.Google Scholar

ten Cate, C. (1994). Perceptual mechanisms in imprinting and song learning. In Causal Mechanisms of Behavioural Development, ed. Hogan, J. A. & Bolhuis, J. J., pp. 116–46. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Thompson, N. S. (1986). Ethology and the birth of comparative teleonomy. In Relevance of Models and Theories in Ethology, ed. Campan, R. & Dayan, R., pp. 13–23, Toulouse, France: Privat, International Ethological Conference.Google Scholar

Thompson, N. S. (1997). Communication and natural design. In Communication. Perspectives in Ethology, 12, ed. Owings, D. H., Beecher, M. D. & Thompson, N. S.. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar

Thompson, N. S., Olson, C. & Dessureau, B. (1996). Babies cries – who’s listening – who’s being fooled. Social Research, 63, 763–84.Google Scholar

Thorpe, W. H. (1954). The process of song learning in the chaffinch, as studied by means of the sound spectrograph. Nature, 173, 465.Google Scholar

Thurman, T. J. & Seymoure, B. M. (2015). A bird’s eye view of two mimetic butterflies: coloration matches predator’s sensitivity. Journal of Zoology, doi:10.1111/jzo.12305.Google Scholar

Timberlake, W. & Lucas, G. A. (1989). Behavior systems and learning: From misbehavior to general principles. In Contemporary Learning Theories: Instrumental Conditioning Theory and the Impact of Biological Constraints on Learning, ed. Klein, S. B. & Mowrer, R. R., pp. 237–75. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar

Tinbergen, N. (1951). The Study of Instinct. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar

Tinbergen, N. (1952). Derived activities: Their causation, biological significance, origin and emancipation during evolution. Quarterly Review of Biology, 27, 1–32.Google Scholar

Tinbergen, N. (1953). The Herring Gull’s World; a Study of the Social Behaviour of Birds. London: Collins.Google Scholar

Tinbergen, N. (1959). Comparative studies of the behaviour of gulls (Laridae): a progress report. Behaviour, 15, 1–70.Google Scholar

Tinbergen, N. (1963). On aims and methods of ethology. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 20, 410–33.Google Scholar

Tinbergen, N. (1965). Animal Behavior. New York: Time-Life Books.Google Scholar

Toates, F. M. (1980). Animal Behaviour: A Systems Approach. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar

Tobias, J. A. & Seddon, N. (2009). Signal jamming mediates sexual conflict in a duetting bird. Current Biology, 19, 577–82.Google Scholar

Tooby, J. & Cosmides, L. (1990). The past explains the present: Emotional adaptations and the structure of ancestral environments. Ethology and Sociobiology, 11, 375–424.Google Scholar

Towers, S. (1987). Mimicry as a communicative process: Historical views and contemporary implications. Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar

Trainor, L. J. (2015). The origins of music in auditory scene analysis and the roles of evolution and culture in musical creation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 370: 20140089.Google Scholar

Trivers, R. L. (1972). Parental investment and sexual selection. In Sexual Selection and the Descent of Man, ed. Campbell, B., pp. 136–79. Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar

Trivers, R. L. (1974). Parent-offspring conflict. American Zoologist, 14, 249–64.Google Scholar

Turner, G. F. & Huntingford, F. A. (1986). A problem for game theory analysis: Assessment and intention in male mouthbrooder contests. Animal Behaviour, 34, 961–70.Google Scholar

Tyack, P. L. (1997). New directions in research on cetacean sonar. In Communication. Perspectives in Ethology, 12, ed. Owings, D. H., Beecher, M. D. & Thompson, N. S., New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar

von Uexkull, J. (1909/1985). Environment (Umwelt) and inner world of animals (English translation). In Foundations of Comparative Ethology, ed. Burghardt, G. M., pp. 222–45. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.Google Scholar

Van Kampen, H. S. & Bolhuis, J. J. (1993). Interaction between auditory and visual learning during filial imprinting. Animal Behaviour, 45, 623–5.Google Scholar

Van Roo, B. L., Ketterson, E. D. & Sharp, P. J. (2003). Testosterone and prolactin in two songbirds that differ in paternal care: the blue-headed vireo and the red-eyed vireo. Hormones and Behavior, 44,435–41.Google Scholar

Van Valen, L. (1973). Body size and numbers of plants and animals. Evolution, 27, 27–35.Google Scholar

Veldink, C. (1989). The honey-bee language controversy. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 14, 166–75.Google Scholar

Vend, F. (1977). A case of convergence in vocal signals between marmosets and birds. American Naturalist, 111, 777–82.Google Scholar

Vettin, J. & Todt, D. (2004). Laughter in conversation: features of occurrence and acoustic structure. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 28, 93–115.Google Scholar

Vieth, W., Curio, E. & Ernst, U. (1980). The adaptive significance of avian mobbing: III. Cultural transmission of enemy recognition in blackbirds: Cross-species tutoring and properties of learning. Animal Behaviour, 28, 1217–29.Google Scholar

Volman, S. F. (1993). Development of neural selectivity for birdsong during vocal learning. Journal of Neuroscience, 13, 4737–47.Google Scholar

Von Frisch, K. (1967). The Dance Language and Orientation of Bees. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Vos, D. R. (1994). Sex recognition in zebra finch males results from early experience. Behaviour, 128, 1–14.Google Scholar

Vukovic, J., Feinberg, D. R., Jones, B. C., DeBruine, L. M., Welling, L. L. M., Little, A. C. & Smith, F. G. (2008). Self-rated attractiveness predicts individual differences in women’s preferences for masculine men’s voices. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 451–6.Google Scholar

Waas, J. R. (1991). Do little blue penguins signal their intentions during aggressive interactions with strangers? Animal Behaviour, 41, 375–82.Google Scholar

Wagner, R. H. (1993). The pursuit of extra-pair copulations by female birds: a new hypothesis of colony formation. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 163, 333–6.Google Scholar

Waring, G. H. (1970). Sound communications of black-tailed, white-tailed, and Gunnison’s prairie dogs. American Midland Naturalist, 83, 167–85.Google Scholar

Waser, P. M. & Brown, C. H. (1986). Habitat acoustics and primate communication. American Journal of Primatology, 10, 135–54.Google Scholar

Waser, P. M. & Waser, M. S. (1977). Experimental studies of primate vocalization: specializations for long-distance propagation. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 43, 239–63.Google Scholar

Wasserman, F. E. (1977). Intraspecific acoustical interference in the white-throated sparrow, (Zonotrichia albicollis). Animal Behaviour, 25, 949–52.Google Scholar

Watterson, T. & Riccillo, S. C. (1983). Vocal suppression as a neonatal response to auditory stimuli. Journal of Auditory Research, 23, 205–14.Google Scholar

Weary, D. W. & Kramer, D. L. (1995). Response of eastern chipmunks to conspecific alarm calls. Animal Behaviour, 49, 81–93.Google Scholar

Weeden, J. S. & Falls, J. B. (1959). Differential responses of male ovenbirds to recorded songs of neighboring and more distant individuals. Auk, 76, 343–51.Google Scholar

Weishampel, D. B. (1981). Acoustic analyses of potential vocalizations in lambeosaurine dinosaurs (Reptilia:Ornithischia). Paleobiology, 7, 252–61.Google Scholar

Wells, P. H. & Wenner, A. (1973). Do bees have a language? Nature, 241, 171–4.Google Scholar

Wenner, A. (1967). Honeybees: do they use the distance information contained in their dance maneuver? Science, 155, 847–9.Google Scholar

West, M. J. & King, A. P. (1985). Learning by performing: An ecological theme for the study of vocal learning. In Issues in the Ecological Study of Learning. Resources for Ecological Psychology, ed. Johnston, T. D. & Pietrewicz, A. T., pp. 245–72. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar

West, M. J. & King, A. P. (1990). Mozart’s starling. American Scientist, 78, 106–14.Google Scholar

West, M. & King, A. (1996). Eco-gen-actics: a systems approach to the ontogeny of avian communication. In The Evolution and Ecology of Vocal Behavior in Birds, ed. Kroodsma, D. K. & Miller, E. H., pp. 20–38. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

West, M. J., King, A. P. & Freeberg, T. M. (1994). The nature and nurture of neo-phenotypes: A case history. In Behavioral Mechanisms in Evolutionary Ecology, ed. Real, L. A., pp. 238–57. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

West, M. J., King, A. P. & Freeberg, T. M. (1997). Building a social agenda for the study of bird song. In Social Influences on Vocal Development, ed. Snowdon, C. T. & Hausberger, M., pp. 41–56. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

West-Eberhard, M. J. (1979). Sexual selection, social competition, and evolution. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 123, 222–34.Google Scholar

Whalen, P. J. & Kleck, R. E. (2008). The shape of faces (to come). Nature Neuroscience, 11, 739–40.Google Scholar

Wheatcroft, D. (2015). Repetition rate of calls used in multiple contexts communicates presence of predators to nestlings and adult birds. Animal Behaviour, 103, 35–44.Google Scholar

Wheeler, B. C. & Fischer, J. (2012). Functionally referential signals: a promising paradigm whose time has passed. Evolutionary Anthropology, 21, 115–205.Google Scholar

Wickler, W. (1965). Mimicry and the evolution of animal communication. Nature, 208, 519–21.Google Scholar

Wickler, W. (1968). Mimicry in Plants and Animals. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar

Wiley, R. H. (1975). Multidimensional variation in an avian display: implications for social communication. Science, 190, 482–3.Google Scholar

Wiley, R. H. (1983). The evolution of communication: Information and manipulation. In Animal Behaviour, Vol. 2: Communication, ed. Halliday, T. R. & Slater, P. J. B., pp. 156–89. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.Google Scholar

Wiley, R. H. & Richards, D. G. (1978). Physical constraints on acoustic communication in the atmosphere: implications for the evolution of animal vocalizations. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 3, 69–94.Google Scholar

Wiley, R. H. & Richards, D. G. (1982). Adaptations for acoustic communication in birds: sound transmission and signal detection. In Acoustic Communication in Birds, 1, ed. Kroodsma, D. E. & Miller, E. H., pp. 131–70. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar

Williams, G. C. (1966). Adaptation and Natural Selection. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Williams, H. & Nottebohm, F. (1985). Auditory responses in avian vocal motor neurons: a motor theory for song perception in birds. Science, 229, 279–82.Google Scholar

Wilson, E. O. (1975). Sociobiology, the New Synthesis. Cambridge: Belknap.Google Scholar

Wilson, E. O. (1994). Naturalist. Washington: Island Press.Google Scholar

Wingfield, J. C. & Hahn, T. (1994). Testosterone and territorial behavior in sedentary and migratory sparrows. Animal Behaviour, 47, 77–89.Google Scholar

Wise, R. A. (1987). Sensorimotor modulation and the variable action pattern (VAP): Toward a noncircular definition of drive and motivation. Psychobiology, 15, 7–20.Google Scholar

Wolf, M., Sander van Doorn, G., Leimar, O. & Weissing, F. J. (2007). Life history trade-offs favours the evolution of animal personalities. Nature, 447, 581–4.Google Scholar

Wood, P. A., de Bie, J. & Clarke, J. A. (2014). Behavioural and physiological responses of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) to agonistic growls from conspecifics. Applied Animal Behaviour, 161, 105–12. doi:10.1371/j. applanim.2014.10.004.Google Scholar

Wynne-Edwards, V. C. (1962). Animal Dispersion in Relation to Social Behaviour. New York: Hafner.Google Scholar

Yanai, I. & Lercher, M. (2016). The Society of Genes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Young, J. Z. (1954). Memory, heredity, and information. In Evolution as a Process, ed. Huxley, J., Hardy, A. C. & Ford, E. B., pp. 281–99. London: Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar

Yu, C-H., Dang, Y., Zhou, Z., Wu, C., Zhao, F., Sachs, M. S. & Liu, Y. (2015). Codon usage influences the local rate of translation elongation to regulate co-translational protein folding. Molecular Cell, 59, 744–54.Google Scholar

Zahavi, A. (1975). Mate selection – a selection for a handicap. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 53, 205–14.Google Scholar

Zahavi, A. (1977). Reliability in communication systems and the evolution of altruism. In Evolutionary Ecology, ed. Stonehouse, B. & Perrins, C., pp. 253–60. London: MacMillan Press.Google Scholar

Zahavi, A. (1982). The pattern of vocal signals and the information they convey. Behaviour, 80, 1–8.Google Scholar

Zahavi, A. (1987). The theory of signal selection and some of its implications. In International Symposium of Biological Evolution, ed. Delfino, V. P., pp. 305–27. Bari: Adriatic Editrice.Google Scholar

Zahavi, A. (1991). On the definition of sexual selection, Fisher’s model, and the evolution of waste and of signals in general. Animal Behaviour, 42, 501–3.Google Scholar

Zajonc, R. B. (1980). Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences. American Psychologist, 35, 151–75.Google Scholar

Zann, R. (1990). Song and call learning in wild zebra finches in south-east Australia. Animal Behaviour, 40, 811–28.Google Scholar

Zentner, M., Grandjean, D. & Scherer, K. R. (2008). Emotions evoked by music: characterization, classification, and measurement. Emotion, 8, 494–521.Google Scholar

Zuk, M. (1994). Immunology and the evolution of behavior. In Behavioral Mechanisms in Evolutionary Ecology, ed. Real, L. A., pp. 354–68. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Zuk, M. & Rotenberry, J. T. (2006). Silent night: adaptive disappearance of a sexual signal in a parasitized population of field crickets. Biology Letters, 2, 521–4.Google Scholar

Book contents

References

Summary

Access options

References

Book contents

References

Summary

Access options

References

Save book to Kindle

Save book to Dropbox

Save book to Google Drive