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Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Interference and Seed Production in Corn Silage and Grain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Edward L. Werner ,
William S. Curran ,
Jayson K. Harper ,
Gregory W. Roth  and
Daniel P. Knievel
Edward L. Werner
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802
William S. Curran*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802
Jayson K. Harper
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802
Gregory W. Roth
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802
Daniel P. Knievel
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: wcurran@psu.edu
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Abstract

Studies were conducted during a 2-yr period measuring corn silage and grain yield and velvetleaf seed production in response to velvetleaf density. Velvetleaf densities of 0, 2, 5, 10, and 21 plants/m2 were established in conventionally tilled corn. The percent corn yield reduction in response to velvetleaf density was similar for both years despite differences in total corn yield. Corn grain and silage yield responded differently to velvetleaf interference. Although both were adversely affected, silage yield reductions were twice that of grain at the low velvetleaf densities. A hyperbolic yield model predicted a maximum yield loss for corn silage and grain of 36 and 37% with incremental losses of 7 and 3%, respectively, as velvetleaf density increased. Velvetleaf seed production ranged from 2,256 to 4,844 seed/m2 from the lowest to the highest density. This study demonstrates that corn silage yield is more sensitive than corn grain yield to velvetleaf interference, as well as how crop value plays an important role in determining economic thresholds. Finally, this research confirms the prolific nature of velvetleaf and shows that even at low densities, velvetleaf seed production could affect weed control decisions for many seasons to come.

Keywords

Velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medicus # ABUTHcorn, Zea mays L. ‘Pioneer 3140’Economic thresholdweed competitionweed interferenceyield lossET, economic threshold
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 18 , Issue 3 , September 2004 , pp. 779 - 783
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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