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Influence of Temperature and Plant Growth Stages of Red Clover and Wheat on Small Broomrape (Orobanche minor) Germination

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Salam A. Al-Thahabi ,
Jed B. Colquhoun  and
Carol A. Mallory-Smith
Salam A. Al-Thahabi*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
Jed B. Colquhoun
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI 53706
Carol A. Mallory-Smith
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: salam.al-thahabi@oregonstate.edu.
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Abstract

Small broomrape is a holoparasitic plant that attaches to the roots of red clover as well as several other host plants. Hosts and false hosts produce stimulants that induce small broomrape germination but small broomrape does not attach to a false host. Wheat has been identified as a false host for small broomrape; therefore, studies were conducted to investigate the effect of red clover and wheat root exudates on small broomrape germination. In one study, the effect of exudates from red clover and wheat at multiple growth stages on small broomrape germination was evaluated. Red clover induced small broomrape germination at all growth stages tested but was greatest (78%) in the presence of exudates from red clover at the three-trifoliolate stage. Maximum small broomrape germination was 25% when exposed to exudates produced by one-leaf-stage wheat. In a second study, the relationship between small broomrape germination and host growth condition was evaluated using root exudates from red clover or wheat grown under several temperature conditions for either 4 or 8 wk. For the different temperatures, there were no differences in small broomrape germination when exudates of red clover grown for 4 wk were used. Small broomrape germination was reduced when exposed to exudates from red clover plants grown for 8 wk at 10 C compared with plants grown at 15, 20, and 25 C. Differences in small broomrape seed germination were observed with temperature under which wheat was grown for 4 wk, but not for 8 wk. Although wheat exudates resulted in less small broomrape seed germination than red clover exudates, growing wheat as a false host in a small broomrape-infested field could be an important component of an integrated management plan.

Orobanche minor es una planta holoparasítica que se adhiere a las raíces del trébol rojo además de a otras plantas hospederas. Los hospederos y falsos hospederos producen estimulantes que inducen la germinación de O. minor, pero esta maleza no se adhiere a un falso hospedero. El trigo ha sido identificado como un falso hospedero de O. minor. Por esta razón, se realizaron estudios para investigar el efecto de exudados de raíces de trébol rojo y de trigo en la germinación de O. minor. En un estudio, se evaluó el efecto sobre la germinación de O. minor de los exudados de trébol rojo y de trigo en múltiples estados de desarrollo. El trébol rojo indujo la germinación de O. minor en todos los estados de desarrollo evaluados, pero fue mayor (78%) en la presencia de exudados de trébol rojo en el estado de tres hojas trifoliadas. La germinación máxima de O. minor fue 25% con exudados producidos por trigo en el estado de una hoja. En el segundo estudio, la relación entre la germinación de O. minor y la condición de crecimiento del hospedero fue evaluada usando exudados de raíces de trébol rojo o de trigo crecidos bajo diferentes condiciones de temperatura por 4 u 8 semanas. No hubo diferencias en la germinación de O. minor cuando se usaron exudados de trébol rojo crecido en las diferentes temperaturas por 4 semanas. La germinación de O. minor se redujo cuando se usaron exudados de plantas de trébol rojo crecidas por 8 semanas a 10 C en comparación con plantas crecidas a 15, 20, y 25 C. Las diferencias en la germinación de semillas de O. minor se observaron con el trigo crecido a diferentes temperaturas durante 4 semanas, pero no durante 8 semanas. Aunque los exudados de trigo resultaron en una menor germinación de semillas de O. minor que los exudados de trébol rojo, el crecer trigo como falso hospedero en campos infestados con O. minor podría ser un componente importante de un plan de manejo integrado.

Keywords

Small broomrape, Orobanche minor Smred clover, Trifolium pratense L.wheat, Triticum aestivum L.False hostgermination stimulantintegrated weed managementparasitic plant
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 28 , Issue 1 , March 2014 , pp. 266 - 271
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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