Aaroe, Lene. 2012. When Citizens Go against Elite Directions: Partisan Cues and Contrast Effects on Citizens’ Attitudes. Party Politics 18(2): 215–233.Google Scholar

Abromowitz, Alan I. 2010. The Disappearing Center: Engaged Citizens, Polarization, and American Democracy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

ABS-CBN News. 2018. Duterte Says UN Useless, Tells Suu Kyi to Ignore Human Rights Critics. January 26, 2018. Internet: https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/01/26/18/duterte-says-un-useless-tells-suu-kyi-to-ignore-human-rights-critics (last accessed July 5, 2022).Google Scholar

Achen, Christopher H., and Bartels, Larry M.. 2016. Democracy for Realists: Why Elections Do Not Produce Responsive Government. Princeton, NY: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Adler, Emanuel, and Drieschova, Alena. 2021. The Epistemological Challenge of Truth Subversion to the Liberal International Order. International Organization 75(2): 359–386.Google Scholar

Adler-Nissen, Rebecca, and Zarakol, Ayse. 2021. Struggles for Recognition: The Liberal International Order and the Merger of Its Discontents. International Organization 75 (2): 611–634.Google Scholar

Agné, Hans. 2018. Legitimacy in Global Governance Research: How Normative or Sociological Should It Be? In Legitimacy in Global Governance, edited by Tallberg, Jonas, Bäckstrand, Karin, and Scholte, Jan Aart, 20–36. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Agné, Hans, Dellmuth, Lisa, and Tallberg, Jonas. 2015. Does Stakeholder Involvement Foster Democratic Legitimacy in International Organizations? An Empirical Assessment of a Normative Theory. Review of International Organizations 10(4): 465–488.Google Scholar

Aldrich, John H., Sullivan, John L., and Borgida, Eugene. 1989. Foreign Affairs and Issue Voting: Do Presidential Candidates “Walz Before A Blind Audience”? American Political Science Review 83(1): 123–141.Google Scholar

Aldrich, John H., Gelpi, Christopher, Feaver, Peter, Reifler, Jason, and Thompson Sharp, Kristin. 2006. Foreign Policy and the Electoral Connection. Annual Review of Political Science 9(1): 477–502.Google Scholar

Anderson, Christopher J., and Reichert, Michael S.. 1995. Economic Benefits and Support for Membership in the EU: A Cross-National Analysis. Journal of Public Policy 15(3): 231–249.Google Scholar

Anderson, Christopher J., Blais, André, Bowler, Shaun, Donovan, Todd, and Listhaug, Ola. 2005. Losers’ Consent: Elections and Democratic Legitimacy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Anderson, Brilé, Bernauer, Thomas, and Kachi, Aya. 2019. Does International Pooling of Authority Affect the Perceived Legitimacy of Global Governance? Review of International Organizations 14(4): 661–683.Google Scholar

Ansolabehere, Stephen, and Rivers, Douglas. 2013. Cooperative Survey Research. Annual Review of Political Science 16(1): 307–329.Google Scholar

Ansolabehere, Stephen, and Schaffner, Brian F.. 2014. Does Survey Mode Still Matter? Findings from a 2010 Multi-Mode Comparison. Political Analysis 22(3): 285–303.Google Scholar

Anstead, Nick, and O’Loughlin, Ben. 2015. Social Media Analysis and Public Opinion: The 2010 UK General Election. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 20(2): 204–220.Google Scholar

Archibugi, Daniele, Koenig-Archibugi, Mathias, and Marchetti, Raffaele, eds. 2012. Global Democracy: Normative and Empirical Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Armingeon, Klaus, and Ceka, Besir. 2014. The Loss of Trust in the European Union during the Great Recession since 2007: The Role of Heuristics from the National Political System. European Union Politics 15(1): 82–107.Google Scholar

Arnold, Christian, and Rittberger, Berthold. 2013. The Legalization of Dispute Resolution in Mercosur. Journal of Politics in Latin America 5(3): 97–132.Google Scholar

Bäckstrand, Karin, and Söderbaum, Fredrik. 2018. Legitimation and Delegitimation in Global Governance: Discursive, Institutional, and Behavioral Practices. In Legitimacy in Global Governance: Sources, Processes, and Consequences, edited by Tallberg, Jonas, Bäckstrand, Karin, and Scholte, Jan Aart, 101–118. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Bakaki, Zorzeta, and Bernauer, Thomas. 2017. Do Global Climate Summits Influence Public Awareness and Policy Preferences Concerning Climate Change? Environmental Politics 26(1): 1–26.Google Scholar

Banchoff, Thomas, and Smith, Mitchell. 1999. Legitimacy and the European Union: The Contested Polity. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Bansak, Kirk, Hainmueller, Jens, Hopkins, Daniel J., and Yamamoto, Teppei. 2018. The Number of Choice Tasks and Survey Satisficing in Conjoint Experiments. Political Analysis 26(1): 112–119.Google Scholar

Barker, Rodney. 2001. Legitimating Identities. The Self-Presentation of Rulers and Subjects. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Barnett, Michael N. 1997. Bringing in the New World Order: Liberalism, Legitimacy, and the United Nations. World Politics 49(4): 526–551.Google Scholar

Barnett, Michael, and Duvall, Raymond. 2005. Power in International Politics.International Organization 59(1): 39–75.Google Scholar

Barnett, Michael, and Finnemore, Martha. 2004. Rules for the World: International Organizations in Global Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Baum, Matthew A., and Groeling, Tim. 2009. Shot by the Messenger: Partisan Cues and Public Opinion Regarding National Security and War. Political Behavior 31(2): 157–186.Google Scholar

Baumeister, Roy F., Bratslavsky, Ellen, Finkenauer, Catrin, and Vohs, Kathleen D.. 2001. Bad Is Stronger Than Good. Review of General Psychology 5(4): 323–370.Google Scholar

Bearce, David H., and Jolliff Scott, Brandy J.. 2019. Popular Non-support for International Organizations: How Extensive and What Does This Represent? Review of International Organizations 14(2): 187–216.Google Scholar

Bechtel, Michael M., and Scheve, Kenneth F.. 2013. Mass Support for Global Climate Agreements Depends on Institutional Design. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 110(34): 13763–13768.Google Scholar

Bechtel, Michael, Jens, Hainmueller, Hangartner, Dominik, and Marc, Helbling 2015. Reality Bites: The Limits of Framing Effects for Salient and Contested Policy Issues. Political Science Research and Methods 3(3): 683–695.Google Scholar

Beetham, David. 1991. The Legitimation of Power. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press International.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Berinsky, Adam J. 2009. In Time of War: Understanding American Public Opinion from World War II to Iraq. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Berinsky, Adam J., Huber, Gregory A., and Lenz, Gabriel S.. 2012. Evaluating Online Labor Markets for Experimental Research: Amazon.com’s Mechanical Turk. Political Analysis 20(3): 351–368.Google Scholar

Bernauer, Thomas, and Gampfer, Robert. 2013. Effects of Civil Society Involvement on Popular Legitimacy of Global Environmental Governance. Global Environmental Change 23(2): 439–449.Google Scholar

Bernauer, Thomas, Mohrenberg, Steffen, and Koubi, Vally. 2020. Do Citizens Evaluate International Cooperation Based on Information about Procedural and Outcome Quality? Review of International Organizations 15(2): 505–529.Google Scholar

Bernstein, Steven. 2005. Legitimacy in Global Environmental Governance. International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 1(1): 139–166.Google Scholar

Bernstein, Steven. 2011. Legitimacy in Intergovernmental and Non-state Global Governance. Review of International Political Economy 18(1): 17–51.Google Scholar

Bes, Bart Joachim, Sommerer, Thomas, and Agné, Hans. 2019. On Legitimacy Crises and the Resources of Global Governance Institutions: A Surprisingly Weak Relationship? Global Policy 10(3): 313–326.Google Scholar

Best, Heinrich, Lengyel, György, and Verzichelli, Luca, eds. 2012. The Europe of Elites: A Study into the Europeanness of Europe’s Political and Economic Elites. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Bexell, Magdalena, and Jönsson, Kristina. 2018. Audiences of (De)legitimation in Global Governance. In Legitimacy in Global Governance, edited by Tallberg, Jonas, Bäckstrand, Karin, and Scholte, Jan Aart, 119–133. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Bexell, Magdalena, Jönsson, Kristina, and Stappert, Nora. 2021. Whose Legitimacy Beliefs Count? Targeted Audiences in Global Governance Legitimation Processes. Journal of International Relations and Development 24:482–508.Google Scholar

Bexell, Magdalena, Jönsson, Kristina, and Uhlin, Anders, eds. 2022. Legitimation and Delegitimation in Global Governance: Practices, Justifications, and Audiences. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Beyeler, Michelle, and Kriesi, Hanspeter. 2005. Transnational Protest and the Public Sphere. Mobilization 10(1): 95–110.Google Scholar

Biegón, Dominika, and Gronau, Jennifer. 2012. Die Legitimationsbemühungen internationaler Institutionen. Leviathan Sonderband 27: 171–189.Google Scholar

Binder, Martin, and Heupel, Monica. 2015. The Legitimacy of the UN Security Council: Evidence from Recent General Assembly Debates. International Studies Quarterly 59(2): 238–250.Google Scholar

Bisgaard, Martin, and Slothuus, Rune. 2018. Partisan Elites as Culprits: How Party Cues Shape Partisan Perceptual Gaps. American Journal of Political Science 62(2): 456–469.Google Scholar

Bloom, Howard S., and Price, H. Douglas. 1975. Voter Response to Short-Run Economic Conditions: The Asymmetric Effect of Prosperity and Recession. American Political Science Review 69(4): 1240–1254.Google Scholar

Bobbio, Norberto. 1996. Left and Right: The Significance of a Political Distinction. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar

Bodansky, Daniel M. 1999. The Legitimacy of International Governance: A Coming Challenge for International Environmental Law? American Journal of International Law 93(3): 596–624.Google Scholar

Booth, John A., and Seligson, Mitchell A.. 2009. The Legitimacy Puzzle in Latin America: Political Support and Democracy in Eight Nations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

von Borzyskowski, Inken, and Vabulas, Felicity. 2019. Hello, Goodbye: When Do States Withdraw from International Organizations? Review of International Organizations 14(2): 335–336.Google Scholar

Bow, Brian. 2015. Legitimacy and Regional Integration: The North American Experience in Comparative Perspective. In The Legitimacy of Regional Integration in Europe and the Americas, edited by Hurrelmann, Achim and Schneider, Steffen, 33–56. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Broockman, David E., and Butler, Daniel M.. 2017. The Causal Effects of Elite Position-Taking on Voter Attitudes: Field Experiments with Elite Communication. American Journal of Political Science 61(1): 208–221.Google Scholar

Brooks, Stephen G., and Wohlworth, William C.. 2015/2016. The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers in the Twenty-First Century: China’s Rise and the Fate of America’s Global Position. International Security 40(3): 7–53.Google Scholar

Brutger, Ryan, and Clark, Richard. 2022. At What Cost? Power, Payments, and Public Support of International Organizations. Review of International Organizations. Forthcoming.Google Scholar

Buchanan, Allen, and Keohane, Robert. 2006. The Legitimacy of Global Governance Institutions. Ethics & International Affairs 20(4): 405–437.Google Scholar

Bühlmann, Marc, and Kunz, Ruth. 2011. Confidence in the Judiciary: Comparing the Independence and Legitimacy of Judicial Systems. West European Politics 34(2): 317–345.Google Scholar

Bullock, John. G. 2011. Elite Influence on Public Opinion in an Informed Electorate. American Political Science Review 105(3): 496–515.Google Scholar

Busby, Ethan, Flynn, D. J., and Druckman, James N.. 2018. Studying Framing Effects on Political Preferences. In Doing News Framing Analysis II, edited by D’Angelo, P., 27–50. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Caldeira, Gregory A. 1986. Neither the Purse Nor the Sword: Dynamics of Public Confidence in the Supreme Court. American Political Science Review 80(4): 1209–1226.Google Scholar

Caldeira, Gregory A., and Gibson, James L.. 1992. The Etiology of Public Support for the Supreme Court. American Journal of Political Science 36(3): 635–664.Google Scholar

Caldeira, Gregory A., and Gibson, James L.. 1995. The Legitimacy of the Court of Justice in the European Union: Models of Institutional Support. American Political Science Review 89(2): 356–376.Google Scholar

Campbell, Angus, Converse, Philip. E., Miller, Warren. E., and Stokes, Donald. E.. 1960. The American Voter. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar

Carey, Sean. 2002. Undivided Loyalties. Is National Identity an Obstacle to European Integration? European Union Politics 3(4): 387–413.Google Scholar

Carmines, Edward G., and D'Amico, Nicholas J.. 2015. Heuristic Decision Making. In Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences, edited by Scott, Robert A. and Kosslyn, Stephen M.. Hoboken, NY: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar

Carmines, Edward G., and Kuklinski, James H. 1990. Incentives, Opportunities, and the Logic of Public Opinion in American Political Representation. In Information and Democratic Processes, edited by Ferejohn, John A. and Kuklinski, James H., 240–268. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar

Cavari, Amnon, and Freedman, Guy. 2019. Partisan Cues and Opinion Formation on Foreign Policy. American Politics Research 47(1): 29–57.Google Scholar

Chalmers, Adam W., and Dellmuth, Lisa. 2015. Fiscal Redistribution and Public Support for European Integration. European Union Politics 16(3): 386–407.Google Scholar

Chan, Gabriel, Carlo Carraro, Ottmar Edenhofer, Kolstad, Charles, and Stavins, Robert. 2016. Reforming the IPCC’s Assessment of Climate Change Economics. Climate Change Economics 7(1): 1640001.Google Scholar

Chapman, Terrence L. 2009. Audience Beliefs and International Organization Legitimacy. International Organization 63(4): 733–764.Google Scholar

Chapman, Terrence L., and Chaudoin, Stephen. 2020. Public Reactions to International Legal Institutions: The International Criminal Court in a Developing Democracy. Journal of Politics 82(4)Google Scholar

Chaudoin, Stephen. 2014. Promises or Policies? An Experimental Analysis of International Agreements and Audience Reactions. International Organization 68(1): 235–256.Google Scholar

Chong, Dennis, and Druckman, James N.. 2007a. Framing Theory. Annual Review of Political Science 10(1): 103–126.Google Scholar

Chong, Dennis, and Druckman, James N.. 2007b. A Theory of Opinion Formation in Competitive Elite Environments. Journal of Communication 57(1): 99–118.Google Scholar

Chong, Dennis, and Druckman, James N.. 2010. Dynamic Public Opinion: Communication Effects over Time. American Political Science Review 104(4): 663–680.Google Scholar

Christiano, Thomas. 2010. Democratic Legitimacy and International Institutions. In The Philosophy of International Law, edited by Besson, Samantha and Tasioulas, John, 119–137. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Claassen, Ryan L., and Highton, Benjamin. 2009. Policy Polarization among Party Elites and the Significance of Political Awareness in the Mass Public. Political Research Quarterly 62(3): 538–551.Google Scholar

Clarke, Kamari, Knottnerus, Abel S., and de Volder, Eefje. 2016. Africa and the ICC. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Cohen, Cathy J., and Luttig, Matthew D.. 2020. Reconceptualizing Political Knowledge: Race, Ethnicity, and Carceral Violence. Perspectives on Politics 18(3): 805–818.Google Scholar

Colantone, Italo, and Stanig, Piero. 2019. The Rise of Economic Nationalism in Western Europe. Journal of Economic Perspectives 33(4): 128–151.Google Scholar

Converse, Philip E. 1964. The Nature of Belief Systems in the Mass Public. In Ideology and Discontent, edited by Apter, David E., 206–261. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar

Copelovitch, Mark, and Pevehouse, Jon C. W.. 2019. International Organizations in a New Era of Populist Nationalism. Review of International Organizations 14: 169–186.Google Scholar

Copelovitch, Mark, and Pevehouse, Jon C. W.. 2019. International Organizations in a New Era of Populist Nationalism. Review of International Organizations 14(2): 169–186.Google Scholar

Cox, Robert W., and Jacobson, Harold K.. 1973. The Anatomy of Influence: Decision Making in International Organizations. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Curtis, K. Amber, Jupille, Joseph, and Leblang, David. 2014. Iceland on the Rocks: The Mass Political Economy of Sovereign Debt Resettlement. International Organization 68(3): 721–740.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dahl, Robert A. 1999. Can International Organizations Be Democratic? A Skeptic's View. In Democracy's Edges, edited by Shapiro, Ian and Hacker-Cordon, Casiano, 19–36. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Dahl, Robert A., and Lindblom, Charles. 1992. Politics, Markets, and Welfare. 2nd ed. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Press.Google Scholar

Dalton, Russel J. 2008. The Quantity and the Quality of Party Systems: Party System Polarization, Its Measurement, and Its Consequences. Comparative Political Studies 41(7): 899–920.Google Scholar

Dancey, Logan, and Sheagley, Geoffrey. 2013. Heuristics Behaving Badly: Party Cues and Voter Knowledge. American Journal of Political Science 57(2): 312–325.Google Scholar

Danielian, Lucig H., and Page, Benjamin I.. 1994. The Heavenly Chorus: Interest Group Voices on TV News. American Journal of Political Science 38(4): 1056–1078.Google Scholar

De Cremer, David, and Tyler, Tom R.. 2007. The Effects of Trust and Procedural Fairness on Cooperation. Journal of Applied Psychology 92(3): 639–649.Google Scholar

Della Porta, Donatella, and Tarrow, Sidney G.. 2005. Transnational Protest and Global Activism. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar

Delli, Carpini, Michael X., and Keeter, Scott. 1996. What Americans Know about Politics and Why It Matters. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Dellmuth, Lisa. 2016. The Knowledge Gap in World Politics: Assessing the Sources of Citizen Awareness of the United Nations Security Council. Review of International Studies 42(2): 673–700.Google Scholar

Dellmuth, Lisa. 2018. Individual Sources of Legitimacy Beliefs: Theory and Data. In Legitimacy in Global Governance: Sources, Processes, and Consequences, edited by Tallberg, Jonas, Bäckstrand, Karin, and Scholte, Jan Aart, 37–55. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Dellmuth, Lisa, and Chalmers, Adam W.. 2018. All Spending Is Not Equal: European Union Public Spending, Policy Feedback and Citizens’ Support for the EU. European Journal of Political Research 57(1): 3–23.Google Scholar

Dellmuth, Lisa, and Schlipphak, Bernd. 2020. Legitimacy Beliefs towards Global Governance Institutions: A Research Agenda. Journal of European Public Policy 27(6): 931–943.Google Scholar

Dellmuth, Lisa, and Tallberg, Jonas. 2015. The Social Legitimacy of International Organisations: Interest Representation, Institutional Performance, and Confidence Extrapolation in the United Nations. Review of International Studies 41(3): 451–475.Google Scholar

Dellmuth, Lisa, Scholte, Jan Aart, and Tallberg, Jonas. 2019. Institutional Sources of Legitimacy for International Organisations: Beyond Procedure versus Performance. Review of International Studies 45(4): 627–646.Google Scholar

Dellmuth, Lisa, and Tallberg, Jonas. 2020. Why National and International Legitimacy Beliefs Are Linked: Social Trust as an Antecedent Factor. Review of International Organizations 15(2): 311–337.Google Scholar

Dellmuth, Lisa, and Tallberg, Jonas. 2021. Elite Communication and the Popular Legitimacy of International Organizations. British Journal of Political Science 51(3): 1292–1313.Google Scholar

Dellmuth, Lisa, Scholte, Jan Aart, Tallberg, Jonas, and Verhaegen, Soetkin. 2022a. The Elite-Citizen Gap in International Organization Legitimacy. American Political Science Review 116(1): 283–300.Google Scholar

Dellmuth, Lisa, Scholte, Jan Aart, Tallberg, Jonas, and Verhaegen, Soetkin. 2022b. Citizens, Elites, and the Legitimacy of Global Governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

De Vries, Catherine E. 2018. Euroscepticism and the Future of European Integration. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

De Vries, Catherine E., and Edwards, Erica E.. 2009. Taking Europe to Its Extremes: Extremist Parties and Public Euroscepticism. Party Politics 15(1): 5–28.Google Scholar

De Vries, Catherine E., and Hobolt, Sara B.. 2020. Political Entrepreneurs: The Rise of Challenger Parties in Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

De Vries, Catherine E., Hobolt, Sara B., and Walter, Stefanie. 2021. Politicizing International Cooperation: The Mass Public, Political Entrepreneurs, and Political Opportunity Structures. International Organization 75 (2): 306–332.Google Scholar

De Wilde, Pieter, and Zürn, Michael. 2012. Can the Politicization of European Integration Be Reversed? Journal of Common Market Studies 50(S1): 137–153.Google Scholar

De Wilde, P. and Zürn, M. 2012. Can the Politicization of European Integration Be Reversed? JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 50: 137–153.Google Scholar

Dewey, John. 1927. The Public and Its Problems. New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company.Google Scholar

Dingwerth, Klaus. 2014. Global Democracy and the Democratic Minimum: Why a Procedural Account Alone Is Insufficient. European Journal of International Relations 20(4): 1124–1147.Google Scholar

Dingwerth, Klaus, Witt, Antonia, Lehmann, Ina, Reichel, Ellen, and Weise, Tobias. 2019. International Organizations under Pressure: Legitimating Global Governance in Challenging Times. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dingwerth, Klaus, Schmidtke, Henning, and Weise, Tobias. 2020. The Rise of Democratic Legitimation: Why International Organizations Speak the Language of Democracy. European Journal of International Relations 26(3): 714–741.Google Scholar

Dohertly, David, and Wolak, Jennifer. 2012. When Do the Ends Justify the Means? Evaluating Procedural Fairness. Political Behavior 34(2): 301–323.Google Scholar

Dolan, Kathleen. 2011. Do Women and Men Know Different Things? Measuring Gender Differences in Political Knowledge. Journal of Politics 73(1): 97–107.Google Scholar

Dowling, John, and Pfeffer, Jeffrey. 1975. Organizational Legitimacy: Social Values and Organizational Behavior. The Pacific Sociological Review 18(1): 122–136.Google Scholar

Downs, Anthony. 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York, NY: Harper.Google Scholar

Drieskens, Edith, and Reykers, Yf. 2017. The Principal-Agent Model and Inter-organizational Relations. In Palgrave Handbook of Inter-Organizational Relations in World Politics, edited by Biermann, Rafael and Koops, Joachim A., 271–288. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Druckman, James N. 2001. On the Limits of Framing Effects: Who Can Frame? Journal of Politics 63(4): 1041–1066.Google Scholar

Druckman, James N. 2004. Political Preference Formation: Competition, Deliberation, and the (Ir)relevance of Framing Effects. American Political Science Review 98(4): 671–686.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Druckman, James N., and Leeper, Thomas J.. 2012. Learning More from Political Communication Experiments: Pretreatment and Its Effects. American Journal of Political Science 56(4): 875–896.Google Scholar

Druckman, James N., and Nelson, Kjersten R.. 2003. Framing and Deliberation: How Citizen Conversation Limits Elite Influence. American Journal of Political Science 47(4): 729–745.Google Scholar

Druckman, James N., Hennessy, Cari Lynn, Charles, Kristi St, and Webber, Jonathan. 2010. Competing Rhetoric over Time: Frames versus Cues. Journal of Politics 72(1): 136–148.Google Scholar

Druckman, James N., Peterson, Erik, and Slothuus, Rune. 2013. How Elite Partisan Polarization Affects Public Opinion Formation. American Political Science Review 107(1): 57–79.Google Scholar

Dür, Andreas, Marshall, David, and Bernhagen, Patrick. 2019. The Political Influence of Business in the European Union. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar

Dür, Andreas, and Schlipphak, Bernd. 2021. Elite Cuing and Attitudes towards Trade Agreements: The Case of TTIP. European Political Science Review 13(1): 41–57.Google Scholar

Easton, David. 1965. A Systems Analysis of Political Life. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar

Easton, David. 1975. A Re-assessment of the Concept of Political Support. British Journal of Political Science 5(4): 435–457.Google Scholar

Ecker-Ehrhardt, Matthias. 2016. Why Do Citizens Want the UN to Decide? Cosmopolitan Ideas, Particularism and Global Authority. International Political Science Review 37(1): 99–114.Google Scholar

Ecker-Ehrhardt, Matthias. 2018. Self-legitimation in the Face of Politicization: Why International Organizations Centralized Public Communication. Review of International Organizations 13(4): 519–546.Google Scholar

Edwards, Martin S. 2009. Public Support for the International Economic Organizations: Evidence from Developing Countries. Review of International Organizations 4(2): 185–209.Google Scholar

Esaiasson, Peter, Gilljam, Mikael, and Persson, Mikael. 2012. Which Decision-Making Arrangements Generate the Strongest Legitimacy Beliefs? Evidence from a Randomised Field Experiment. European Journal of Political Research 51(6): 785–808.Google Scholar

Esaiasson, Peter, Persson, Mikael, Gilljam, Mikael, and Lindholm, Torun. 2019. Reconsidering the Role of Procedures for Decision Acceptance. British Journal of Political Science 49(1): 291–314.Google Scholar

Evans, Jonathan. 2008. Dual-Processing Accounts of Reasoning, Judgment, and Social Cognition. Annual Review of Psychology 59(1): 255–278.Google Scholar

EVS. 2021. EVS Trend File 1981–2017. GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA7503 Data file Version 2.0.0. DOI: 10.4232/1.13736Google Scholar

Finnemore, Martha. 1993. International Organizations as Teachers of Norms: The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization and Science Policy. International Organization 47(4): 565–597.Google Scholar

Fischer, Frank. 1989. Technocracy and the Politics of Expertise. London: Sage.Google Scholar

Fiske, John. 2011. Introduction to Communication Studies. 3rd ed. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Fiske, Susan T., and Taylor, Shelley E.. 2017. Social Cognition: From Brains to Culture. 3rd ed. London: Sage.Google Scholar

Foster, Chase, and Frieden, Jeffry. 2017. Crisis of Trust: Socio-Economic Determinants of Europeans’ Confidence in Government. European Union Politics 18(4): 511–535.Google Scholar

Franck, Thomas M. 1990. The Power of Legitimacy among Nations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Gabel, Matthew J. 1998. Economic Integration and Mass Politics: Market Liberalization and Public Attitudes in the European Union. American Journal of Political Science 42(3): 936–953.Google Scholar

Gabel, Matthew, and Scheve, Kenneth F.. 2007. Estimating the Effect of Elite Communication on Public Opinion Using Instrumental Variables. American Journal of Political Science 51(4): 1013–1028.Google Scholar

Gaines, Brian J., and Kuklinski, James H.. 2011. Treatment Effects. In Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Political Science, edited by Druckman, James N., Green, Donald P., and Lupia, Arthur, 445–458. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Gaines, Brian J., Kuklinski, James H., and Quirk, Paul J.. 2007. The Logic of the Survey Experiment Reexamined. Political Analysis 15(1): 1–20.Google Scholar

Gallup International Association. 2005. Voice of the People. ICPSR04636-v1. Zürich: Gallup International Association.Google Scholar

Gallup International Association. 2011. Voice of the People. ICPSR33504-v1. Zürich: Gallup International Association.Google Scholar

Gates, Bill. 2020. Halting funding for the World Health Organization during a world health crisis is as dangerous as it sounds. Their work is slowing the spread of COVID-19 and if that work is stopped no other organization can replace them. The world needs @WHO now more than ever. April 15, 2020, 7.17 PM. Tweet.Google Scholar

Gawrich, Andrea. 2006. Die EU-Minderheitenpolitik und die Erweiterungsprozesse. Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft 16(2): 487–504.Google Scholar

Ghassim, Farsan. 2022. The Effects of (De)legitimation on Citizens’ Legitimacy Beliefs about Global Governance: An International Survey Experiment. In Legitimation and Delegitimation in Global Governance: Practices, Justifications, and Audiences, edited by Bexell, Magdalena, Jönsson, Kristina, and Uhlin, Anders, 237–258. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Gibson, James L. 2008. Challenges to the Impartiality of State Supreme Courts: Legitimacy Theory and “New-Style” Judicial Campaigns. American Political Science Review 102(1): 59–75.Google Scholar

Gibson, James L., Caldeira, Gregory A., and Baird, Vanessa A.. 1998. On the Legitimacy of National High Courts. American Political Science Review 92(2): 343–358.Google Scholar

Gibson, James L., Caldeira, Gregory A., and Spence, Lester Kenyatta. 2003. Measuring Attitudes toward the United States Supreme Court. American Journal of Political Science 47(2): 354–367.Google Scholar

Gibson, James L., Caldeira, Gregory A., and Kenyatta Spence, Lester. 2005. Why Do People Accept Public Policies They Oppose? Testing Legitimacy Theory with a Survey-Based Experiment. Political Research Quarterly 58(2): 187–201.Google Scholar

Gigerenzer, Gerd. 2015. Risk Savvy: How to Make Good Decisions. New York: Penguin Books.Google Scholar

Gigerenzer, Gerd, and Brighton, Henry. 2009. Homo Heuristicus: Why Biased Minds Make Better Inferences. Topics in Cognitive Science 1(1): 107–143.Google Scholar

Gigerenzer, Gerd, and Gaissmaier, Wolfgang. 2011. Heuristic Decision Making. Annual Review of Psychology 62(1): 451–482.Google Scholar

Gill, Stephen, and Cutler, A. Claire, eds. 2014. New Constitutionalism and World Order. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Gilley, Bruce. 2006. The Meaning and Measure of State Legitimacy: Results for 72 Countries. European Journal of Political Research 45(3): 499–525.Google Scholar

Goren, Paul, Federico, Christopher M., and Kittilson, Miki Caul. 2009. Source Cues, Partisan Identities, and Political Value Expression. American Journal of Political Science 55(4): 805–820.Google Scholar

Gourevitch, Peter A., Lake, David A., and Stein, Janice G., eds. 2012. The Credibility of Transnational NGOs: When Virtue Is Not Enough. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Gregoratti, Catia, and Uhlin, Anders. 2018. Civil Society Protest and the (De)Legitimation of Global Governance Institutions. In Legitimacy in Global Governance: Sources, Processes, and Consequences, edited by Tallberg, Jonas, Bäckstrand, Karin, and Scholte, Jan Aart, 134–152. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Gregoratti, Catia, and Stappert, Nora. 2019. Future-Talk as a Practice of Legitimation? Paper presented at the International Studies Annual Convention, Toronto, March 27–30, 2019.Google Scholar

Gronau, Jennifer. 2015. Die Selbstlegitimation internationaler Institutionen: G8 und G20 im Vergleich. Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verlag.Google Scholar

Gronau, Jennifer, and Schmidtke, Henning. 2016. The Quest for Legitimacy in World Politics – International Institutions’ Legitimation Strategies. Review of International Studies 42(3): 535–557.Google Scholar

Guisinger, Alexandra, and Saunders, Elizabeth N.. 2017. Mapping the Boundaries of Elite Cues: How Elites Shape Mass Opinion across International Issues. International Studies Quarterly 61(2): 425–441.Google Scholar

Haas, Peter. 1992. Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination. International Organization 46(1): 1–35.Google Scholar

Habermas, Jürgen. 1973/1976. Legitimation Crisis. London: Heinemann.Google Scholar

Hafner-Burton, Emilie M., Haggard, Stephan, Lake, David A., Victor, David G.. 2017. The Behavioural Revolution and International Relations. International Organization 71(S1): S1–S31.Google Scholar

Hainmueller, Jens, and Hiscox, Michael J.. 2007. Educated Preferences: Explaining Attitudes toward Immigration in Europe. International Organization 61(2): 399–442.Google Scholar

Hainmueller, Jens, Yamamoto, Teppei, and Hopkins, Daniel J.. 2014. Causal Inference in Conjoint Analysis: Understanding Multidimensional Choices via Stated Preference Experiments. Political Analysis 22(1): 1–30.Google Scholar

Hainmueller, Jens, Hangartner, Dominik, and Yamamoto, Teppei. 2015. Validating Vignette and Conjoint Survey Experiments against Real-World Behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112(8): 2395–2400.Google Scholar

Hall, Stephen G. F., Lenz, Tobias, and Obydenkova, Anastassia. 2021. Environmental Commitments and Rhetoric over the Pandemic Crisis: Social Media and Legitimation of the AIIB, the EAEU, and the EU. Post-Communist Economies Online First. DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2021.1954824.Google Scholar

Hamill, Ruth, Lodge, Milton, and Blake, Frederick. 1985. The Breadth, Depth, and Utility of Class, Partisan, and Ideological Schemata. American Journal of Political Science 29(4): 850–870.Google Scholar

Hardt, Heidi. 2014. Time to React: The Efficiency of International Organizations in Crisis Response. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Haerpfer, Christian, Inglehart, Ronald, Moreno, Alejandro, et al., eds. 2021. World Values Survey Time-Series (1981–2020) Cross-national Data-Set. Madrid, Spain & Vienna, Austria: JD Systems Institute & WVSA Secretariat. Data File Version 2.0.0, doi:10.14281/18241.15.Google Scholar

Harteveld, Eelco, Meer, Tom van der, and De Vries, Catherine E.. 2013. In Europe We Trust? Exploring Three Logics of Trust in the European Union. European Union Politics 14(4): 542–565.Google Scholar

Hawkins, Darren G., Lake, David A., Nielson, Daniel L., and Tierney, Michael J., eds. 2006. Delegation and Agency in International Organizations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Held, David. 1995. Democracy and the Global Order. From the Modern State to Cosmopolitan Governance. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar

Held, David, and Koenig-Archibugi, Mathias, eds. 2005. Global Governance and Public Accountability. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar

Helfer, Laurence R., and Schowalter, Anne E.. 2017. Opposing International Justice: Kenya’s Integrated Backlash Strategy against the ICC. iCourts Working Paper Series 83: 1–52.Google Scholar

Hellström, Johan. 2008. Who Leads, Who Follows? Re-Examining the Party-Electorate Linkages on European Integration. Journal of European Public Policy 15(8): 1127–1144.Google Scholar

Hetherington, Marc J. 2001. Resurgent Mass Partisanship: The Role of Elite Polarization. American Political Science Review 95(3): 619–631.Google Scholar

Hetherington, Marc J. 2005. Why Trust Matters: Declining Political Trust and the Demise of American Liberalism. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Hiscox, Michael J. 2006. Through a Glass and Darkly: Attitudes toward International Trade and the Curious Effects of Issue Framing. International Organization 60(3): 755–780.Google Scholar

Hicks, Raymond, Milner, Helen V., and Tingley, Dustin. 2014. Trade Policy, Economic Interests, and Party Politics in a Developing Country: The Political Economy of CAFTA-DR. International Studies Quarterly 58(1): 106–117.Google Scholar

Hix, Simon. 2008. What Is Wrong with the European Union and How to Fix It. London: Polity.Google Scholar

Hobolt, Sara B. 2007. Taking Cues on Europe? Voter Competence and Party Endorsements in Referendums on European Integration. European Journal of Political Research 46(2): 151–182.Google Scholar

Hobolt, Sara B. 2016. The Brexit Vote: A Divided Nation, A Divided Continent. Journal of European Public Policy 23(9): 1259–1277.Google Scholar

Hobolt, Sara B., and De Vries, Catherine. 2016. Public Support for European Integration. Annual Review of Political Science 19: 413–432.Google Scholar

Hooghe, Liesbet. 2002. The European Commission and the Integration of Europe: Images of Governance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Hooghe, Liesbet, and Marks, Gary. 2005. Calculation, Community and Cues: Public Opinion on European Integration. European Union Politics 6(4): 419–443.Google Scholar

Hooghe, Liesbet, and Marks, Gary. 2009. A Postfunctionalist Theory of European Integration: From Permissive Consensus to Constraining Dissensus. British Journal of Political Science 39(1): 1–23.Google Scholar

Hooghe, Liesbet, and Marks, Gary. 2015. Delegation and Pooling in International Organizations. Review of International Organizations 10(3): 305–328.Google Scholar

Hooghe, Liesbet, and Marks, Gary. 2018. Cleavage Theory Meets Europe’s Crises: Lipset, Rokkan, and the Transnational Cleavage. Journal of European Public Policy 25(1): 109–135.Google Scholar

Hooghe, Liesbeth, Marks, Gary, and Wilson, Carole J.. 2002. Does Left/Right Structure Party Positions on European Integration? Comparative Political Studies 35(8): 965–989.Google Scholar

Hooghe, Liesbet, Marks, Gary, Lenz, Tobias, Bezuijen, Jeanine, Ceka, Besir, and Derderyan, Svet. 2017. Measuring International Authority: A Postfunctionalist Theory of Governance, Volume III. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Hooghe, Liesbet, Lenz, Tobias, and Marks, Gary. 2019. Contested World Order: The Delegitimation of International Governance. Review of International Organizations 14(4): 731–743.Google Scholar

Hurd, Ian. 1999. Legitimacy and Authority in International Politics. International Organization 53(2): 379–408.Google Scholar

Hurd, Ian. 2007. After Anarchy: Legitimacy and Power in the United Nations Security Council. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Hurrelmann, Achim. 2007. Exploring the Communicative Dimension of Legitimacy: Text Analytical Approaches. In Legitimacy in an Age of Global Politics, edited by Schneider, Steffen, Nullmeier, Frank, and Hurrelmann, Achim, 125–155. Basingstoke: Palgrave.Google Scholar

Hurrelmann, Achim, and Schneider, Steffen, eds. 2015. The Legitimacy of Regional Integration in Europe and the Americas. Basingstoke: Palgrave.Google Scholar

Ikenberry, G. John. 2018. The End of Liberal International Order? International Affairs 94(1): 7–23.Google Scholar

Inglehart, Ronald, and Norris, Pippa. 2017. Trump and Populist-Authoritarian Parties: The Silent Revolution in Reverse. Perspectives on Politics 15(2): 443–454.Google Scholar

Inglehart, Ronald, and Welzel, Christian. 2005. Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Isani, Mujtaba, and Schlipphak, Bernd. 2020. The Role of Societal Cues in Explaining Attitudes toward International Organizations: The Least Likely Case of Authoritarian Contexts. Political Research Exchange 2(1): 1771189.Google Scholar

Iyengar, Shanto. 1991. Is Anyone Responsible? How Television Frames Political Issues. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar

Jamal, Amaney, and Nooruddin, Irfan. 2010. The Democratic Utility of Trust: A Cross-national Analysis. Journal of Politics 72(1): 45.Google Scholar

Jessee, Stephen A. 2017. “Don’t Know” Responses, Personality, and the Measurement of Political Knowledge. Political Science Research and Methods 5(4): 711–731.Google Scholar

Joachim, Jutta. 2003. Framing Issues and Seizing Opportunities: The UN, NGOs, and Women’s Rights. International Studies Quarterly 47(2): 247–274.Google Scholar

Johnson, Tana. 2011. Guilt by Association: The Link between States’ Influence and the Legitimacy of Intergovernmental Organizations. Review of International Organizations 6(1): 57–84.Google Scholar

Jost, John T., Federico, Christopher M., and Napier, Jamie L.. 2013. Political Ideologies and Their Social Psychological Functions. In The Oxford Handbook on Political Ideologies, edited by Freeden, Michael and Stears, Marc, 232–250. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Kafura, Craig. 2019. Public and Opinion Leaders’ Views on US-China Trade War. Chicago, IL: The Chicago Council on Global Affairs and Lester Crown Center on US Foreign Policy.Google Scholar

Kahneman, Daniel. 2011. Thinking, Fast and Slow. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Google Scholar

Kahneman, Daniel, and Tversky, Amos. 1979. Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk. Econometrica 47(2): 263–292.Google Scholar

Kahneman, Daniel, Slovic, Paul, and Tversky, Amos, eds. 1982. Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Kalm, Sara, and Uhlin, Anders. 2015. Civil Society and the Governance of Development: Opposing Global Institutions. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Keck, Margaret, and Sikkink, Kathryn. 1998. Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Kelley, Judith G, and Simmons, Beth Ann. 2015. Politics by Number: Indicators as Social Pressure in International Relations. American Journal of Political Science 59(1): 55–70.Google Scholar

Kentikelenis, Alexander, and Voeten, Erik. 2021. Legitimacy Challenges to the Liberal World Order: Evidence from United Nations Speeches, 1970–2018. Review of International Organizations 16: 721–754.Google Scholar

Keohane, Robert O. 1984. After Hegemony. Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Keohane, Robert O. 2006. The Contingent Legitimacy of Multilateralism. In Multilateralism under Challenge? Power, Institutional Order, and Structural Change, edited by Newman, Edward, Thakur, Ramesh, and Tirman, John, 56–76. Tokyo: United Nations University Press.Google Scholar

Keohane, Robert O., and Hoffmann, Stanley, eds. 1991. The New European Community: Desicionmaking and Institutional Change. Boulder: Westview Press.Google Scholar

Keohane, Robert O., Macedo, Stephen, and Moravcsik, Andrew. 2009. Democracy-Enhancing Multilateralism. International Organization 63(1): 1–31.Google Scholar

Kertzer, Joshua D., and Zeitzoff, Thomas. 2017. A Bottom-Up Theory of Public Opinion about Foreign Policy. American Journal of Political Science 61(3): 543–558.Google Scholar

Khan, Shamus Rahman. 2012. The Sociology of Elites. Annual Review of Sociology 38(1): 361–377.Google Scholar

King, Gary, Michael, Tomz, and Wittenberg, Jason. 2000. Making the Most of Statistical Analyses: Improving Interpretation and Presentation. American Journal of Political Science 44(2): 341–355.Google Scholar

Kriesi, Hanspeter. 2013. Democratic Legitimacy: Is There a Legitimacy Crisis in Contemporary Politics? Politische Vierteljahresschrift 54(4): 609–638.Google Scholar

Kriesi, Hanspeter, Edgar Grande, Romain Lachat, Dolezal, Martin, Bornschier, Simon, and Frey, Timotheos. 2006. Globalization and the Transformation of the National Political Space: Six European Countries. European Journal of Political Research 45(6): 921–956.Google Scholar

Kruck, Andreas, and Zangl, Bernhard. 2020. The Adjustment of International Institutions to Global Power Shifts: A Framework for Analysis. Global Policy 11(3): 5–16.Google Scholar

Kuklinski, James H. 2001. Citizen Competence Revisited. Political Behaviour 23(3): 195–198.Google Scholar

Kuklinski, James H., and Quirk, Paul J.. 2000. Reconsidering the Rational Public: Cognition, Heuristics, and Mass Opinion. In Elements of Reason: Cognition, Choice, and the Bounds of Rationality, edited by Lupia, Arthur, 153–182. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Kuklinski, James H., and Quirk, Paul J.. 2001. Conceptual Foundations of Citizen Competence. Political Behavior 23(3): 285–311.Google Scholar

Kunda, Z. 1990. The Case for Motivated Reasoning. Psychological Bulletin 108(3): 480–499.Google Scholar

Lagarde, Christine. 2019. Wallet, Brain, Heart: Lagarde Reflecting on the IMF. YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDUkAl04baU (last accessed June 16, 2022).Google Scholar

Lake, David A. 2009. Open Economy Politics: A Critical Review. Review of International Organizations 4: 219–244.Google Scholar

Lau, Richard R. 1985. Two Explanations for Negativity Effects in Political Behavior. American Journal of Political Science 29(1): 119–138.Google Scholar

Lau, Richard R., and Redlawsk, David P.. 2001. Advantages and Disadvantages of Cognitive Heuristics in Political Decision Making. American Journal of Political Science 45(4): 951–971.Google Scholar

Lavine, Howard, Johnston, Christopher, and Steenbergen, Marco. 2012. The Ambivalent Partisan. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Layne, Christopher. 2012. This Time It’s Real: The End of Unipolarity and the Pax Americana. International Studies Quarterly 56(1): 203–213.Google Scholar

Leeper, Thomas J., and Slothuus, Rune. 2014. Political Parties, Motivated Reasoning, and Public Opinion Formation. Political Psychology 35(1): 129–156.Google Scholar

Leeper, Thomas J., Hobolt, Sara B., and Tilley, James. 2020. Measuring Subgroup Preferences in Conjoint Experiments. Political Analysis 28(2): 207–221.Google Scholar

Lenz, Tobias, and Viola, Lora A.. 2017. Legitimacy and Institutional Change in International Organizations: A Cognitive Approach. Review of International Studies 43(5): 939–961.Google Scholar

Lenz, Tobias, Bezuijen, Jeanine, Hooghe, Liesbet, and Marks, Gary. 2015. Patterns of International Authority: Task Specific vs. General Purpose. Politischen Vierteljahresschrift 49: 131–156.Google Scholar

Lenz, Tobias, Schmidtke, Henning, Krösche, Niklas, and Schirmer, Swantje. 2020. Legitimation Communication of Regional Organizations: Conceptualization and Findings. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, September 9–13, 2020.Google Scholar

Levendusky, Matthew S. 2010. Clearer Cues, More Consistent Voters. Political Behavior 32(1): 111–131.Google Scholar

Levi, Margaret, Sacks, Audrey, and Tyler, Tom. 2009. Conceptualizing Legitimacy, Measuring Legitimating Beliefs. American Behavioral Scientist 53(3): 354–375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lind, E. Allan, and Tyler, Tom R.. 1988. The Social Psychology of Procedural Justice. New York, NY: Plenum Press.Google Scholar

Lindberg, Leon N., and Scheingold, Stuart A.. 1970. Europe's Would-Be Polity. Patterns of Change in the European Community. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar

Lodge, Milton, and Hamill, Ruth. 1986. A Partisan Schema for Political Information Processing. American Political Science Review 80(2): 505–520.Google Scholar

Lupia, Arthur. 1994. Shortcuts versus Encyclopedias: Information and Voting Behavior in California Insurance Reform Elections. The American Political Science Review 88(1): 63–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lupia, Arthur. 2000. Who Can Persuade Whom? Implications from the Nexus of Psychology and Rational Choice Theory. In Political Psychology, edited by Kuklinski, James H., 51–88. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Lupia, Arthur. 2016. Uninformed: Why People Seem to Know So Little about Politics and What We Can Do about It. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Lupia, Arthur, and McCubbins, Mathew D.. 1998. The Democratic Dilemma: Can Citizens Learn What They Need to Know? New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Lupu, Noam. 2015. Party Polarization and Mass Partisanship: A Comparative Perspective. Political Behavior 37: 331–356.Google Scholar

Macdonald, Terry. 2008. Global Stakeholder Democracy: Power and Representation beyond Liberal States. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Maier, Michaela, Adam, Silke, and Maier, Jürgen. 2012. The Impact of Identity and Economic Cues on Cititzens’ EU Support: An Experimental Study on the Effects of Party Communication in the Run-up to the 2009 European Parliament Elections. European Union Politics 13(4): 580–603.Google Scholar

Mair, Peter. 2007. Left-Right Orientations. In The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior, edited by Dalton, Russel J. and Klingemann, Hans-Dieter, 206–222. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Majone, Giandomenico. 1998. Europe’s “Democratic Deficit”: The Question of Standards. European Law Journal 4(1): 5–28.Google Scholar

Maliniak, Daniel, Parajon, Eric, Peterson, Susan, and Powers, Ryan. 2019. Expert Endorsements, Partisan Cues, and Public Support for International Cooperation. Paper presented at the Workshop “Legitimacy in Global Governance,” University of Toronto, March 26, 2019.Google Scholar

Maliniak, Daniel, Parajon, Eric, and Powers, Ryan. 2021. Epistemic Communities and Public Support for the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. Political Research Quarterly 74(4): 866–881.Google Scholar

Mansfield, Edward D., and Mutz, Diana C.. 2009. Support for Free Trade: Self-Interest, Sociotropic Politics and Out-Group Anxiety. International Organization 63(3): 425–457.Google Scholar

Martin, Lisa L. 2000. Democratic Commitments: Legislatures and International Cooperation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

McLaren, Lauren M. 2006. Identity, Interests and Attitudes to European Integration. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Meissner, Katharina L. 2017. MERCOSUR. In Regional Integration in the Global South, edited by Krapohl, Sebastian, 147–178. Basingstoke: Palgrave.Google Scholar

Meyer, John W., and Richard Scott, W.. 1983. Organizational Environments: Ritual and Rationality. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.Google Scholar

Michel, Leo G. 2014. NATO Decision Making: The “Consensus Rule” Endures Despite Challenges. In NATO’s Post-Cold War Politics, edited by Mayer, Sebastian, 107–123. London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Milgram, Stanley. 1974. Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View. New York, NY: Harper.Google Scholar

Miller, Joanne M., and Krosnick, Jon A.. 2000. News Media Impact on the Ingredients of Presidential Evaluations: Politically Knowledgeable Citizens Are Guided by a Trusted Source. American Journal of Political Science 44(2): 301–315.Google Scholar

Milner, Helen V. 1998. Rationalizing Politics: The Emerging Synthesis of International, American, and Comparative Politics. International Organization 52(4): 759–786.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mishler, William, and Rose, Richard. 2001. What Are the Origins of Political Trust? Testing Institutional and Cultural Theories in Post-communist Societies. Comparative Political Studies 34(1): 30–62.Google Scholar

Mondak, Jeffery. 1993. Public Opinion and Heuristic Processing of Source Cues. Political Behavior 15(2): 167–192.Google Scholar

Mondak, Jeffery. 1999. Reconsidering the Measurement of Political Knowledge. Political Analysis 8(1): 57–82.Google Scholar

Moravcsik, Andrew. 1998. The Choice for Europe: Social Purpose and State Power from Messina to Maastricht. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Morse, Julia C., and Keohane, Robert O.. 2014. Contested Multilateralism. Review of International Organizations 9(4): 385–412.Google Scholar

Mosca, Gaetono. 1939. The Ruling Class. 1st ed. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar

Muñoz, Jordi, Torcal, Mariano, and Bonet, Eduard. 2011. Institutional Trust and Multilevel Government in the European Union: Congruence or Compensation? European Union Politics 12(4): 551–574.Google Scholar

Mutz, Diana C. 2011. Population-Based Survey Experiments. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Newton, Kenneth, and Norris, Pippa. 2000. Confidence in Public Institutions: Faith, Culture or Performance? In Disaffected Democracies: What’s Troubling the Trilateral Countries?, edited by Pharr, Susan J. and Putnam, Robert D., 52–73. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Nguyen, Quynh, and Spilker, Gabriele. 2019. The Elephant in the Negotiation Room: PTAs through the Eyes of Citizens. In The Shifting Landscape of Global Trade Governance, edited by Elsig, Manfred, Hahn, Michael, and Spilker, Gabriele, 17–47. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Nicholson, Stephen P. 2012. Polarizing Cues. American Journal of Political Science 56(1): 52–66.Google Scholar

Nielson, Daniel L., Hyde, Susan D., and Kelley, Judith. 2019. The Elusive Sources of Legitimacy Beliefs: Civil Society Views of International Election Observers. Review of International Organizations 14(4): 685–715.Google Scholar

Nöel, Alain, and Thérien, Jean-Philippe. 2008. Left and Right in Global Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Norris, Pippa, ed. 1999. Critical Citizens: Global Support of Democratic Government. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Norris, Pippa. 2000. Global Governance & Cosmopolitan Citizens. In Governance in a Globalizing World, edited by Nye, Joseph S., and Donahue, John D., 155–177. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar

Norris, Pippa. 2009. Confidence in the United Nations: Cosmopolitan and Nationalistic Attitudes. In The International System, Democracy, and Values, edited by Esmer, Yilmaz, and Pettersson, Thorleif, 17–48. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis.Google Scholar

Norris, Pippa. 2011. Democratic Deficit: Critical Citizens Revisited. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Norris, Pippa, and Inglehart, Ronald. 2019. Cultural Backlash: Trump, Brexit, and Authoritarian Populism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

NPR. 2019. U.S. Announces Its Withdrawal from the U.N. Human Rights Council. June 19, 2019. Internet: www.npr.org/2018/06/19/621435225/u-s-announces-its-withdrawal-from-u-n-s-human-rights-council (last accessed June 16, 2022).Google Scholar

Nujoma, Sam. 2002. Statement by His Excellency Dr Sam Nujoma President of the Republic of Namibia. Given at the OAU/AU Heads of State and Government Summit, Durban, July 9–12, 2002.Google Scholar

Nuñez-Mietz, Fernando G. 2018. Legalization and the Legitimation of the Use of Force: Revisiting Kosovo. International Organization 72(3): 725–757.Google Scholar

O’Brien, Robert, Goetz, Anne Marie, Scholte, Jan Aart, and Williams, Marc. 2000. Contesting Global Governance: Multilateral Economic Institutions and Global Social Movements. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Pallas, Christopher L. 2013. Transnational Civil Society and the World Bank: Investigating Civil Society’s Potential to Democratize Global Governance. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Parsons, Talcott. 1960. Structure and Process in Modern Societies. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.Google Scholar

Pateman, Carole. 1970. Participation and Democratic Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Persson, Thomas, Parker, Charles F., and Widmalm, Sten. 2019. How Trust in EU Institutions Is Linked to Trust in National Institutions: Explaining Confidence in EU Governance among National-Level Public Officials. European Union Politics 20(4): 629–648.Google Scholar

Pevehouse, Jon C. 2005. Democracy from above: Regional Organizations and Democratization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Pew Research Center. 2014. Political Polarization in the American Public. Available at: www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-theamerican-public/Google Scholar

Pew Research Center. 2019. Sizing Up Twitter Users. Internet: www.pewresearch.org/internet/2019/04/24/sizing-up-twitter-users/ (last accessed October 14, 2020).Google Scholar

Pfeffer, Jeffrey, and Salancik, Gerald. 1978. The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar

Pitkin, Hannah F. 1972. The Concept of Representation. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Pogge, Thomas. 2002. World Poverty and Human Rights: Cosmopolitan Responsibilities and Reforms. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar

Putnam, Robert D. 1988. Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games. International Organization 42(3): 427–460.Google Scholar

Rathbun, Brian C. 2012. Trust in International Cooperation: International Security Institutions, Domestic Politics and American Multilateralism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Rauh, Christian, and Zürn, Michael. 2020. Authority, Politicization, and Alternative Justifications: Endogenous Legitimation Dynamics in Global Economic Governance. Review of International Political Economy 27(3): 583–611.Google Scholar

Reus-Smit, Christian. 2007. International Crises of Legitimacy. International Politics 44: 157–174.Google Scholar

Rittberger, Berthold, and Schroeder, Philipp. 2016. The Legitimacy of Regional Institutions. In Oxford Handbook of Comparative Regionalism, edited by Börzel, Tanja A. and Risse, Thomas, 579–599. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Rocabert, Jofre, Schimmelfennig, Frank, Crasnic, Loriana, and Winzen, Thomas. 2019. The Rise of International Parliamentary Institutions: Purpose and Legitimation. Review of International Organizations 14: 607–631.Google Scholar

Rodrik, Dani. 2018. Populism and the Economics of Globalization. Journal of International Business Policy 1(1–2): 12–33.Google Scholar

Rohrschneider, Robert, and Loveless, Matthew. 2010. Macro Salience: How Economic and Political Contexts Mediate Popular Evaluations of the Democracy Deficit in the European Union. Journal of Politics 72(4): 1029–1045.Google Scholar

Rokeach, Milton. 1968. Beliefs, Attitudes, and Values. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass.Google Scholar

Rubin, Donald B. 1976. Inference and Missing Data. Biometrika 63(3): 581–592.Google Scholar

Sánchez-Cuenca, Ignacio. 2000. The Political Basis of Support for European Integration. European Union Politics 1(2): 147–171.Google Scholar

Scharl, Arno, Hubmann-Haidvogel, Alexander, Weichselbraun, Albert, Lang, Heinz-Peter, and Sabou, Marta. 2013. Media Watch on Climate Change – Visual Analytics for Aggregating and Managing Environmental Knowledge from Online Sources. 46th Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences (HICSS-46). Sprague, R. H., 955–964. Maui, HI: IEEE Press.Google Scholar

Scharl, Arno, Föls, Michael, Herring, David, Piccolo, Lara, Fernandez, Miriam, and Alani, Harith. 2016. Application Design and Engagement Strategy of a Game with a Purpose for Climate Change Awareness. Internet Science, 3rd International Conference, INSCI-2016 (= Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 9934), edited by Bagnoli, F. et al., 97–104. Florence, Italy: Springer.Google Scholar

Scharl, Arno, Herring, David, Rafelsberger, Walter, Hubmann-Haidvogel, Alexander, Kamolov, Ruslan, Fischl, Daniel, Föls, Michael, and Weichselbraun, Albert. 2017. Semantic Systems and Visual Tools to Support Environmental Communication. IEEE Systems Journal 11(2): 762–771.Google Scholar

Scharpf, Fritz W. 1970. Demokratietheorie zwischen Utopie und Anpassung. Konstanz: Universitätsverlag.Google Scholar

Scharpf, Fritz W. 1999. Governing in Europe: Effective and Democratic? Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Scheve, Kenneth F., and Slaughter, Matthew J.. 2001. What Determines Individual Trade-Policy Preferences? Journal of International Economics 54(2): 267–292.Google Scholar

Schlipphak, Bernd. 2015. Measuring Attitudes toward Regional Organizations Outside Europe. Review of International Organizations 10(3): 351–375.Google Scholar

Schlipphak, Bernd, Schäfer, Constantin, and Treib, Oliver. 2021. Authority Matters: Institutional Settings, Cosmopolitanism, and the Public Legitimacy of International Organizations. Paper presented at the ISA Annual Convention, April 7, 2021.Google Scholar

Schmidt, Vivien A. 2012. Democracy and Legitimacy in the European Union Revisited: Input, Output and “Throughput.” Political Studies 61(1): 2–22.Google Scholar

Schmidtke, Henning. 2019. Elite Legitimation and Delegitimation of International Organizations in the Media: Patterns and Explanations. Review of International Organizations 14: 633–659.Google Scholar

Schmitt, Hermann, and Thomassen, Jacques. 1999. Political Representation and Legitimacy in the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Schneider, Christina J. 2019. The Responsive Union: National Elections and European Governance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Scholte, Jan Aart, ed. 2011. Building Global Democracy? Civil Society and Accountable Global Governance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Scholte, Jan Aart. 2018. Social Structure and Global Governance Legitimacy. In Legitimacy in Global Governance: Sources, Processes, and Consequences, edited by Tallberg, Jonas, Bäckstrand, Karin, and Scholte, Jan Aart, 75–97. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Scholte, Jan Aart, and Schnabel, Albrecht. 2003. Civil Society and Global Finance. London: Taylor and Francis.Google Scholar

Scholte, Jan Aart, and Tallberg, Jonas. 2018. Theorizing the Institutional Sources of Global Governance Legitimacy. In Legitimacy in Global Governance: Sources, Processes, and Consequences, edited by Tallberg, Jonas, Bäckstrand, Karin, and Scholte, Jan Aart, 56–74. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Scholte, Jan Aart, Verhaegen, Soetkin, and Tallberg, Jonas. 2021. Elite Attitudes and the Future of Global Governance. International Affairs 97(3): 861–886.Google Scholar

Scholte, Jan Aart, Fioramonti, Lorenzo, and Nhema, Alfred G., eds. 2016. New Rules for Global Justice: Structural Redistribution in the Global Economy. London: Rowman & Littlefield International.Google Scholar

Schumpeter, Joseph L. 1947. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers.Google Scholar

Scott, Richard. 1991. Unpacking Institutional Arguments. In The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis, edited by Walter, W. Powell and DiMaggio, Paul, 164–182. Chicago: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar

Shah, Anuj K., and Oppenheimer, Daniel M.. 2008. Heuristics Made Easy: An Effort-Reduction Framework. Psychological Bulletin 134(2): 207–222.Google Scholar

Simon, Herbert A. 1957. Models of Man: Social and Rational. New York, NY: Wiley.Google Scholar

Simon, Herbert A. 1982. Models of Bounded Rationality. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Skitka, Linda. 2002. Do the Means Always Justify the Ends or Do the Ends Sometimes Justify the Means? A Value Protection Model of Justice Reasoning. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 28(5): 588–597.Google Scholar

Slothuus, Rune, and De Vreese, Claes H.. 2010. Political Parties, Motivated Reasoning, and Issue Framing Effects. Journal of Politics 72(3): 630–645.Google Scholar

Sniderman, Paul M. 2000. Taking Sides: A Fixed Choice Theory of Political Reasoning. In Elements of Reason: Cognition, Choice, and the Bounds of Rationality, edited by Lupia, Arthur, McCubbins, Mathew D., and Popkin, Samuel L., 67–84. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Sniderman, Paul M. 2011. The Logic and Design of the Survey Experiment: An Autobiography of a Methodological Innovation. In Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Political Science, edited by Druckman, James M., Green, Donald P., Kuklinski, James H., and Lupia, Arthur, 102–114. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Sniderman, Paul M., and Bullock, John. 2004. A Consistency Theory of Public Opinion and Political Choice: The Hypothesis of Menu Dependence. In Studies in Public Opinion: Attitudes, Nonattitudes, Measurement Error, and Change, edited by Saris, Willem E., Sniderman, Paul M., 337–354. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Sniderman, Paul M., Hagen, Michael G., Tetlock, Philip E., and Brady, Henry E.. 1986. Reasoning Chains: Causal Models of Policy Reasoning in Mass Publics. British Journal of Political Science 16(4): 405–430.Google Scholar

Sniderman, Paul M., Brody, Richard A., and Tetlock, Philip E.. 1991. Reasoning and Choice: Explorations in Political Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Solt, Frederick. 2008. Economic Inequality and Democratic Political Engagement. American Journal of Political Science 52(1): 48–60.Google Scholar

Sommerer, Thomas. 2016. Transnationale Zivilgesellschaft zwischen Dissidenz und Partizipation: Zum Zusammenhang von Protesten und der institutionellen Öffnung internationaler Organisationen. Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen 23(2): 42–77.Google Scholar

Sommerer, Thomas, Agné, Hans, Zelli, Fariborz, and Bart, Bes. 2022. Global Legitimacy Crises: Decline and Revival in Multilateral Governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Soroka, Stuart N. 2006. Good News and Bad News: Asymmetric Responses to Economic Information. Journal of Politics 68(2): 372–385.Google Scholar

Spiegel International. 2010. Norway Takes Aim at G-20: “One of the Greatest Setbacks since World War II.” June 22, 2010. Internet: www.spiegel.de/international/europe/norway-takes-aim-at-g-20-one-of-the-greatest-setbacks-since-world-war-ii-a-702104.html (last accessed July 5, 2022).Google Scholar

Spilker, Gabriele, Nguyen, Quynh, and Bernauer, Thomas. 2020. Trading Arguments: Opinion Updating in the Context of International Trade Agreements. International Studies Quarterly 64(4): 929–938.Google Scholar

Stanovich, Keith E., and West, Richard F.. 2000. Individual Differences in Reasoning: Implications for the Rationality Debate? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23(5): 645–664.Google Scholar

Steenbergen, Marco R., and Jones, Bradford S.. 2002. Modeling Multilevel Data Structures. American Journal of Political Science 46(1): 218–237.Google Scholar

Steenbergen, Marco, Edwards, Erica E., and de Vries, Catherine E.. 2007. Who’s Cueing Whom? Mass-Elite Linkages and the Future of European Integration. European Union Politics 8(1): 13–35.Google Scholar

Steffek, Jens. 2003. The Legitimation of International Governance: A Discourse Approach. European Journal of International Relations 9(2): 249–275.Google Scholar

Steffek, Jens, Kissling, Claudia, and Nanz, Patrizia, eds. 2007. Civil Society Participation in European and Global Governance: A Cure for the Democratic Deficit? Basingstoke: Palgrave.Google Scholar

Stephen, Matthew D, and Zürn, Michael, eds. 2019. Contested World Orders: Rising Powers, Non-governmental Organizations, and the Politics of Authority beyond the Nation-State. Oxford: Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Strebel, Michael A., Kübler, Daniel, and Marcinkowski, Frank. 2019. The Importance of Input and Output Legitimacy in Democratic Governance: Evidence from a Population-Based Survey Experiment in Four West European Countries. European Journal of Political Research 58: 488–513.Google Scholar

Suchman, Mark C. 1995. Managing Legitimacy: Strategic and Institutional Approaches. The Academy of Management Review 20(3): 571–610.Google Scholar

Symons, Jonathan. 2011. The Legitimation of International Organisations: Examining the Identity of the Communities that Grant Legitimacy. Review of International Studies 37(5): 2557–2583.Google Scholar

Söderbaum, Fredrik, Spandler, Kilian, and Pacciardi, Agnese. 2021. Contestations of the Liberal International Order. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Taber, Charles S., and Lodge, Milton. 2006. Motivated Skepticism in the Evaluation of Political Beliefs. American Journal of Political Science 50(3): 755–769.Google Scholar

Tallberg, Jonas. 2002. Delegation to Supranational Institutions: Why, How, and with What Consequences? West European Politics 25(1): 23–46.Google Scholar

Tallberg, Jonas. 2016. Transparency. In The Oxford Handbook of International Organizations, edited by Cogan, Jacob K., Hurd, Ian, and Johnstone, Ian, 1170–1192. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Tallberg, Jonas. 2021. Legitimacy and Modes of Global Governance. In Global Governance in a World of Change, edited by Barnett, Michael N., Pevehouse, Jon C. W., and Raustiala, Kal, 311–337. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Tallberg, Jonas, and Verhaegen, Soetkin. 2020. The Legitimacy of International Institutions among Rising and Established Powers. Global Policy 11(3): 115–126.Google Scholar

Tallberg, Jonas, and Zürn, Michael. 2019. The Legitimacy and Legitimation of International Organizations: Introduction and Framework. Review of International Organizations 14: 581–606.Google Scholar

Tallberg, Jonas, Sommerer, Thomas, Squatrito, Theresa, and Jönsson, Christer. 2013. The Opening Up of International Organizations: Transnational Access in Global Governance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Tallberg, Jonas, Sommerer, Thomas, Squatrito, Theresa, and Lundgren, Magnus. 2016. The Performance of International Organizations: A Policy Output Approach. Journal of European Public Policy 23(7): 1077–1096.Google Scholar

Tallberg, Jonas, Bäckstrand, Karin, and Scholte, Jan Aart, eds. 2018. Legitimacy in Global Governance: Sources, Processes, and Consequences. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Tomz, Michael. 2007. Domestic Audience Costs and International Relations: An Experimental Approach. International Organization 61(3): 821–840.Google Scholar

Torcal, Mariano, Martini, Sergio, and Orriols, Lluis. 2018. Deciding about the Unknown: The Effect of Party and Ideological Cues on Forming Opinions about the European Union. European Union Politics 19(3): 502–523.Google Scholar

Tokhi, Alexandros. 2019. The Contestation of the IMF. In Contested World Orders: Rising Powers, Non-Governmental Organizations, and the Politics of Authority Beyond the Nation-State, edited by Stephen, Matthew and Zürn, Michael, 82–123. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Torgler, Benno. 2008. Trust in International Organizations: An Empirical Investigation Focusing on the United Nations. Review of International Organizations 3(1): 65–93.Google Scholar

Transue, John E., Lee, Daniel J., and Aldrich, John H.. 2009. Treatment Spillover Effects across Survey Experiments. Political Analysis 17(2): 143–161.Google Scholar

Tresch, Anke. 2009. Politicians in the Media: Determinants of Legislators’ Presence and Prominence in Swiss Newspapers. The International Journal of Press/Politics 14(1): 67–90.Google Scholar

Tversky, Amos, and Kahneman, Daniel. 1974. Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Science 185(4157): 1124–1131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Tversky, Amos, and Kahneman, Daniel. 1981. The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice. Science 211(4481): 453–458.Google Scholar

Tyler, Tom R. 1990. Why People Obey the Law: Procedural Justice, Legitimacy, and Compliance. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Tyler, Tom R. 2006. Psychological Perspectives on Legitimacy and Legitimation. Annual Review of Psychology 57: 375–400.Google Scholar

Tyler, Tom R., Boeckmann, Robert J., Smith, Heather J., and Huo, Yuen J.. 1997. Social Justice in a Diverse Society. Boulder: Westview Press.Google Scholar

Uhlin, Anders. 2019. Legitimacy Struggles in Global Governance: Legitimation and Delegitimation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. SAGE Open 9(3): 1–14.Google Scholar

Uhlin, Anders, and Gregoratti, Catia. 2022. The Interplay between Delegitimation and Legitimation: Civil Society Protest and the Responses of Global Governance Institutions. In Legitimation and Delegitimation in Global Governance: Practices, Justifications, and Audiences, edited by Bexell, Magdalena, Jönsson, Kristina, and Uhlin, Anders, 96–118. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

United Nations. 2019. Service and Sacrifice of African Peacekeepers “at the Forefront of Our Minds”: UN Chief. UN News (last accessed January 10, 2022).Google Scholar

United Nations. 2020. Protect Human Rights. Internet: www.un.org/en/our-work/protect-human-rights (last accessed June 27, 2022).Google Scholar

Velasco-Guachalla, V. Ximena, Calla, Hummel, Jami, Nelson-Nuñez, and Carew, Boulding. 2022. Legitimacy and Policy during Crises: Subnational COVID-19 Responses in Bolivia. Perspectives on Politics 20(2): 528–546.Google Scholar

Verhaegen, Soetkin, Aart, JanScholte, , and Tallberg, Jonas. 2021. Explaining Elite Perceptions of Legitimacy in Global Governance. European Journal of International Relations 27(2): 622–650.Google Scholar

Verhaegen, Soetkin, Dellmuth, Lisa, Scholte, Jan Aart, and Tallberg, Jonas. 2019. LegGov Elite Survey. Technical Report. Stockholm and Gothenburg: LegGov Research Program.Google Scholar

Voeten, Erik. 2013. Public Opinion and the Legitimacy of International Courts. Theoretical Inquiries in Law 14(2): 411–436.Google Scholar

Voeten, Erik. 2020. Populism and Backlashes against International Courts. Perspectives on Politics 18(2): 407–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Von Billerbeck, Sarah. 2020. “Mirror, Mirror on the Wall:” Self-legitimation by International Organizations. International Studies Quarterly 64(1): 207–219.Google Scholar

Walter, Stefanie. 2020. The Mass Politics of International Disintegration. CIS Working Paper No. 105. Zürich: Center for Comparative and International Studies.Google Scholar

Walter, Stefanie. 2021. The Backlash against Globalization. Annual Review of Political Science 24: 421–442.Google Scholar

Weatherford, M. Stephen. 1992. Measuring Political Legitimacy. American Political Science Review 86(1): 149–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Weber, Max. 1922/1978. Economy and Society. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Weichselbraun, Albert, Gindl, Stefan, Fischer, Fabian, Vakulenko, Svitlana, and Scharl, Arno. 2017. Aspect-Based Extraction and Analysis of Affective Knowledge from Social Media Streams. IEEE Intelligent Systems 32(3): 80–88.Google Scholar

Weiss, Thomas G. 2012. What’s Wrong with the United Nations and How to Fix It. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar

Westergren, Martin. 2016. The Political Legitimacy of Global Governance Institutions: A Justice-Based Account. PhD dissertation, Department of Political Science, Stockholm University.Google Scholar

Witt, Antonia. 2019. Between the Shadow of History and the “Union of People”: Legitimating the Organisation of African Unity and the African Union. In International Organizations under Pressure, edited by Dingwerth, Klaus, Witt, Antonia, Lehmann, Ina, Reichel, Ellen, and Weise, Tobias, 98–129. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Zaller, John R. 1992. Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Zaum, Dominik, ed. 2013. Legitimating International Organizations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Zelli, Fariborz. 2018. Effects of Legitimacy Crises in Complex Global Governance. In Legitimacy in Global Governance: Sources, Processes, and Consequences, edited by Tallberg, Jonas, Bäckstrand, Karin, and Scholte, Jan Aart, 169–188. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Zvobgo, Kelebogile. 2019. Human Rights versus National Interests: Shifting US Public Attitudes on the International Criminal Court. International Studies Quarterly 63: 1065–1078.Google Scholar

Zürn, Michael. 2000. Democratic Governance beyond the Nation-State: The EU and Other International Institutions. European Journal of International Relations 6(2): 183–221.Google Scholar

Zürn, Michael. 2018. A Theory of Global Governance: Authority, Legitimacy, and Contestation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Zürn, Michael, Binder, Martin, and Ecker-Ehrhardt, Matthias. 2012. International Authority and Its Politicization. International Theory 4(1): 69–106.Google Scholar

Zürn, Michael, Dieter Wolf, Klaus, and Stephen, Matthew D.. 2019. Contested World Orders – Continuity or Change? In Contested World Orders: Rising Powers, Non-governmental Organizations, and the Politics of Authority beyond the Nation-State, edited by Stephen, Matthew D. and Zürn, Michael, 368–389. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Zürn, Michael, Tokhi, Alexandros, and Binder, Martin. 2021. The International Authority Database. Global Policy 12(4): 430–442.Google Scholar

Zürn, Michael, and Joerges, Christian, eds. 2005. Law and Governance in Postnational Europe: Compliance beyond the Nation-State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar