Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-42gr6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T07:08:10.728Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Early post hatch nutrition on immune system development and function in broiler chickens

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2015

A.K. PANDA ,
S.K. BHANJA  and
G. SHYAM SUNDER
A.K. PANDA*
Affiliation:
Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030, India
S.K. BHANJA
Affiliation:
Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030, India
G. SHYAM SUNDER
Affiliation:
Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030, India
*
Corresponding author: akpanda59@gmail.com; akpanda59@rediffmail.com
Get access

Abstract

The onset of feeding broiler chicks after hatch is often delayed by 48-72 hours due to variations in hatching time and follow up hatchery practices, affecting their ultimate performance at marketable age. In the newly hatched chicks, residual yolk serves as a source of nutrients until access to exogenous sources of feed is established. However, despite the residual yolk being sufficient to maintain the chicks during the first three to four days of life, it does not provide the required level of nutrients to fully support the genetic expression of the bird's potential for growth, development of the gastro-intestinal tract or the immune system. Development of the avian immune system is triggered during embryogenesis, but is not evolved until a few weeks of age post hatch, and can be stunted due to the unavailability of nutrients if hatchlings are deprived of food immediately after hatch. Early feeding is not only associated with immune organ development, but also with the functioning of the immune system in broiler hatchlings. With the continued increase in the economic importance of broiler chickens, an understanding of the development and function of the immune system in these birds and their capacity to respond effectively to divergent antigens is necessary.

Keywords

early post hatch nutritionimmune system development and functionbroilers
Type
Reviews
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 71 , Issue 2 , June 2015 , pp. 285 - 296
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BAR SHIRA, E., SKLAN, D. and FRIEDMAN, A. (2003) Establishment of immune competence in the avian GALT during the immediate post hatch period. Developmental and Comparative Immunology 27: 147-157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BAR SHIRA, E., SKLAN, D. and FRIEDMAN, A. (2005) Impaired immune response in broiler hatchling following delayed access to feed. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 105: 33-45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BHANJA, S.K. (2008) Augmenting performance and immune competence in commercial broiler chickens through early post- hatch nutrition and its influence on nutrient composition of the chicken meat. Dissertation, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.Google Scholar
BHANJA, S.K., ANJALI DEVI, C., PANDA, A.K. and SHYAM SUNDER, G. (2009) Effect of post hatch feed deprivation on yolk-sac utilisation and performance of young broiler chickens. Asian Australian Journal of Animal Sciences 22: 1174-1180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BIGOT, K., TESSERAUD, S., TAOUIS, M. and PICARD, M. (2001) Alimentation néonatale et développement précoce du poulet dechair. INRA Production Animal 14: 219-230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BUCY, R.P., CHEN, C.H., CIHAK, J., LOSCH, U. and COOPER, M.D. (1988) Avian T cells expressing receptors localize in the spleenic sinusoids and the intestinal epithelium. Immunology 141: 2200-2205.Google Scholar
DIBNER, J.J., KNIGHT, C.D., KITCHEL, M.L., ATWELL, C.A., DOWNS, A.C. and IVEY, F.J. (1998) Early feeding and development of the immune system in neonatal poultry. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 7: 425-436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
EDENS, F.E, DOEDER, R.E., CAIN, L.D. and GIESEN, A.F. (1998) Pre-feeding of a navel hydrated nutritional supplement (Oasis) improves early performance in turkey poults. Poultry Science 77: 141 (Abs).Google Scholar
EKINO, S., MATSUNO, K., HARADA, S., FUJI, H., NAWA, Y. and KOTANI, M. (1979) Amplification of plaque forming cells in the spleen after intra-cloacal antigen stimulation in neonate chickens. Immunology 37: 811-815.Google Scholar
ERF, G.F., BOTTJE, W.G. and BESRI, T.K. (1998) CD4, CD8 and TCR defined T-cell subsets in thymus and spleen of 2 and 7 week old commercial broiler chickens. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 62: 339-348.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
GEYRA, A., UNI, Z. and SKLAN, D. (2001) The effect of fasting at different ages on growth and tissue dynamics in the small intestine of the young chick. British Journal of Nutrition 86: 53-61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
GLICK, B., DAY, E.J. and THOMPSON, D. (1981) Caorie-protein deficiencies and the immune response of the chickens. I. Humoral immune response. Poultry Science 60: 2494-2500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GLICK, B. (1997) The bursa of Fabricius and immunoglobulin synthesis. Review of Cytology 48: 345-402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HULSEW, K.W., VAN ACKER, B.A., VON MEYENFELDT, M.F. and SOETER, P.B. (1999) Nutritional depletion and dietary manipulation; effects on immune response. World Journal of Surgery 23: 536-544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
JUUL-MADSEN, H.R., SU, G. and SORENSEN, P. (2004) Influence of early or late start of first feeding on growth and immune phenotype of broilers. British Poultry Science 45: 210-222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
KADAM, A.S., NIKAM, M.G., PATODKAR, V.R., MUGLIKAR, D.M., LONKAR, V.D., YADAV, G.B., MAINI, S., RAVIKANTH, K. and MESHAM, M.D. (2009) Influence of herbal chick nutritional supplement on the growth performance, serum biochemical and immune response of broiler chicken. International Journal of Poultry Science 8: 349-354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KATANBAF, M.N., DUNNINGTON, E.A. and SIEGEL, P.B. (1988) Allomorphic relationships from hatching to 56 days in parental lines and F1 crosses of chickens selected over 27 generations for high or low body weight. Growth Development and Aging 52: 11-22.Google ScholarPubMed
KLASING, K.C. (1988) Influence of acute starvation or acute access intake on immune-competence of broiler chicks. Poultry Science 67: 626-634.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KLASING, K.C. (2007) Nutrition and the immune system. British Poultry Science 48: 525-537.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
KLASING, K.C. and BARNES, D.M. (1988) Decreased amino acid requirements of growing chick due to immunological stress. Journal of Nutrition 118: 1158-1164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LATSHAW, J.D. (1991) Nutrition - mechanisms of immune-suppression. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 30: 111-120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LAWRENCE, E.C., ARNAUD-BATTANDIER, F., GRAYSON, J., KOSKI, I.R., DOOLEY, N.J., MUCHMORE, A.V. and BLAESE, R.M. (1981) Ontogeny of humoral immune function in normal chickens: a comparison of immunoglobulin secreting cells in bone marrow, spleen, lungs and intestine. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 43: 450-457.Google ScholarPubMed
LESLIE, G.A. (1975) Ontogeny of the chicken humoral immune system. American Journal of Veterinary Research 36: 482-485.Google Scholar
LESLIE, G.A. and MARTIN, L.N. (1973) Suppression of chicken immunoglobulin ontogeny by F(ab’)2 fragments of antiµ chain and by anti-L chain. International Archives of Allergy 45: 429-438.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LILLEHOJ, H.S. and TROUT, J.M. (1996) Avian gut-associated lymphoid tissues and intestinal immune responses to Eimeria parasites. Clinical Microbiology Review 93: 349-360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MARTIN, L.N. and LESLIE, G.A. (1973) Ontogeny of IgA in normal and neonatallv bursectomised chickens. Zth corroborative data on IgY and IgM. Proceeding of the Society of Experimental biology and Medicine 143: 241-243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MAST, J. and GODDEERIS, B.M. (1999) Development of immune-competence of broiler chickens. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 70: 245-256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MCCORKLE, F.M. and GLICK, B. (1980) The effect of aging on immune competence in the chicken: antibody mediated immunity. Poultry Science 59: 669-672.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MCCORKLE, F.M., LUGINBUHL, G.H., SIMMONS, D.G., MORGAN, G.W. and THAXTON, J.P. (1983) Ontogeny of delayed hypersensitivity in young turkeys. Developmental and Comparative Immunology 7: 521-524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
NATHAN, B., HELLER, E.D. and PEREK, M. (1977) The effect of starvation on antibody production of chicks. Poultry Science 56: 1468-1473.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
NIR, I., NISTAN, Z., DUNNINGTON, E.A. and SIEGEL, P.B. (1996) Aspects of food intake restriction in domestic fowl: Metabolic and genetic considerations. World's Poultry Science Journal 52: 251-266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NNADI, P.A., EZE, P.C. and EZEMA, W.S. (2010) Influence of delayed feeding on the performance, development and response of immune system to Newcastle disease vaccination in chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science 9: 669-674.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NOY, Y. and SKLAN, D. (1999) Different types of early feeding and performance in chicks and poults. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 8: 16-24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NOY, Y., UNI, , Z and and SKLAN, D. (1996) Routes of yolk utilisation in the newly hatched chick. British Poultry Science 37: 987-996.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
PANDA, A.K. and REDDY, M.R. (2007) Boosting the chick's immune system through early nutrition. Poultry International 46: 22-26.Google Scholar
PANDA, A.K., RAJU, M.V.L.N., RAMA RAO, S.V. and SHYAM SUNDER, G. (2009) Post hatch feed and broiler performance. Poultry International 48: 28-29.Google Scholar
PANDA, A.K., RAJU, M.V.L.N., RAMA RAO, S.V., SHYAM SUNDER, G. and REDDY, M.R. (2010) Effect of Post hatch Feed Deprivation on Growth, Immune Organ Development and Immune Competence in Broiler Chickens. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology 10: 9-17.Google Scholar
PANDA, A.K., RAMA RAO, S.V., RAJU, M.V.L.N., REDDY, M.R. and SHYAM SUNDER, G. (2008) Early Gut Development: Its importance in broiler production. Proceedings of the Seminar on Sustainable poultry production: Rural and commercial approach, Hyderabad, pp. 79-83.Google Scholar
PANDA, A.K., SHYAM SUNDER, G., RAMA RAO, S.V. and RAJU, M.V.L.N. (2006) Early Nutrition Enhances Growth and Speeds up gut development. World Poultry 22: 15-16.Google Scholar
PEAULT, B., DIETERLEN-LIEVRE, F. and LE DOURARIN, N.M. (1987) Cellular interactions occurring during primary lymphoid organ ontogeny in birds, in: TOIVANEN, A. & TOIVANEN, P. (Eds) Avian Immunology: Basis and Practice, pp. 39-64 (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL).Google Scholar
PEREY, D.Y. and BIENENSTOCK, J. (1973) Effects of bursectomy and thymectomy on ontogeny of fowl IgA, IgG, and IgM. Journal of Immunology 111: 633-637.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
RAMMOUZ, R.E., SAID, S., ABBOUD, M., YAMMINE, S. and JAMMAL., B. (2011) Effect of post hatch early feeding times starter supplemented with egg yolk and white of boiled chicken eggs (RIR) on growth performance, viscera development and immune response in broiler chickens. Asian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 5: 660-671.Google Scholar
RAO, D.S.V., MCDUFFIE, F.C. and GLICK, B. (1978) The regulation of IgM production in the chick: Roles of the bursa of Fabricius, environmental antigens and plasma IgG. Journal of Immunology 120: 783-787.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
RICKLEFS, R.E. (1987) Comparative analysis of avian embryonic growth. Journal of Experimental Zoology Supplement 1: 309-323.Google Scholar
ROMANOFF, A.L. (1960) The extra-embryonic membranes, in: The Avian Embryo, pp. 1042-1081 (Academic Press, Macmillan, New York).Google Scholar
SCHAT, K.A. and MYERS, T.J. (1991) Avian intestinal immunity. Critical Review in Poultry Biology 3:19-34.Google Scholar
SHAWKY, S.A., SAIF, Y.M. and SWAYNE, D.E. (1993) Role of circulating maternal anti-rotavirus IgG in protection of intestinal mucosal surface in turkey poults. Avian Disease 37: 1041-1050.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SKLAN, D. and NOY, Y. (2000) Hydrolysis and absorption in the intestine of newly hatched chicks. Poultry Science 79: 1306-1310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
THOMPSON, F.M., MAYRHOFER, G. and CUMMINS, A.G. (1996) Dependence of epithelial growth of the small intestine on T-cell activation during weaning in the rat. Gastroenterology 111: 37-44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
VON ANDRIAN, U.H. and MEMPEL, T.R. (2003) Homing and cellular traffic in lymph nodes. Natural Review of Immunology 3: 867-878.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
YUNIS, R., BEN-DAVID, A., HELLER, E.D. and CAHANER, A. (2000) Immune competence and viability under commercial conditions of broiler groups differing in growth and in antibody response to Escherichia coli vaccine. Poultry Science79: 810-816.CrossRefGoogle Scholar