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Rapid spread of the new clone of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor in cholera endemic areas in India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 October 1998

P. K. BAG ,
S. MAITI ,
C. SHARMA ,
A. GHOSH ,
A. BASU ,
R. MITRA ,
S. K. BHATTACHARYA ,
S. NAKAMURA ,
S. YAMASAKI  and
Y. TAKEDA
...Show all authors
P. K. BAG
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Calcutta
S. MAITI
Affiliation:
Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
C. SHARMA
Affiliation:
Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
A. GHOSH
Affiliation:
Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
A. BASU
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Calcutta
R. MITRA
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Calcutta
S. K. BHATTACHARYA
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Calcutta
S. NAKAMURA
Affiliation:
Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162, Japan
S. YAMASAKI
Affiliation:
Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162, Japan
Y. TAKEDA
Affiliation:
Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162, Japan
G. BALAKRISH NAIR
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Calcutta
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Abstract

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Using molecular techniques, we investigated whether the clone of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor which appeared in Calcutta, India, in 1994 has spread to other cholera endemic areas in the country. The ribotype of 31 of the 33 strains isolated from different parts of India during 1996 and 1997 was identical to the ribotype displayed by the new clone of V. cholerae O1 which emerged in Calcutta in 1994. Likewise, 12 of the 15 strains examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed identical profile to that exhibited by the new clone of O1. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of CTX genetic element of these strains also matched with the new clone of O1 which emerged after the outbreak of V. cholerae O139 in Calcutta. However, two strains (AH042 and AH046) isolated from an outbreak in Ahmedabad (western India) showed different CTX RFLP but had the same ribotype and PFGE profile as the new clone, whereas one strain from Goa (G2) showed distinct ribotype and PFGE profile and the CTX RFLP was identical to the O1 strains which prevailed before the genesis of O139 in Calcutta. The drug resistance pattern of most of the O1 strains examined in this study, except strain G2, was similar to that of the new clone of V. cholerae O1. None of the strains in this study carried plasmids. Molecular studies clearly show that the new expanded drug resistant clone of V. cholerae O1 has spread to all cholera endemic areas in India and also provide evidence for the evolution of new clones of the O1 serogroup.

Type
Research Article
Information
Epidemiology & Infection , Volume 121 , Issue 2 , October 1998 , pp. 245 - 251
Copyright
© 1998 Cambridge University Press