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An Examination of the Surface and Sub-Surface of Modern and Historical Platinum Photographic Prints Using Low Vacuum High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2016

Patrick Ravines ,
Natasha Erdman  and
Rob McElroy
Patrick Ravines*
Affiliation:
Art Conservation Department, State University of New York College at Buffalo, 1300 Elmwood Avenue, Rockwell Hall 230, Buffalo, NY 14222, USA
Natasha Erdman
Affiliation:
JEOL USA Inc., Peabody, MA 01960, USA
Rob McElroy
Affiliation:
Archive Studio, 347 Franklin Street, Buffalo, NY 14202, USA
*
*Corresponding author. ravinepc@buffalostate.edu
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Abstract

Photographic prints of platinum metal on paper supports are some of the most exquisite and expressive in the world of fine art photography. Platinum prints were produced from about 1890 to 1920 in the USA and Europe. The chemical and material nature of these valuable prints is of great interest to many who are interested in their long-term preservation, in the intersection of science and art, and in the scientific and technical study of cultural heritage. This paper presents the results of a characterization study using newer electron microscopy techniques. In this study, a low vacuum high-resolution scanning electron microscope was used to study the surface and sub-surface of historic and modern platinum and/or palladium print samples. Using environmental SEM pressures allowed us to investigate the actual top surface and sub-surface with cross-sections without any preparation; no coatings of carbon or other material. Cross-sections were prepared using an argon plasma cross-polishing system. This study shows that the photographic image of platinum prints is composed of platinum nanoparticles embedded in the upper layers of the paper’s cellulosic fibers.

Keywords

Platinum/palladium photographic printsimage nanoparticleslow vacuum scanning electron microscopeargon plasma cross-polisher
Type
Materials Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 22 , Issue 4 , August 2016 , pp. 857 - 864
Copyright
© Microscopy Society of America 2016 

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