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Effect of Preharvest Desiccants on Weed Seed Production and Viability

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Andrew C. Bennett  and
David R. Shaw
Andrew C. Bennett
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
David R. Shaw*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: dshaw@weedscience.msstate.edu.
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Abstract

Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia), hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata), and pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) seed production and viability in early-maturing soybean (Glycine max) were evaluated following preharvest desiccation. The herbicide combinations 1.1 kg ai/ha glyphosate plus 6.7 kg ai/ha sodium chlorate, 2.2 kg/ha glyphosate plus 3.4 kg/ha sodium chlorate, and 0.3 kg ai/ha paraquat plus 6.7 kg/ha sodium chlorate reduced sicklepod germination, emergence, and seedling growth in most cases. Oxyfluorfen at 0.3 kg ai/ha plus 3.4 or 6.7 kg/ha sodium chlorate also reduced sicklepod germination and growth. Glufosinate from 0.8 to 1.4 kg ai/ha reduced sicklepod germination but did not have a consistent effect on other seedling growth parameters. Bromoxynil at 1.1 kg ai/ha plus 3.4 kg/ha sodium chlorate reduced sicklepod germination but did not have a consistent effect on most growth parameters. A wide range of treatments reduced hemp sesbania germination, emergence, and growth to very low levels. All desiccant applications reduced pitted morningglory seed production compared to the untreated check. Glyphosate at 1.1 kg/ha plus 6.7 kg/ha sodium chlorate, 0.3 kg/ha oxyfluorfen plus 3.4 kg/ha sodium chlorate, and 0.8 or 1.1 kg/ha glufosinate reduced pitted morningglory seed production and desiccated weeds effectively. Most treatments reduced emergence in 1996, when seeds were smaller and less mature than those collected in 1995. When application volume of paraquat alone or in tank mixture decreased, germination and growth of sicklepod was reduced, indicating increased paraquat efficacy.

Keywords

Bromoxynilglufosinateglyphosateoxyfluorfenparaquatsodium chloratepitted morningglory, Ipomoea lacunosa L. #3 IPOLAhemp sesbania, Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) ex A. W. Hill # SEBEXsicklepod, Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin et Barnaby # CASOBsoybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘NK 4260’Desiccationgerminationearly-maturing soybeanDATdays after treatment
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 14 , Issue 3 , September 2000 , pp. 530 - 538
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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