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Cover crops and topography differentially influence weeds at a watershed scale

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 August 2019

Gurbir Singh Open the ORCID record for Gurbir Singh [Opens in a new window] ,
Gurpreet Kaur ,
Karl W. Williard ,
Kelly A. Nelson  and
Jon E. Schoonover
Gurbir Singh*
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, National Center for Alluvial Aquifer Research, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA
Gurpreet Kaur
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, National Center for Alluvial Aquifer Research, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA
Karl W. Williard
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
Kelly A. Nelson
Affiliation:
Professor, Lee Greenley Jr. Memorial Research Center, University of Missouri, Novelty, MO, USA
Jon E. Schoonover
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Gurbir Singh, National Center for Alluvial Aquifer Research, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, 82 Stoneville Road, Stoneville, MS 38776. Email: gurbir.singh@msstate.edu
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Abstract

Cover crops (CCs) play an important role in integrated weed management. Data necessary to evaluate the role of CCs in weed management at the watershed scale with topographic positions are lacking. We evaluated the effects of cereal rye and hairy vetch CCs on weed suppression at different topographic positions (shoulder, backslope, and footslope) at a watershed scale. Watersheds with a CC treatment followed a crop rotation of corn–cereal rye–soybean–hairy vetch, whereas watersheds without a CC (no-CC) had a crop rotation of corn–winter fallow–soybean–winter fallow. A negative relationship was present between CCs and weed biomass at the shoulder, backslope, and footslope topographic landscape positions, with R2 values of 0.40, 0.48, and 0.50, respectively. In 2016, a cereal rye CC reduced weed biomass 46% to 50% at footslope and shoulder positions compared to no CC. In 2018, a cereal rye CC reduced weed biomass between 52% and 85% at all topographic positions in CC treatment watersheds compared to no-CC watersheds. Hairy vetch in 2017 reduced weed biomass 62% to 72% at footslope and shoulder topographic positions in CC watersheds compared to no-CC. The C:N ratio of weed biomass in CC treatment watersheds was generally higher compared to watersheds without CCs. In this study, several significant interactions were found between the topographic positions and CC treatments. Cover crop–induced weed suppression at different topographic positions can lead to developing better site-specific weed control strategies. Therefore, CC interactions with topography, weed germination potential, and the role of soil moisture at the watershed scale should be further evaluated.

Keywords

Kevin Bradley, University of MissouriCereal rye, Secale cereale L.corn, Zea mays L.hairy vetch, Vicia villosa Roth.soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.Shoulderbackslopefootslopelandscape positionC:N ratio
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 34 , Issue 1 , February 2020 , pp. 73 - 81
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2019 

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