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Interface-resolved simulations of small inertial particles in turbulent channel flow – CORRIGENDUM

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 March 2020

Pedro Costa*
Affiliation:
Linné FLOW Centre and SeRC (Swedish e-Science Research Centre), KTH Royal Institute of Technology – Department of Engineering Mechanics, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Iceland, Hjardarhagi 2-6, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
Luca Brandt
Affiliation:
Linné FLOW Centre and SeRC (Swedish e-Science Research Centre), KTH Royal Institute of Technology – Department of Engineering Mechanics, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
Francesco Picano
Affiliation:
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
*
Email address for correspondence: p.simoes.costa@gmail.com

Abstract

Type
Corrigendum
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020

Equation (2.10) in Costa, Brandt & Picano (Reference Costa, Brandt and Picano2020) for the lift force model used in the point-particle direct numerical simulations (DNS), and which is derived from the classical lift force of Saffman (Reference Saffman1965),

(1)$$\begin{eqnarray}\boldsymbol{F}_{l}=1.615J\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}D|\boldsymbol{U}_{s}|\sqrt{\frac{D^{2}|\unicode[STIX]{x1D74E}|}{\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}}}\frac{\unicode[STIX]{x1D74E}\times \boldsymbol{U}_{s}}{|\unicode[STIX]{x1D74E}|\,|\boldsymbol{U}_{s}|},\end{eqnarray}$$

does not correspond to the force model actually used in the point-particle DNS with lift force presented in the manuscript. Instead, the following equation was used:

(2)$$\begin{eqnarray}\boldsymbol{F}_{l}=1.615J\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}|\unicode[STIX]{x1D74E}|D^{2}\sqrt{\frac{D^{2}|\unicode[STIX]{x1D74E}|}{\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}}}\frac{\unicode[STIX]{x1D74E}\times \boldsymbol{U}_{s}}{|\unicode[STIX]{x1D74E}|\,|\boldsymbol{U}_{s}|},\end{eqnarray}$$

which replaces the first occurrence of the term $|\boldsymbol{U}_{s}|$ on the right-hand-side of (1) with $|\unicode[STIX]{x1D74E}|D$. We recall that two cases were considered in the manuscript depending on the value of $J$ in the lift force equation: $J=1$ in the case denoted PP-Saffman; and $J$ given by

(3)$$\begin{eqnarray}J=0.3\left(1+\tanh \left[{\textstyle \frac{5}{2}}\left(\log _{10}\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}+0.191\right)\right]\right)\left({\textstyle \frac{2}{3}}+\tanh (6\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}-1.92)\right),\end{eqnarray}$$

with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}=\sqrt{|\unicode[STIX]{x1D74E}|\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}}/|\boldsymbol{U}_{s}|$, in the case denoted PP-McLaughlin.

Also, equation (2.13) of the manuscript – describing the perfectly elastic hard-sphere rebound – is incorrect; the term $D/2$ should be $D$:

(4)$$\begin{eqnarray}Y=V\unicode[STIX]{x0394}t_{s}-(Y_{in}-D).\end{eqnarray}$$

Despite the lapse in the manuscript, equation (4) was implemented correctly (Costa et al. Reference Costa, Brandt and Picano2020).

The results from the point-particle DNS with the model reported in (2.10) of Costa et al. (Reference Costa, Brandt and Picano2020) ((1) above) differ from those reported in the manuscript, and are shown in figure 1 (cf. figures 7 and 8 of Costa et al. (Reference Costa, Brandt and Picano2020)). The statistics presented here have been collected in the fully developed state from 600 samples over a time interval of $250h/U_{b}$, which ensured statistical convergence of the results. The results from the point-particle cases presented in the original manuscript are also reproduced here with this (higher) statistical sampling, and show very minor differences with respect to figures 7 and 8 of Costa et al. (Reference Costa, Brandt and Picano2020).

Figure 1. Same as figure 7 (panels a and b) and figure 8 (panels c to e) of Costa et al. (Reference Costa, Brandt and Picano2020), where (1) is correctly used for the point-particle DNS with lift force models. As indicated in the legend, the grey lines correspond to the data shown in the paper, where (2) is used to compute the lift force, and the green and red lines correspond to the results when (1) is used instead.

In light of these results, the conclusions drawn from the results in the last section of § 3 of the manuscript must be therefore reformulated:

  1. (i) The Saffman lift model does not correctly predict the near-wall statistics of the interface-resolved DNS very close to the wall, including the near-wall concentration peak.

  2. (ii) The equation proposed by Mei (Reference Mei1992) that fits the model of McLaughlin (Reference McLaughlin1991) shows results similar to those reported in the original manuscript for this model. That is, it predicts well the near-wall concentration peak, and fails to predict the other observables near the wall.

  3. (iii) Equation (2) for $\boldsymbol{F}_{l}$ presented above, with $J=1$, predicts very well all the observables in figure 1.

We have therefore accidentally discovered that the expression (2) for $\boldsymbol{F}_{l}$ predicts the observed particle statistics very well. Still, the reason for the strikingly good agreement remains elusive to us. We hope that this result can be further exploited for the improvement lift force models for point-particle simulations of wall-bounded turbulent flows.

Acknowledgement

We kindly thank Z. Cui from Tsinghua University for the feedback that led to the discovery of this issue.

References

Costa, P., Brandt, L. & Picano, F. 2020 Interface-resolved simulations of small inertial particles in turbulent channel flow. J. Fluid Mech. 883, A54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLaughlin, J. B. 1991 Inertial migration of a small sphere in linear shear flows. J. Fluid Mech. 224, 261274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mei, R. 1992 An approximate expression for the shear lift force on a spherical particle at finite Reynolds number. Intl J. Multiphase Flow 18 (1), 145147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saffman, P. G. T. 1965 The lift on a small sphere in a slow shear flow. J. Fluid Mech. 22 (2), 385400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Figure 0

Figure 1. Same as figure 7 (panels a and b) and figure 8 (panels c to e) of Costa et al. (2020), where (1) is correctly used for the point-particle DNS with lift force models. As indicated in the legend, the grey lines correspond to the data shown in the paper, where (2) is used to compute the lift force, and the green and red lines correspond to the results when (1) is used instead.